{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3183831854","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3099255","title":"Development and Assessment of Improved Global Pressure and Temperature Series Models","display_name":"Development and Assessment of Improved Global Pressure and Temperature Series Models","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3183831854","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3099255","mag":"3183831854"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3099255","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3099255","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9312710/09493182.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9312710/09493182.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082749812","display_name":"Jian Mao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5562-1590"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I15062923","display_name":"Tianjin Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/05x2td559","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I15062923"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jian Mao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Geographic and Environmental Sciences, Tianjin Normal University, Xiqing, Tianjin, China","Tianjin Engineering Center for Geospatial Information Technology, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5562-1590","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geographic and Environmental Sciences, Tianjin Normal University, Xiqing, Tianjin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I15062923"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tianjin Engineering Center for Geospatial Information Technology, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I15062923"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050027936","display_name":"Junyang Han","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5007-3772"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I15062923","display_name":"Tianjin Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/05x2td559","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I15062923"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Junyang Han","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Geographic and Environmental Sciences, Tianjin Normal University, Xiqing, Tianjin, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5007-3772","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geographic and Environmental Sciences, Tianjin Normal University, Xiqing, Tianjin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I15062923"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100686944","display_name":"Tiejun Cui","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5417-7931"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I15062923","display_name":"Tianjin Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/05x2td559","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I15062923"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tiejun Cui","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Geographic and Environmental Sciences, Tianjin Normal University, Xiqing, Tianjin, China","Tianjin Engineering Center for Geospatial Information Technology, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5417-7931","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geographic and Environmental Sciences, Tianjin Normal University, Xiqing, Tianjin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I15062923"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tianjin Engineering Center for Geospatial Information Technology, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I15062923"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I15062923"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":4.2704,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95078103,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":null,"first_page":"104429","last_page":"104447"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10655","display_name":"GNSS positioning and interference","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10655","display_name":"GNSS positioning and interference","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10159","display_name":"Ionosphere and magnetosphere dynamics","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11405","display_name":"Geophysics and Gravity Measurements","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1910","display_name":"Oceanography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lapse-rate","display_name":"Lapse rate","score":0.7157211303710938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/zenith","display_name":"Zenith","score":0.7056057453155518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.6607863903045654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/troposphere","display_name":"Troposphere","score":0.6141607761383057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/meteorology","display_name":"Meteorology","score":0.6021401882171631},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geodetic-datum","display_name":"Geodetic datum","score":0.54213947057724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gnss-applications","display_name":"GNSS applications","score":0.5081379413604736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/numerical-weather-prediction","display_name":"Numerical weather prediction","score":0.48914840817451477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/atmospheric-model","display_name":"Atmospheric model","score":0.4739256799221039},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/series","display_name":"Series (stratigraphy)","score":0.4335043430328369},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/empirical-modelling","display_name":"Empirical modelling","score":0.42800015211105347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/climatology","display_name":"Climatology","score":0.37878555059432983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.29083549976348877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geodesy","display_name":"Geodesy","score":0.2888515293598175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/global-positioning-system","display_name":"Global Positioning System","score":0.19584056735038757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.18516331911087036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.12051841616630554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simulation","display_name":"Simulation","score":0.11731305718421936}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186816422","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q66900467","display_name":"Lapse rate","level":2,"score":0.7157211303710938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53970728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82806","display_name":"Zenith","level":2,"score":0.7056057453155518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.6607863903045654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9075549","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40631","display_name":"Troposphere","level":2,"score":0.6141607761383057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.6021401882171631},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58754882","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1502887","display_name":"Geodetic datum","level":2,"score":0.54213947057724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14279187","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5514012","display_name":"GNSS