{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3184138765","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3100676","title":"Multi-Node Vehicular Wireless Channels: Measurements, Large Vehicle Modeling, and Hardware-in-the-Loop Evaluation","display_name":"Multi-Node Vehicular Wireless Channels: Measurements, Large Vehicle Modeling, and Hardware-in-the-Loop Evaluation","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3184138765","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3100676","mag":"3184138765"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3100676","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3100676","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9312710/09499041.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9312710/09499041.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075723633","display_name":"Stefan Zelenbaba","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5561-2379"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I132118926","display_name":"Austrian Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04knbh022","country_code":"AT","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I132118926"]}],"countries":["AT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Stefan Zelenbaba","raw_affiliation_strings":["AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Vienna, Austria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Vienna, Austria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I132118926"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082997621","display_name":"Benjamin Rainer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1954-019X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I132118926","display_name":"Austrian Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04knbh022","country_code":"AT","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I132118926"]}],"countries":["AT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Benjamin Rainer","raw_affiliation_strings":["AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Vienna, Austria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Vienna, Austria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I132118926"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059757855","display_name":"Markus Hofer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1915-9869"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I132118926","display_name":"Austrian Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04knbh022","country_code":"AT","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I132118926"]}],"countries":["AT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Markus Hofer","raw_affiliation_strings":["AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Vienna, Austria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Vienna, Austria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I132118926"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084838805","display_name":"David L\u00f6schenbrand","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9165-8355"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I132118926","display_name":"Austrian Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04knbh022","country_code":"AT","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I132118926"]}],"countries":["AT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David Loschenbrand","raw_affiliation_strings":["AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Vienna, Austria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Vienna, Austria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I132118926"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054871687","display_name":"Anja Daki\u0107","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2088-8935"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I132118926","display_name":"Austrian Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04knbh022","country_code":"AT","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I132118926"]}],"countries":["AT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anja Dakic","raw_affiliation_strings":["AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Vienna, Austria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Vienna, Austria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I132118926"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074417899","display_name":"Laura Bernad\u00f3","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4816-7101"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I132118926","display_name":"Austrian Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04knbh022","country_code":"AT","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I132118926"]}],"countries":["AT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Laura Bernado","raw_affiliation_strings":["AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Vienna, Austria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Vienna, Austria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I132118926"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037351216","display_name":"Thomas Zemen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9392-9155"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I132118926","display_name":"Austrian Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04knbh022","country_code":"AT","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I132118926"]}],"countries":["AT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Thomas Zemen","raw_affiliation_strings":["AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Vienna, Austria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Vienna, Austria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I132118926"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5075723633"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I132118926"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":1.0169,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":12,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.75794962,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":null,"first_page":"112439","last_page":"112453"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10761","display_name":"Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs)","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10761","display_name":"Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs)","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10936","display_name":"Millimeter-Wave Propagation and Modeling","score":0.9973000288009644,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11932","display_name":"Wireless Body Area Networks","score":0.9908999800682068,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7125697731971741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.7057485580444336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.6564238667488098},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/node","display_name":"Node (physics)","score":0.6314986348152161},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.57639479637146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel-sounding","display_name":"Channel sounding","score":0.549764096736908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/path-loss","display_name":"Path loss","score":0.5358871817588806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/delay-spread","display_name":"Delay spread","score":0.5232340693473816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-packet","display_name":"Network packet","score":0.4877837300300598},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless-network","display_name":"Wireless network","score":0.4316113293170929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simulation","display_name":"Simulation","score":0.3883536458015442},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.3793206810951233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fading","display_name":"Fading","score":0.2710988521575928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.23849183320999146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.14688196778297424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mimo","display_name":"MIMO","score":0.1105489432811737}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7125697731971741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.7057485580444336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.6564238667488098},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62611344","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1062658","display_name":"Node (physics)","level":2,"score":0.6314986348152161},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.57639479637146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781127089","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25051821","display_name":"Channel sounding","level":4,"score":0.549764096736908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194273485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1478845","display_name":"Path loss","level":3,"score":0.5358871817588806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49456836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q666814","display_name":"Delay spread","level":4,"score":0.5232340693473816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158379750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214111","display_name":"Network packet","level":2,"score":0.4877837300300598},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108037233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11375","display_name":"Wireless network","level":3,"score":0.4316113293170929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44154836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45045","display_name":"Simulation","level":1,"score":0.3883536458015442},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.3793206810951233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81978471","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1196572","display_name":"Fading","level":3,"score":0.2710988521575928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.23849183320999146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.14688196778297424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207987634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176862","display_name":"MIMO","level":3,"score":0.1105489432811737},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66938386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633538","display_name":"Structural engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3100676","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3100676","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9312710/09499041.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:aece1225440b4d65b910e4b988a9caa8","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/aece1225440b4d65b910e4b988a9caa8","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 9, Pp 112439-112453 (2021)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3100676","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3100676","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9312710/09499041.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","score":0.5199999809265137}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6704971192","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"737422","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327207","funder_display_name":"Electronic Components and Systems for European Leadership"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323031","display_name":"\u00d6sterreichische Forschungsf\u00f6rderungsgesellschaft","ror":"https://ror.org/028jc0449"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323863","display_name":"Austrian Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04knbh022"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327207","display_name":"Electronic Components and Systems for European Leadership","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3184138765.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3184138765.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":46,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1746230456","https://openalex.org/W1968869252","https://openalex.org/W2006510298","https://openalex.org/W2067890240","https://openalex.org/W2068349748","https://openalex.org/W2079028130","https://openalex.org/W2081898451","https://openalex.org/W2085405697","https://openalex.org/W2086642708","https://openalex.org/W2109155033","https://openalex.org/W2112477638","https://openalex.org/W2113450151","https://openalex.org/W2116459151","https://openalex.org/W2135144584","https://openalex.org/W2143430176","https://openalex.org/W2147461281","https://openalex.org/W2151934305","https://openalex.org/W2155722796","https://openalex.org/W2167208435","https://openalex.org/W2171596170","https://openalex.org/W2460751095","https://openalex.org/W2596845409","https://openalex.org/W2741931273","https://openalex.org/W2894953448","https://openalex.org/W2904343741","https://openalex.org/W2906555930","https://openalex.org/W2913137911","https://openalex.org/W2936353767","https://openalex.org/W2983048931","https://openalex.org/W3000659035","https://openalex.org/W3013995260","https://openalex.org/W3033073703","https://openalex.org/W3036106121","https://openalex.org/W3113212074","https://openalex.org/W3114801355","https://openalex.org/W3128015852","https://openalex.org/W3130163583","https://openalex.org/W4239442377","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W6637636938","https://openalex.org/W6677024267","https://openalex.org/W6685199232","https://openalex.org/W6755497096","https://openalex.org/W6787567250","https://openalex.org/W6787658048","https://openalex.org/W6790913003"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1574430796","https://openalex.org/W4395664838","https://openalex.org/W1592910982","https://openalex.org/W2115853370","https://openalex.org/W2983810352","https://openalex.org/W2155477820","https://openalex.org/W2393378091","https://openalex.org/W2778011873","https://openalex.org/W2141156390","https://openalex.org/W1995314719"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Understanding":[0],"multi-node":[1,50],"vehicular":[2,51],"wireless":[3,31,52,152],"communication":[4,32,153],"channels":[5,33,154],"is":[6,57,96,211],"crucial":[7],"for":[8,13,72,102,146,198,221],"future":[9],"time-sensitive":[10],"safety":[11],"applications":[12],"human-piloted":[14],"as":[15,17],"well":[16],"partly":[18],"autonomous":[19],"vehicles":[20,85],"on":[21],"roads,":[22],"railways":[23],"and":[24,86,149,155,181,194,215],"in":[25,158],"the":[26,46,103,115,125,128,139,147,150,162,165,171,174,182,201,213,224],"air.":[27],"These":[28],"highly":[29],"dynamic":[30],"are":[34,70],"characterized":[35],"by":[36,187],"rapidly":[37],"changing":[38],"channel":[39,53,63,111,117,122,135],"statistics.":[40],"In":[41],"this":[42],"paper":[43],"we":[44,137],"present":[45],"first":[47],"fully":[48],"mobile":[49],"sounding":[54],"system,":[55],"which":[56],"capable":[58],"of":[59,133,143,200,218,223],"simultaneously":[60],"capturing":[61],"multiple":[62,84],"frequency":[64],"responses,":[65],"ensuring":[66],"that":[67,170],"measurement":[68,94,129],"conditions":[69],"identical":[71],"all":[73],"observed":[74],"links.":[75],"We":[76,113,168],"use":[77],"it":[78],"to":[79,98,160],"analyze":[80],"road":[81],"scenarios":[82],"with":[83,124],"a":[87,100,108,134],"large":[88,104],"obstructing":[89,105],"double-decker":[90],"bus.":[91],"The":[92,205],"empirical":[93],"data":[95,210],"used":[97],"parametrize":[99],"model":[101,123,163,220],"vehicle":[106],"within":[107,212],"geometry-based":[109],"stochastic":[110],"model.":[112],"compare":[114,156],"time-variant":[116],"statistics":[118],"obtained":[119,207],"from":[120,127,208],"our":[121,219],"ones":[126],"campaign.":[130],"By":[131],"means":[132],"emulator":[136],"obtain":[138],"packet":[140],"error":[141],"rates":[142],"commercial":[144],"modems":[145],"measured":[148,209],"simulated":[151],"them,":[157],"order":[159],"validate":[161],"at":[164],"link":[166],"level.":[167],"find":[169],"path":[172],"loss,":[173],"root":[175],"mean":[176],"square":[177],"(RMS)":[178],"delay":[179],"spread,":[180],"RMS":[183],"Doppler":[184],"spread":[185],"deviate":[186],"less":[188],"than":[189],"3.6":[190],"dB,":[191],"78":[192],"ns,":[193],"52":[195],"Hz,":[196],"respectively,":[197],"80%":[199],"total":[202],"simulation":[203,225],"duration.":[204,226],"PER":[206],"maximum":[214],"minimum":[216],"bounds":[217],"86%":[222]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-05-06T08:25:59.206177","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
