{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3193422546","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3105382","title":"An Improved Forest Fire Monitoring Algorithm With Three-Dimensional Otsu","display_name":"An Improved Forest Fire Monitoring Algorithm With Three-Dimensional Otsu","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3193422546","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3105382","mag":"3193422546"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3105382","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3105382","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/09514876.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/09514876.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102011847","display_name":"Zhao Hui Deng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7537-2250"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I119273862","display_name":"Central South University of Forestry and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02czw2k81","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I119273862"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139660479","display_name":"Central South University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f1zfq44","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhao Deng","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Forestry, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7537-2250","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Forestry, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I119273862","https://openalex.org/I139660479"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101500144","display_name":"Gui Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9011-6490"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I119273862","display_name":"Central South University of Forestry and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02czw2k81","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I119273862"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139660479","display_name":"Central South University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f1zfq44","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gui Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Forestry, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9011-6490","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Forestry, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I119273862","https://openalex.org/I139660479"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":0.976,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":17,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.74259593,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":null,"first_page":"118367","last_page":"118378"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10555","display_name":"Fire effects on ecosystems","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10555","display_name":"Fire effects on ecosystems","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12597","display_name":"Fire Detection and Safety Systems","score":0.9961000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2213","display_name":"Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11317","display_name":"Fire dynamics and safety research","score":0.9786999821662903,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2213","display_name":"Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.642496645450592},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/histogram","display_name":"Histogram","score":0.6398716568946838},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.6326213479042053},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pixel","display_name":"Pixel","score":0.5311191082000732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/brightness","display_name":"Brightness","score":0.5214138031005859},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.49767592549324036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.49030736088752747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fire-hazard","display_name":"Fire hazard","score":0.47290122509002686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/identification","display_name":"Identification (biology)","score":0.458883136510849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scale","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","score":0.41565704345703125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.3711150586605072},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.2778865396976471},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.09473064541816711},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.09393200278282166}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.642496645450592},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53533937","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185020","display_name":"Histogram","level":3,"score":0.6398716568946838},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.6326213479042053},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160633673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q355198","display_name":"Pixel","level":2,"score":0.5311191082000732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125245961","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q221656","display_name":"Brightness","level":2,"score":0.5214138031005859},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.49767592549324036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.49030736088752747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2987755307","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2997557","display_name":"Fire hazard","level":2,"score":0.47290122509002686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116834253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2039217","display_name":"Identification (biology)","level":2,"score":0.458883136510849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778755073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10858537","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","level":2,"score":0.41565704345703125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.3711150586605072},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.2778865396976471},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.09473064541816711},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.09393200278282166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58640448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42515","display_name":"Cartography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C526734887","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q832237","display_name":"Environmental protection","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3105382","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3105382","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/09514876.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:764fc21d0a3446f19c2ae1421e4c83c1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/764fc21d0a3446f19c2ae1421e4c83c1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 9, Pp 118367-118378 (2021)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3105382","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3105382","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/09514876.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7099999785423279,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13","display_name":"Climate action"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2186355850","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"BS123456","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306111","funder_display_name":"U.S. Department of Commerce"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306111","display_name":"U.S. Department of Commerce","ror":"https://ror.org/04chq2495"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3193422546.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3193422546.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":21,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1555268145","https://openalex.org/W1966272358","https://openalex.org/W1989363703","https://openalex.org/W2018369930","https://openalex.org/W2041979155","https://openalex.org/W2067681708","https://openalex.org/W2092586400","https://openalex.org/W2094466200","https://openalex.org/W2095948312","https://openalex.org/W2106742430","https://openalex.org/W2132122393","https://openalex.org/W2295931476","https://openalex.org/W2320089528","https://openalex.org/W2345509419","https://openalex.org/W2370471105","https://openalex.org/W2507247036","https://openalex.org/W3015579550","https://openalex.org/W3049182725","https://openalex.org/W3111123763","https://openalex.org/W4255575007","https://openalex.org/W6708289883"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2387055199","https://openalex.org/W2313061941","https://openalex.org/W2588661485","https://openalex.org/W1953485902","https://openalex.org/W2052546562","https://openalex.org/W2605640648","https://openalex.org/W3175896399","https://openalex.org/W4298119411","https://openalex.org/W4250745116","https://openalex.org/W2067317902"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Forest":[0],"fires":[1],"can":[2,88,145],"destroy":[3],"millions":[4],"of":[5,7,81,124,134],"acres":[6],"land":[8],"at":[9],"shockingly":[10],"fast":[11],"speeds.":[12],"The":[13,116,142],"forest":[14,26,32,68,92,113],"fire":[15,27,33,69,93,114,140,150,170],"points":[16,70,94],"identification":[17,71],"algorithm":[18,72,106,127,137,144],"is":[19,95,128,155],"the":[20,25,78,103,121,125,135],"most":[21],"critical":[22],"step":[23],"in":[24,138],"monitoring":[28,34,169],"process.":[29],"Most":[30],"traditional":[31],"methods":[35],"use":[36],"fixed":[37],"thresholds,":[38],"ignoring":[39],"background":[40],"pixels,":[41],"and":[42,57,64,147,153,160],"have":[43],"low":[44,58],"recognition":[45,59],"rates,":[46],"which":[47,163],"could":[48],"lead":[49],"to":[50,111,158],"many":[51],"problems,":[52],"such":[53],"as":[54],"false":[55],"reporting":[56],"rate.":[60],"This":[61],"paper":[62],"proposes":[63],"tests":[65],"an":[66,84,165],"adaptive":[67,85],"using":[73],"Himawari-8":[74],"data.":[75],"By":[76],"calculating":[77],"three-dimensional":[79,100],"histogram":[80],"brightness":[82],"temperature,":[83],"threshold":[86],"that":[87,120,133],"automatically":[89],"identify":[90],"potential":[91],"obtained.":[96],"Based":[97],"on":[98],"this":[99],"Otsu":[101],"method,":[102],"contextual":[104],"test":[105],"has":[107],"also":[108,156],"been":[109],"adopted":[110],"specify":[112],"points.":[115],"experimental":[117],"results":[118],"show":[119],"omission":[122],"rate":[123],"improved":[126,143],"about":[129],"10%":[130],"lower":[131],"than":[132],"previous":[136],"small-scale":[139],"incidents.":[141],"quickly":[146],"effectively":[148],"extract":[149],"point":[151],"information,":[152],"it":[154],"sensitive":[157],"small":[159],"low-temperature":[161],"fires,":[162],"provides":[164],"efficient":[166],"means":[167],"for":[168],"disasters.":[171]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}