{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3191708616","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3101247","title":"Data Augmentation and Layered Deformable Mask R-CNN-Based Detection of Wood Defects","display_name":"Data Augmentation and Layered Deformable Mask R-CNN-Based Detection of Wood Defects","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3191708616","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3101247","mag":"3191708616"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3101247","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3101247","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9312710/09502068.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9312710/09502068.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074019674","display_name":"Dongjie Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1005-7890"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I100188998","display_name":"Harbin University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04e6y1282","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I100188998"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Dongjie Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Complex Intelligent Systems and Integration in Heilongjiang Province, Harbin, China","School of Automation, Harbin University of Science and Technology, Harbin, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Complex Intelligent Systems and Integration in Heilongjiang Province, Harbin, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Automation, Harbin University of Science and Technology, Harbin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I100188998"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091217055","display_name":"Wenbo Xie","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7071-0388"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I100188998","display_name":"Harbin University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04e6y1282","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I100188998"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wenbo Xie","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Automation, Harbin University of Science and Technology, Harbin, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Automation, Harbin University of Science and Technology, Harbin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I100188998"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037157443","display_name":"Wang Bao-gang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1168-7787"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47689461","display_name":"Northeast Forestry University","ror":"https://ror.org/02yxnh564","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47689461"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Baogang Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electromechanical Engineering, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electromechanical Engineering, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47689461"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019721709","display_name":"Weifeng Zhong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4200-9065"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I100188998","display_name":"Harbin University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04e6y1282","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I100188998"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Weifeng Zhong","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Automation, Harbin University of Science and Technology, Harbin, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Automation, Harbin University of Science and Technology, Harbin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I100188998"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100715275","display_name":"Hongmin Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3204-3852"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I100188998","display_name":"Harbin University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04e6y1282","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I100188998"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hongmin Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Automation, Harbin University of Science and Technology, Harbin, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Automation, Harbin University of Science and Technology, Harbin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I100188998"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5074019674"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I100188998"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":2.8642,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":29,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91464302,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":null,"first_page":"108162","last_page":"108174"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12111","display_name":"Industrial Vision Systems and Defect Detection","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12111","display_name":"Industrial Vision Systems and Defect Detection","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13568","display_name":"Wood and Agarwood Research","score":0.996399998664856,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1605","display_name":"Organic Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/16","display_name":"Chemistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11164","display_name":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","score":0.9939000010490417,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8097650408744812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6755242347717285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolution","display_name":"Convolution (computer science)","score":0.6525119543075562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/segmentation","display_name":"Segmentation","score":0.6449382305145264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","score":0.5746892094612122},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.5740914344787598},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.5283592343330383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/residual","display_name":"Residual","score":0.5049636960029602},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object-detection","display_name":"Object detection","score":0.4946257770061493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generative-model","display_name":"Generative model","score":0.4908486008644104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.46823590993881226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-segmentation","display_name":"Image segmentation","score":0.46084877848625183},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.3941909670829773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.38979580998420715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generative-grammar","display_name":"Generative grammar","score":0.32140135765075684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.26220208406448364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.0903463065624237}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8097650408744812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6755242347717285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45347329","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5166604","display_name":"Convolution (computer