{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3185080645","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3098951","title":"A Trajectory-Driven 3D Channel Model for Human Activity Recognition","display_name":"A Trajectory-Driven 3D Channel Model for Human Activity Recognition","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3185080645","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3098951","mag":"3185080645"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3098951","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3098951","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9312710/09492038.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9312710/09492038.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054131352","display_name":"Ahmed Abdelgawwad","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8914-1242"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200650556","display_name":"University of Agder","ror":"https://ror.org/03x297z98","country_code":"NO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200650556"]}],"countries":["NO"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ahmed Abdelgawwad","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Engineering and Science, University of Agder, Grimstad, Norway"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Engineering and Science, University of Agder, Grimstad, Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200650556"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037993460","display_name":"Andreu Catal\u00e1","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8775-1955"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9617848","display_name":"Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Catalunya","ror":"https://ror.org/03mb6wj31","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9617848"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andreu Catala Mallofre","raw_affiliation_strings":["Technical Research Centre for Dependency Care and Autonomous Living (CETpD), Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Catalunya (UPC), Vilanova i la Geltr\u00fa, Barcelona, Spain"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Technical Research Centre for Dependency Care and Autonomous Living (CETpD), Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Catalunya (UPC), Vilanova i la Geltr\u00fa, Barcelona, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9617848"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042473673","display_name":"Matthias P\u00e4tzold","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6859-5413"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200650556","display_name":"University of Agder","ror":"https://ror.org/03x297z98","country_code":"NO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200650556"]}],"countries":["NO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Matthias Patzold","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Engineering and Science, University of Agder, Grimstad, Norway"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Engineering and Science, University of Agder, Grimstad, Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200650556"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5054131352"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200650556"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":1.0187,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":14,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.73199374,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":null,"first_page":"103393","last_page":"103406"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12740","display_name":"Gait Recognition and Analysis","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12740","display_name":"Gait Recognition and Analysis","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10812","display_name":"Human Pose and Action Recognition","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11512","display_name":"Anomaly Detection Techniques and Applications","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trajectory","display_name":"Trajectory","score":0.7092563509941101},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6830712556838989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.534403920173645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.4216783344745636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.41235288977622986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.2038322389125824}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13662910","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193139","display_name":"Trajectory","level":2,"score":0.7092563509941101},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6830712556838989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.534403920173645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.4216783344745636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.41235288977622986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.2038322389125824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1276947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333","display_name":"Astronomy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3098951","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3098951","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9312710/09492038.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:79340241c3bf4bd4a4218663c0537062","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/79340241c3bf4bd4a4218663c0537062","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 9, Pp 103393-103406 (2021)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:uia.brage.unit.no:11250/2991320","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/11250/2991320","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401716","display_name":"Duo Research Archive (University of Oslo)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I184942183","host_organization_name":"University of Oslo","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I184942183"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"103393-103406","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/other"},{"id":"pmh:oai:upcommons.upc.edu:2117/352866","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/2117/352866","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196262","display_name":"UPCommons institutional repository (Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Catalunya)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I9617848","host_organization_name":"Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Catalunya","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9617848"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3098951","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3098951","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9312710/09492038.