{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3194567732","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3104738","title":"Drone Detection Sensor With Continuous 2.4 GHz ISM Band Coverage Based on Cost-Effective SDR Platform","display_name":"Drone Detection Sensor With Continuous 2.4 GHz ISM Band Coverage Based on Cost-Effective SDR Platform","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3194567732","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3104738","mag":"3194567732"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3104738","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3104738","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/09513316.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/09513316.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059072808","display_name":"Przemys\u0142aw Flak","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4786-9558"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I119004910","display_name":"Silesian University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02dyjk442","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I119004910"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Przemyslaw Flak","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Automatic Control, Faculty of Automatic Control, Electronics and Computer Science, Ph.D. School, Silesian University of Technology, Gliwice, Poland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Automatic Control, Faculty of Automatic Control, Electronics and Computer Science, Ph.D. School, Silesian University of Technology, Gliwice, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I119004910"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5059072808"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I119004910"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":26.8719,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":42,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99165888,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":null,"first_page":"114574","last_page":"114586"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11133","display_name":"UAV Applications and Optimization","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11133","display_name":"UAV Applications and Optimization","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10891","display_name":"Radar Systems and Signal Processing","score":0.9973999857902527,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12389","display_name":"Infrared Target Detection Methodologies","score":0.996999979019165,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/drone","display_name":"Drone","score":0.798996090888977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7021017670631409},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-defined-radio","display_name":"Software-defined radio","score":0.6791984438896179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bandwidth","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","score":0.6516395807266235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field-programmable-gate-array","display_name":"Field-programmable gate array","score":0.6345114707946777},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.5359348654747009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/throughput","display_name":"Throughput","score":0.5011258125305176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radio-frequency","display_name":"Radio frequency","score":0.49458953738212585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.4657125771045685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.4611648917198181},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.45740747451782227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.18132251501083374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.14777278900146484}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59519942","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q650665","display_name":"Drone","level":2,"score":0.798996090888977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7021017670631409},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171115542","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1331892","display_name":"Software-defined radio","level":2,"score":0.6791984438896179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776257435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1576430","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","level":2,"score":0.6516395807266235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42935608","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190411","display_name":"Field-programmable gate array","level":2,"score":0.6345114707946777},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.5359348654747009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157764524","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1383412","display_name":"Throughput","level":3,"score":0.5011258125305176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74064498","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3396184","display_name":"Radio frequency","level":2,"score":0.49458953738212585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.4657125771045685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.4611648917198181},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.45740747451782227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.18132251501083374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.14777278900146484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3104738","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3104738","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/09513316.