{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3183912182","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3100779","title":"An Empirical Investigation of Factors Causing Scope Creep in Agile Global Software Development Context: A Conceptual Model for Project Managers","display_name":"An Empirical Investigation of Factors Causing Scope Creep in Agile Global Software Development Context: A Conceptual Model for Project Managers","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3183912182","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3100779","mag":"3183912182"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3100779","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3100779","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9312710/09499039.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9312710/09499039.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048614948","display_name":"Farwah Aizaz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2240-0913"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16076960","display_name":"COMSATS University Islamabad","ror":"https://ror.org/00nqqvk19","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16076960"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Farwah Aizaz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, COMSATS University Islamabad (CUI), Islamabad, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2240-0913","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, COMSATS University Islamabad (CUI), Islamabad, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16076960"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048347248","display_name":"Saif Ur Rehman Khan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9643-6858"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16076960","display_name":"COMSATS University Islamabad","ror":"https://ror.org/00nqqvk19","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16076960"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Saif Ur Rehman Khan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, COMSATS University Islamabad (CUI), Islamabad, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9643-6858","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, COMSATS University Islamabad (CUI), Islamabad, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16076960"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024881510","display_name":"Junaid Ali Khan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0774-0541"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16076960","display_name":"COMSATS University Islamabad","ror":"https://ror.org/00nqqvk19","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16076960"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Junaid Ali Khan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, COMSATS University Islamabad (CUI), Islamabad, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0774-0541","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, COMSATS University Islamabad (CUI), Islamabad, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16076960"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016653750","display_name":"Inayat Ur Rehman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8930-3793"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16076960","display_name":"COMSATS University Islamabad","ror":"https://ror.org/00nqqvk19","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16076960"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Inayat-Ur-Rehman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, COMSATS University Islamabad (CUI), Islamabad, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8930-3793","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, COMSATS University Islamabad (CUI), Islamabad, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16076960"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035884247","display_name":"Adnan Akhunzada","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8370-9290"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161371597","display_name":"Universiti of Malaysia Sabah","ror":"https://ror.org/040v70252","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161371597"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Adnan Akhunzada","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Computing and Informatics, University Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Computing and Informatics, University Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161371597"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":5.1209,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":25,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95557051,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":null,"first_page":"109166","last_page":"109195"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10430","display_name":"Software Engineering Techniques and Practices","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10430","display_name":"Software Engineering Techniques and Practices","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.996999979019165,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12423","display_name":"Software Reliability and Analysis Research","score":0.9886000156402588,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scope","display_name":"Scope (computer science)","score":0.7632488012313843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/agile-software-development","display_name":"Agile software development","score":0.7073783874511719},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.5569799542427063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process-management","display_name":"Process management","score":0.5112874507904053},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4331378638744354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/knowledge-management","display_name":"Knowledge management","score":0.33833926916122437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.3358843922615051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/risk-analysis","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","score":0.32732343673706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-engineering","display_name":"Software engineering","score":0.08727341890335083}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778012447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1034415","display_name":"Scope (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.7632488012313843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14185376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30232","display_name":"Agile software development","level":2,"score":0.7073783874511719},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.5569799542427063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195094911","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14167904","display_name":"Process management","level":1,"score":0.5112874507904053},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4331378638744354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56739046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192060","display_name":"Knowledge management","level":1,"score":0.33833926916122437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.3358843922615051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112930515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4389547","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","level":1,"score":0.32732343673706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.08727341890335083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3100779","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3100779","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9312710/09499039.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:e39bcfbbf9d544cf9fb09c0316649739","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/e39bcfbbf9d544cf9fb09c0316649739","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 9, Pp 109166-109195 (2021)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3100779","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3100779","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9312710/09499039.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.5}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320311330","display_name":"COMSATS Institute of Information Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00nqqvk19"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3183912182.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3183912182.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":96,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1594149596","https://openalex.org/W1705791626","https://openalex.org/W1942989796","https://openalex.org/W1970633070","https://openalex.org/W1994217883","https://openalex.org/W2022978745","https://openalex.org/W2034141145","https://openalex.org/W2037367439","https://openalex.org/W2052942525","https://openalex.org/W2058303331","https://openalex.org/W2062786115","https://openalex.org/W2070715538","https://openalex.org/W2106741969","https://openalex.org/W2106956101","https://openalex.org/W2109905539","https://openalex.org/W2128223119","https://openalex.org/W2134164249","https://openalex.org/W2143604696","https://openalex.org/W2149741446","https://openalex.org/W2158221468","https://openalex.org/W2162172937","https://openalex.org/W2167786744","https://openalex.org/W2168894761","https://openalex.org/W2182355763","https://openalex.org/W2187678197","https://openalex.org/W2210218563","https://openalex.org/W2241655287","https://openalex.org/W2255499315","https://openalex.org/W2278284621","https://openalex.org/W2294788101","https://openalex.org/W2322347405","https://openalex.org/W2334586694","https://openalex.org/W2336324030","https://openalex.org/W2484645307","https://openalex.org/W2525088221","https://openalex.org/W2548210106","https://openalex.org/W2553059131","https://openalex.org/W2560701967","https://openalex.org/W2568312884","https://openalex.org/W2597156934","https://openalex.org/W2615426805","https://openalex.org/W2640924070","https://openalex.org/W2728177284","https://openalex.org/W2737041675","https://openalex.org/W2761908059","https://openalex.org/W2765912034","https://openalex.org/W2768778850","https://openalex.org/W2809806748","https://openalex.org/W2896852404","https://openalex.org/W2897084671","https://openalex.org/W2904171551","https://openalex.org/W2915405101","https://openalex.org/W2944286623","https://openalex.org/W2949873008","https://openalex.org/W2970832529","https://openalex.org/W2979483336","https://openalex.org/W2989643642","https://openalex.org/W2992722