{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3193642604","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3101952","title":"Reducing Manual Effort to Label Stock Market Data by Applying a Metaheuristic Search: A Case Study From the Saudi Stock Market","display_name":"Reducing Manual Effort to Label Stock Market Data by Applying a Metaheuristic Search: A Case Study From the Saudi Stock Market","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3193642604","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3101952","mag":"3193642604"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3101952","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3101952","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9312710/09503403.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9312710/09503403.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023255735","display_name":"Mohammad Alsulmi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7900-2273"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28022161","display_name":"King Saud University","ror":"https://ror.org/02f81g417","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28022161"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Mohammad Alsulmi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, College of Computer and Information Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7900-2273","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, College of Computer and Information Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28022161"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5023255735"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28022161"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":2.7739,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":17,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.90386899,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":null,"first_page":"110493","last_page":"110504"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11326","display_name":"Stock Market Forecasting Methods","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11326","display_name":"Stock Market Forecasting Methods","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12205","display_name":"Time Series Analysis and Forecasting","score":0.996999979019165,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11918","display_name":"Forecasting Techniques and Applications","score":0.9894999861717224,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.716667890548706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stock-market","display_name":"Stock market","score":0.7089579105377197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exploit","display_name":"Exploit","score":0.5910295248031616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stock","display_name":"Stock (firearms)","score":0.5580530166625977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.5211253762245178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4515877068042755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stock-market-prediction","display_name":"Stock market prediction","score":0.4194507896900177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/econometrics","display_name":"Econometrics","score":0.3475196063518524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.3265666961669922},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economics","display_name":"Economics","score":0.1352798044681549}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.716667890548706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780299701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q475000","display_name":"Stock market","level":3,"score":0.7089579105377197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165696696","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11287","display_name":"Exploit","level":2,"score":0.5910295248031616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204036174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q909380","display_name":"Stock (firearms)","level":2,"score":0.5580530166625977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.5211253762245178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4515877068042755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776256503","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7617906","display_name":"Stock market prediction","level":4,"score":0.4194507896900177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149782125","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160039","display_name":"Econometrics","level":1,"score":0.3475196063518524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.3265666961669922},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.1352798044681549},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780762169","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5905368","display_name":"Horse","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3101952","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3101952","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9312710/09503403.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:077764931e1f4cf597e3451b68ded24a","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/077764931e1f4cf597e3451b68ded24a","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 9, Pp 110493-110504 (2021)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3101952","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3101952","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9312710/09503403.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Partnerships for the goals","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/17","score":0.5400000214576721}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334937","display_name":"Research Center of the College of Computer and Information Sciences, King Saud University","ror":"https://ror.org/02f81g417"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3193642604.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3193642604.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":34,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W49513413","https://openalex.org/W1512230202","https://openalex.org/W1573854140","https://openalex.org/W2007358469","https://openalex.org/W2012936134","https://openalex.org/W2024060531","https://openalex.org/W2042986967","https://openalex.org/W2066995518","https://openalex.org/W2091546382","https://openalex.org/W2104670598","https://openalex.org/W2114995609","https://openalex.org/W2122410182","https://openalex.org/W2151363206","https://openalex.org/W2172213518","https://openalex.org/W2292052972","https://openalex.org/W2318444086","https://openalex.org/W2400770063","https://openalex.org/W2471101636","https://openalex.org/W2561559620","https://openalex.org/W2607162077","https://openalex.org/W2784246028","https://openalex.org/W2800569739","https://openalex.org/W2833425706","https://openalex.org/W2914275007","https://openalex.org/W2945346514","https://openalex.org/W2979417040","https://openalex.org/W2980047501","https://openalex.org/W3142262897","https://openalex.org/W4230167402","https://openalex.org/W4238275873","https://openalex.org/W4246231201","https://openalex.org/W4246598646","https://openalex.org/W6960149718","https://openalex.org/W7035942812"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2586556113","https://openalex.org/W2370669686","https://openalex.org/W3135178882","https://openalex.org/W2542516223","https://openalex.org/W2624043242","https://openalex.org/W18886619","https://openalex.org/W2110351804","https://openalex.org/W3023530306","https://openalex.org/W2086993069","https://openalex.org/W3209908847"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Computational":[0],"intelligence":[1],"and":[2,17,105,161],"machine":[3],"learning":[4,37,86],"techniques":[5,35],"have":[6],"been":[7],"widely":[8],"considered":[9],"for":[10,58,85,134,157],"a":[11,25,108,126],"variety":[12],"of":[13,27,43,79,93,101,140],"domains,":[14],"including":[15],"financial":[16,29],"data":[18,103,159],"analysis":[19],"applications.":[20],"Stock":[21],"market":[22,56,60,88,136],"trading,":[23],"as":[24,150],"part":[26],"the":[28,41,64,80,91,99,102,131,153],"domain,":[30],"has":[31],"benefited":[32],"from":[33],"these":[34,50],"in":[36,70],"models":[38,89],"to":[39,62,129],"forecast":[40],"direction":[42],"stock":[44,55,87,135,158],"prices.":[45],"Traders":[46],"typically":[47],"rely":[48],"on":[49],"models,":[51],"trained":[52],"using":[53],"historical":[54],"data,":[57],"monitoring":[59],"events":[61],"make":[63],"right":[65],"decisions,":[66],"which":[67],"can":[68,106],"result":[69],"more":[71],"profits":[72],"while":[73],"exchanging":[74],"stocks.":[75],"One":[76],"observed":[77],"limitation":[78],"practices":[81],"currently":[82],"being":[83],"utilized":[84],"is":[90,147],"use":[92],"manually":[94],"labeled":[95],"datasets.":[96],"This":[97],"reduces":[98],"effectiveness":[100],"labeling":[104,122,132,160,164],"cause":[107],"lower":[109],"model":[110],"prediction":[111],"accuracy.":[112],"To":[113],"address":[114],"this":[115,117,145],"limitation,":[116],"paper":[118],"proposes":[119],"an":[120],"automatic":[121],"approach":[123,146],"that":[124,144],"exploits":[125],"metaheuristic":[127],"search":[128],"perform":[130],"task":[133],"data.":[137],"The":[138],"results":[139],"empirical":[141],"experiments":[142],"demonstrate":[143],"very":[148],"promising":[149],"it":[151],"outperforms":[152],"current":[154],"manual":[155],"approaches":[156],"achieves":[162],"higher":[163],"effectiveness.":[165]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}