science)","level":3,"score":0.6525119543075562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89600930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423946","display_name":"Segmentation","level":2,"score":0.6449382305145264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9652623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5746892094612122},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.5740914344787598},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5283592343330383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155512373","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q287450","display_name":"Residual","level":2,"score":0.5049636960029602},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776151529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3045304","display_name":"Object detection","level":3,"score":0.4946257770061493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167966045","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5532625","display_name":"Generative model","level":3,"score":0.4908486008644104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.46823590993881226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124504099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q56933","display_name":"Image segmentation","level":3,"score":0.46084877848625183},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.3941909670829773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.38979580998420715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39890363","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36108","display_name":"Generative grammar","level":2,"score":0.32140135765075684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.26220208406448364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0903463065624237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202444582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863","display_name":"Pure mathematics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3101247","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3101247","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9312710/09502068.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:b0b2905eaac6477ab2ef9d0c10b9b0ad","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/b0b2905eaac6477ab2ef9d0c10b9b0ad","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 9, Pp 108162-108174 (2021)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3101247","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3101247","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9312710/09502068.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4162480479","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2572020DY12","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327584","funder_display_name":"Central University Basic Scientific Research Business Expenses Special Funds"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327584","display_name":"Central University Basic Scientific Research Business Expenses Special Funds","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3191708616.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3191708616.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":49,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W639708223","https://openalex.org/W1589935349","https://openalex.org/W1686810756","https://openalex.org/W1861492603","https://openalex.org/W2027131580","https://openalex.org/W2028695946","https://openalex.org/W2072007842","https://openalex.org/W2178525996","https://openalex.org/W2193145675","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2549139847","https://openalex.org/W2565639579","https://openalex.org/W2593463577","https://openalex.org/W2601564443","https://openalex.org/W2607037079","https://openalex.org/W2613718673","https://openalex.org/W2752782242","https://openalex.org/W2768984829","https://openalex.org/W2796347433","https://openalex.org/W2806070179","https://openalex.org/W2884561390","https://openalex.org/W2921598903","https://openalex.org/W2938671123","https://openalex.org/W2947218904","https://openalex.org/W2954996726","https://openalex.org/W2962721361","https://openalex.org/W2962793481","https://openalex.org/W2963446712","https://openalex.org/W2963516811","https://openalex.org/W2964241181","https://openalex.org/W2966926453","https://openalex.org/W2970648063","https://openalex.org/W2986442261","https://openalex.org/W2998508940","https://openalex.org/W3011722050","https://openalex.org/W3012478585","https://openalex.org/W3014030691","https://openalex.org/W3033221398","https://openalex.org/W3045730561","https://openalex.org/W3047236570","https://openalex.org/W3086841682","https://openalex.org/W3097740275","https://openalex.org/W3106250896","https://openalex.org/W3126236051","https://openalex.org/W3163928685","https://openalex.org/W4293584584","https://openalex.org/W6637373629","https://openalex.org/W6750227808","https://openalex.org/W6763169581"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4365211920","https://openalex.org/W3014948380","https://openalex.org/W4391584540","https://openalex.org/W4380551139","https://openalex.org/W4317695495","https://openalex.org/W4395044357","https://openalex.org/W4287117424","https://openalex.org/W4387506531","https://openalex.org/W2087346071","https://openalex.org/W2967848559"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,114],"detection":[1,67,211],"of":[2,14,41,56,74,108,130,154,167,199],"wood":[3,221],"defects":[4,42,57,133,182],"plays":[5],"an":[6,65],"important":[7],"role":[8],"in":[9,24,27,76,197],"the":[10,16,39,50,53,72,106,128,155,165,168,171,188,194],"processing":[11],"and":[12,45,49,61,134,176,180,201,216],"production":[13],"wood,":[15],"deep":[17],"learning":[18],"methods":[19,218],"have":[20],"achieved":[21,150],"outstanding":[22],"results":[23],"this":[25],"field":[26,148],"recent":[28],"years.":[29],"There":[30],"are":[31,102],"still":[32],"two":[33],"unresolved":[34],"problems,":[35],"one":[36],"is":[37,43,52,69,89,124,149,160,174,205],"that":[38,187],"category":[40],"unbalanced":[44],"difficult":[46,109],"to":[47,91,104,111,126,162,178,208],"obtain,":[48],"other":[51,217],"effective":[54],"modeling":[55,131],"with":[58],"different":[59],"sizes":[60],"irregular":[62,132],"shapes.":[63],"Here":[64],"alternative":[66],"method":[68],"proposed.":[70],"For":[71],"problem":[73,107],"imbalance":[75],"defect":[77],"categories,":[78],"a":[79,145],"generative":[80,85],"data":[81,99],"augmentation":[82,100],"method,":[83],"cycle":[84],"adversarial":[86],"network":[87,121],"(GAN),":[88],"used":[90,103,161,177],"generate":[92],"new":[93],"defective":[94,112],"images,":[95],"while":[96,157],"seven":[97],"online":[98],"schemes":[101],"solve":[105],"access":[110],"data.":[113],"layered":[115,140],"deformable":[116,158],"mask":[117],"region-based":[118],"convolutional":[119],"neural":[120],"(Mask":[122],"R-CNN)":[123],"constructed":[125],"address":[127],"challenges":[129],"contextual":[135],"information":[136],"extraction.":[137],"By":[138],"creating":[139],"connections":[141],"between":[142],"residual":[143],"modules,":[144],"larger":[146],"receptive":[147],"at":[151],"each":[152],"layer":[153],"network,":[156],"convolution":[159],"better":[163,192],"fit":[164],"shape":[166],"defects.":[169,222],"Finally,":[170],"upgraded":[172],"model":[173,190,196],"trained":[175],"locate":[179],"segment":[181],"simultaneously.":[183],"Ablation":[184],"experiments":[185],"show":[186],"enhanced":[189],"performs":[191],"than":[193],"original":[195],"terms":[198],"localization":[200],"segmentation.":[202],"Meanwhile,":[203],"it":[204],"excellent":[206],"relative":[207],"baseline":[209],"object":[210],"algorithms,":[212,215],"instance":[213],"segmentation":[214],"for":[219],"detecting":[220]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T14:29:43.386196","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}