applications","level":3,"score":0.5081379413604736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147947694","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837552","display_name":"Numerical weather prediction","level":2,"score":0.48914840817451477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118365302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4817115","display_name":"Atmospheric model","level":2,"score":0.4739256799221039},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143724316","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q312468","display_name":"Series (stratigraphy)","level":2,"score":0.4335043430328369},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133199616","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25386885","display_name":"Empirical modelling","level":2,"score":0.42800015211105347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49204034","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52139","display_name":"Climatology","level":1,"score":0.37878555059432983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.29083549976348877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.2888515293598175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60229501","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18822","display_name":"Global Positioning System","level":2,"score":0.19584056735038757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.18516331911087036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.12051841616630554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44154836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45045","display_name":"Simulation","level":1,"score":0.11731305718421936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3099255","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3099255","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9312710/09493182.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:e226ea3ac31447388733e6f24511bf84","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/e226ea3ac31447388733e6f24511bf84","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 9, Pp 104429-104447 (2021)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3099255","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3099255","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9312710/09493182.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Climate action","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13","score":0.4300000071525574}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320310258","display_name":"University of Wyoming","ror":"https://ror.org/01485tq96"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320331771","display_name":"European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts","ror":"https://ror.org/014w0fd65"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3183831854.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3183831854.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":34,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1480762401","https://openalex.org/W1513885519","https://openalex.org/W1519855838","https://openalex.org/W1535176033","https://openalex.org/W1583174948","https://openalex.org/W1968427495","https://openalex.org/W1983985357","https://openalex.org/W1984123740","https://openalex.org/W1993613883","https://openalex.org/W1999614478","https://openalex.org/W2042435616","https://openalex.org/W2052637687","https://openalex.org/W2080536822","https://openalex.org/W2081182187","https://openalex.org/W2109516365","https://openalex.org/W2159711954","https://openalex.org/W2284447156","https://openalex.org/W2557754465","https://openalex.org/W2568787863","https://openalex.org/W2605301990","https://openalex.org/W2755346628","https://openalex.org/W2766326498","https://openalex.org/W2896213505","https://openalex.org/W2899306094","https://openalex.org/W2944874508","https://openalex.org/W2966127210","https://openalex.org/W2998530089","https://openalex.org/W3005719930","https://openalex.org/W3006905438","https://openalex.org/W3012319900","https://openalex.org/W3014107409","https://openalex.org/W3125574718","https://openalex.org/W3130148077","https://openalex.org/W6628546374"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2559626643","https://openalex.org/W2966127210","https://openalex.org/W2103513839","https://openalex.org/W1611945558","https://openalex.org/W4200006094","https://openalex.org/W2067749919","https://openalex.org/W1892175952","https://openalex.org/W1978360812","https://openalex.org/W4310830080","https://openalex.org/W2714628671"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Global":[0],"pressure":[1,109,128],"and":[2,37,50,101,110,123,170,206,235],"temperature":[3,79,111,119,166],"(GPT)":[4],"series":[5,30,68,113],"models":[6,69,105,114,135,141,181,218,263],"can":[7,219],"provide":[8],"the":[9,42,46,66,73,78,83,94,103,133,139,146,162,168,179,194,222,232,236,242,247,250,258,261,265],"underlying":[10],"meteorological":[11,19,36,57],"parameters":[12,58],"for":[13,28,62,82,97,198],"tropospheric":[14,184],"corrections":[15],"without":[16],"any":[17],"other":[18],"observations,":[20],"which":[21,154],"allows":[22],"them":[23],"to":[24,41,106,157,160,268],"be":[25],"widely":[26],"used":[27],"a":[29,53,117,124],"of":[31,56,89,127,132,165,178,224,241,249,260],"geodetic":[32],"as":[33,35],"well":[34],"climatological":[38],"purposes.":[39],"Due":[40],"height":[43,49,152,234],"difference":[44],"between":[45,231],"empirical":[47],"model":[48,122,251],"user":[51],"location,":[52],"vertical":[54,74,84],"correction":[55],"is":[59,155],"inevitable,":[60],"particularly":[61,149,226],"airborne":[63],"users.":[64],"Unfortunately,":[65],"GPT":[67,104,147],"have":[70,142],"limitations":[71],"on":[72,173],"correction.":[75],"We":[76],"explored":[77],"lapse":[80,120],"rate":[81,121],"adjustment":[85],"using":[86],"10":[87],"years":[88],"reanalysis":[90],"data":[91,205],"provided":[92],"by":[93,115,191],"National":[95],"Centers":[96,197],"Environmental":[98],"Prediction":[99],"(NCEP),":[100],"extended":[102],"improved":[107],"global":[108],"(IGPT)":[112],"introducing":[116],"new":[118,125,217],"formulation":[126],"reduction.":[129],"An":[130],"evaluation":[131],"IGPT":[134,140,180,262],"expression":[136],"determines":[137],"that":[138,215],"better":[143],"accuracy":[144,223],"than":[145],"models,":[148],"under":[150],"large":[151],"differences,":[153],"attributed":[156],"their":[158],"ability":[159],"consider":[161],"real":[163],"behavior":[164],"in":[167,182,252],"atmosphere":[169],"adiabatic":[171],"effects":[172],"air":[174],"pressure.":[175],"The":[176,212],"performance":[177,248],"zenith":[183],"delay":[185],"(ZTD)":[186],"estimations":[187],"was":[188],"also":[189,256],"evaluated":[190],"comparison":[192],"with":[193],"fifth-generation":[195],"European":[196],"Medium-Range":[199],"Weather":[200],"Forecasts":[201],"(ECMWF)":[202],"Re-Analysis":[203],"(ERA5)":[204],"International":[207],"GNSS":[208],"Service":[209],"(IGS)":[210],"data.":[211],"results":[213],"confirm":[214],"our":[216],"effectively":[220],"improve":[221],"ZTDs,":[225],"at":[227],"larger":[228],"altitude":[229],"differences":[230],"target":[233],"corresponding":[237],"four":[238],"grid":[239],"points":[240],"model,":[243],"not":[244],"only":[245],"enhancing":[246],"complex":[253],"terrain":[254],"but":[255],"extending":[257],"feasibility":[259],"from":[264],"Earth's":[266],"surface":[267],"higher":[269],"altitudes.":[270]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}