074","https://openalex.org/W2993328635","https://openalex.org/W2996033920","https://openalex.org/W3002287032","https://openalex.org/W3004525887","https://openalex.org/W3035650442","https://openalex.org/W3035725321","https://openalex.org/W3039255654","https://openalex.org/W3041748838","https://openalex.org/W3082276242","https://openalex.org/W3101881833","https://openalex.org/W3106382539","https://openalex.org/W3125218975","https://openalex.org/W3128560803","https://openalex.org/W3204717727","https://openalex.org/W4232950577","https://openalex.org/W4234461907","https://openalex.org/W4246107500","https://openalex.org/W4246669140","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W6678849303","https://openalex.org/W6683706964","https://openalex.org/W6685785924","https://openalex.org/W6686711090","https://openalex.org/W6745031559","https://openalex.org/W6746204790","https://openalex.org/W6756672046","https://openalex.org/W6759201962","https://openalex.org/W6762801174","https://openalex.org/W6763412813","https://openalex.org/W6767630862","https://openalex.org/W6770299786","https://openalex.org/W6770868861","https://openalex.org/W6779285171","https://openalex.org/W6779704287","https://openalex.org/W6780222082","https://openalex.org/W6790079078","https://openalex.org/W6802940187","https://openalex.org/W7039498730"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4241523039","https://openalex.org/W178231042","https://openalex.org/W2360028903","https://openalex.org/W4280543773","https://openalex.org/W2366083136","https://openalex.org/W2387622493","https://openalex.org/W1932132538","https://openalex.org/W2357832196","https://openalex.org/W1566252468","https://openalex.org/W2362452928"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Scope":[0],"creep":[1,153,169,188,208,239,258],"is":[2,34,162,291],"considered":[3],"as":[4,54],"one":[5],"of":[6,13,42,85,174,192,237,308],"the":[7,11,24,31,49,62,68,83,86,90,105,127,130,133,140,144,172,184,190,196,201,225,234,241,246,249,261,267,273,286,305,311,316,322],"crucial":[8],"reasons":[9],"for":[10,256],"failure":[12],"traditional":[14],"software":[15,283],"development":[16,63],"projects.":[17],"The":[18,40,109,229,300],"ability":[19],"to":[20,37,47,67,136,165,205,223,259,264],"manage":[21],"and":[22,72,107,138,219,276,296],"control":[23,279],"change":[25,77,98,278],"elements":[26],"on":[27,82,95,104,125,167,245,281],"a":[28,35,163,215,253,282,297],"project,":[29],"particularly":[30],"project":[32,38,88,91,274,312],"scope,":[33],"key":[36],"success.":[39],"notion":[41],"agile":[43,121,262],"process":[44],"was":[45],"introduced":[46],"tackle":[48],"scope":[50,55,97,152,168,187,207,238,257,268],"change-related":[51],"challenges":[52,236],"such":[53],"creep.":[56],"By":[57],"adopting":[58],"an":[59,220],"agile-footed":[60],"process,":[61],"organizations":[64],"can":[65],"react":[66],"consistent":[69],"market":[70],"changes":[71],"client":[73],"requests.":[74],"However,":[75],"continuous":[76],"accommodation":[78],"may":[79],"negatively":[80],"impact":[81,103],"success":[84,275],"targeted":[87,197],"since":[89],"manager":[92,313],"mainly":[93],"focuses":[94],"controlling":[96],"rather":[99],"than":[100],"analyzing":[101],"its":[102],"cost":[106],"quality.":[108],"agile-process":[110],"advocates":[111],"have":[112],"accepted":[113],"that":[114],"this":[115],"situation":[116],"could":[117,314],"happen":[118],"even":[119],"following":[120],"methodology,":[122],"which":[123,270],"prompts":[124],"compromising":[126],"quality,":[128],"postponed":[129],"plans,":[131],"increases":[132,272],"cost,":[134],"plan":[135],"modify,":[137],"diminished":[139],"consumer":[141],"loyalty.":[142],"Additionally,":[143],"scope-related":[145],"challenge":[146],"significantly":[147],"increases,":[148],"especially":[149],"when":[150],"managing":[151],"in":[154,171,189,210],"Global":[155],"Software":[156],"Development":[157],"(GSD)":[158],"context.":[159,212],"Thus,":[160],"there":[161],"need":[164],"focus":[166],"factors":[170,185],"context":[173,191],"AGSD.":[175,193],"Motivated":[176],"by":[177,320],"this,":[178],"current":[179,202,230,250],"work":[180,251],"aims":[181],"at":[182],"identifying":[183],"causing":[186],"To":[194],"achieve":[195],"objectives,":[198],"we":[199],"reported":[200],"state-of-the-art":[203],"related":[204],"existing":[206],"models":[209],"AGSD":[211],"We":[213],"performed":[214],"systematic":[216],"literature":[217],"review":[218],"empirical":[221],"study":[222,231],"address":[224],"formulated":[226],"research":[227],"questions.":[228],"also":[232],"identifies":[233],"additional":[235,306],"from":[240],"industrial":[242],"perspective.":[243],"Based":[244],"obtained":[247,301],"results,":[248],"proposes":[252],"conceptual":[254,288],"model":[255],"assist":[260],"practitioners":[263],"effectively":[265],"handle":[266],"creep,":[269],"ultimately":[271],"forecasts":[277],"effect":[280],"project.":[284],"Moreover,":[285],"proposed":[287,323],"model\u2019s":[289],"effectiveness":[290],"validated":[292],"through":[293],"expert":[294],"judgment":[295],"case":[298],"study.":[299],"promising":[302],"results":[303],"ensure":[304],"aspects":[307],"AGSD;":[309],"hence,":[310],"overcome":[315],"project\u2019s":[317],"overall":[318],"risk":[319],"implementing":[321],"model.":[324]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":8}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}