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:8f9efb2b5dde495e85e522663a365b5a","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/8f9efb2b5dde495e85e522663a365b5a","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 9, Pp 114574-114586 (2021)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3104738","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3104738","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/09513316.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324727","display_name":"Silesian University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02dyjk442"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3194567732.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3194567732.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":51,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W199564985","https://openalex.org/W2020691387","https://openalex.org/W2060794220","https://openalex.org/W2093899023","https://openalex.org/W2099244020","https://openalex.org/W2103559027","https://openalex.org/W2123135716","https://openalex.org/W2124532828","https://openalex.org/W2133059825","https://openalex.org/W2163616251","https://openalex.org/W2592732097","https://openalex.org/W2607488934","https://openalex.org/W2800532167","https://openalex.org/W2808719633","https://openalex.org/W2904220545","https://openalex.org/W2911055096","https://openalex.org/W2955560829","https://openalex.org/W2966016231","https://openalex.org/W2970731346","https://openalex.org/W2999467118","https://openalex.org/W3009178428","https://openalex.org/W3021127776","https://openalex.org/W3037483238","https://openalex.org/W3037930196","https://openalex.org/W3038364300","https://openalex.org/W3043675702","https://openalex.org/W3044921708","https://openalex.org/W3086430781","https://openalex.org/W3094175236","https://openalex.org/W3110179879","https://openalex.org/W3112272600","https://openalex.org/W3114799242","https://openalex.org/W3117941840","https://openalex.org/W3131229073","https://openalex.org/W3135494293","https://openalex.org/W3152697571","https://openalex.org/W3152974056","https://openalex.org/W3168496988","https://openalex.org/W3210232381","https://openalex.org/W3210727143","https://openalex.org/W4254308002","https://openalex.org/W6608171436","https://openalex.org/W6734639542","https://openalex.org/W6780831820","https://openalex.org/W6783757382","https://openalex.org/W6787075177","https://openalex.org/W6788181286","https://openalex.org/W6794015711","https://openalex.org/W6794047781","https://openalex.org/W6796904157","https://openalex.org/W6803376173"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4229448053","https://openalex.org/W4247925126","https://openalex.org/W4327774218","https://openalex.org/W2059768187","https://openalex.org/W4312858960","https://openalex.org/W2328456318","https://openalex.org/W4386211564","https://openalex.org/W2117461777","https://openalex.org/W2393227873","https://openalex.org/W4299564445"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,71,133,185],"development":[1],"of":[2,32,94,108,205],"Unmanned":[3],"Aerial":[4],"Vehicles":[5],"(UAVs),":[6],"commonly":[7],"referred":[8],"to":[9,41,119,148,157,173],"as":[10,193,202],"drones,":[11],"has":[12],"introduced":[13],"revolutionary":[14],"changes":[15],"in":[16,34,138,146,152,169,177],"many":[17,42],"areas":[18],"over":[19],"the":[20,30,88,109,121,126,149,158,162,174,180,189],"past":[21],"few":[22],"years.":[23],"However,":[24],"aside":[25],"from":[26],"opening":[27],"new":[28],"possibilities,":[29],"usage":[31],"drones":[33],"an":[35],"irresponsible":[36],"and":[37,79,125,129,141,144,201],"dangerous":[38],"manner":[39],"leads":[40],"hazardous":[43],"incidents.":[44],"This":[45],"paper":[46],"presents":[47],"a":[48,53,105,139,165,194,203,206],"drone":[49],"detection":[50,62,115,170],"sensor":[51,150,195],"with":[52,179],"continuous":[54],"2.400":[55],"GHz-2.483":[56],"GHz":[57],"operational":[58],"frequency":[59,68],"range":[60],"for":[61,113,196],"methods":[63],"based":[64,73],"on":[65,74],"passive":[66],"radio":[67],"imaging":[69],"techniques.":[70],"implementation":[72],"Software":[75],"Defined":[76],"Radio":[77],"(SDR)":[78],"Field":[80],"Programmable":[81],"Logic":[82],"Array":[83],"(FPGA)":[84],"hardware":[85,106],"that":[86],"overcomes":[87],"40":[89],"MHz":[90],"real-time":[91,160],"bandwidth":[92],"limit":[93],"other":[95,153],"popular":[96],"SDRs":[97],"is":[98,117,136],"presented":[99,145],"utilizing":[100],"low-cost":[101],"off-the-shelf":[102],"components.":[103],"Furthermore,":[104],"realization":[107],"signal":[110],"processing":[111],"chain":[112],"specific":[114],"algorithms":[116],"proposed":[118,190],"minimize":[120],"throughput":[122],"between":[123],"SDR":[124],"companion":[127],"computer":[128],"offload":[130],"software":[131],"computations.":[132],"device":[134],"validation":[135],"made":[137],"laboratory":[140],"real-life":[142],"scenario":[143],"relation":[147],"used":[151],"works.":[154],"In":[155],"addition":[156],"increased":[159],"bandwidth,":[161],"measurements":[163],"show":[164],"9":[166],"dB":[167],"reduction":[168],"sensitivity":[171],"compared":[172],"reference":[175],"receiver,":[176],"line":[178],"analog":[181],"RF":[182],"front-end":[183],"specifications.":[184],"final":[186,207],"analysis":[187],"demonstrates":[188],"device\u2019s":[191],"relevance":[192],"obtaining":[197],"machine":[198],"learning":[199],"datasets":[200],"part":[204],"anti-drone":[208],"system.":[209]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-07-15T18:14:33.161393","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}