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","score":0.6299999952316284}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2096367874","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Project","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323299","funder_display_name":"Norges Forskningsr\u00e5d"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3748656914","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Norway","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323299","funder_display_name":"Norges Forskningsr\u00e5d"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5038323655","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"261895/F20","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323299","funder_display_name":"Norges Forskningsr\u00e5d"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323299","display_name":"Norges Forskningsr\u00e5d","ror":"https://ror.org/00epmv149"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3185080645.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3185080645.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":51,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1500831240","https://openalex.org/W1861537833","https://openalex.org/W1983705368","https://openalex.org/W2007923311","https://openalex.org/W2032548678","https://openalex.org/W2048508162","https://openalex.org/W2051047008","https://openalex.org/W2055590061","https://openalex.org/W2067040941","https://openalex.org/W2085731903","https://openalex.org/W2089695767","https://openalex.org/W2093540532","https://openalex.org/W2093823111","https://openalex.org/W2099805216","https://openalex.org/W2105315914","https://openalex.org/W2111986491","https://openalex.org/W2115144768","https://openalex.org/W2121299011","https://openalex.org/W2124609194","https://openalex.org/W2158578023","https://openalex.org/W2195342085","https://openalex.org/W2469690627","https://openalex.org/W2517331439","https://openalex.org/W2529005704","https://openalex.org/W2563851357","https://openalex.org/W2599723865","https://openalex.org/W2746870488","https://openalex.org/W2786238268","https://openalex.org/W2786312799","https://openalex.org/W2793345836","https://openalex.org/W2883703231","https://openalex.org/W2891278391","https://openalex.org/W2899973331","https://openalex.org/W2900436382","https://openalex.org/W2903086874","https://openalex.org/W2911053187","https://openalex.org/W2940010537","https://openalex.org/W2945882749","https://openalex.org/W2948388672","https://openalex.org/W2964192401","https://openalex.org/W2973811393","https://openalex.org/W2974484813","https://openalex.org/W2979608106","https://openalex.org/W2981343070","https://openalex.org/W3006252679","https://openalex.org/W3006566007","https://openalex.org/W3040594715","https://openalex.org/W3154732924","https://openalex.org/W4242292805","https://openalex.org/W6664465318","https://openalex.org/W6675238173"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2772917594","https://openalex.org/W2036807459","https://openalex.org/W2058170566","https://openalex.org/W2755342338","https://openalex.org/W2166024367","https://openalex.org/W3116076068","https://openalex.org/W2229312674","https://openalex.org/W2951359407","https://openalex.org/W2079911747","https://openalex.org/W1969923398"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1,25],"concerns":[2],"the":[3,31,71,86,95,113,127,149,155,159,162,204,208,220,223,234,253],"design,":[4],"analysis,":[5],"and":[6,56,76,99,143,186,210,222,233],"simulation":[7],"of":[8,34,63,79,85,112,148,161,207,228,255],"a":[9,27,61,110,131,216,241],"3D":[10,83],"non-stationary":[11,114],"channel":[12,117,177,191,231],"model":[13,111,173,192,209,232,239],"fed":[14,194],"with":[15,104,195],"inertial":[16],"measurement":[17],"unit":[18],"(IMU)":[19],"data.":[20],"The":[21,46,145,189,213,237],"work":[22],"in":[23,169],"this":[24],"provides":[26],"framework":[28],"for":[29,37,70,94,252],"simulating":[30],"micro-Doppler":[32,146,205],"signatures":[33,147],"indoor":[35],"channels":[36],"human":[38,48,256],"activity":[39,257],"recognition":[40,258],"by":[41,130,157,176],"using":[42],"radio-frequency-based":[43],"sensing":[44],"technologies.":[45],"major":[47],"body":[49],"segments,":[50],"such":[51,139],"as":[52,60,134,136,140],"wrists,":[53],"ankles,":[54],"torso,":[55],"head,":[57],"are":[58],"modelled":[59],"cluster":[62],"moving":[64,87,106,132,150],"point":[65,107],"scatterers.":[66],"We":[67,202],"provide":[68],"expressions":[69,93],"time":[72,115],"variant":[73,116],"(TV)":[74],"speed":[75],"TV":[77,96,100,224],"angles":[78],"motion":[80],"based":[81],"on":[82],"trajectories":[84],"person.":[88],"Moreover,":[89],"we":[90],"present":[91],"mathematical":[92],"Doppler":[97,226],"shifts":[98,227],"path":[101],"gains":[102],"associated":[103],"each":[105],"scatterer.":[108],"Furthermore,":[109],"transfer":[118],"function":[119],"(TV-CTF)":[120],"is":[121,152,166,174,193],"provided,":[122],"which":[123],"takes":[124],"into":[125],"account":[126],"effects":[128],"caused":[129],"person":[133,151],"well":[135],"fixed":[137],"objects,":[138],"furniture,":[141],"walls,":[142],"ceiling.":[144],"extracted":[153],"from":[154,244],"TV-CTF":[156],"employing":[158],"concept":[160],"spectrogram,":[163],"whose":[164],"expression":[165],"also":[167],"provided":[168],"closed":[170],"form.":[171],"Our":[172],"confirmed":[175],"state":[178],"information":[179],"(CSI)":[180],"measurements":[181],"taken":[182],"during":[183],"walking,":[184],"falling,":[185],"sitting":[187],"activities.":[188],"proposed":[190,238],"IMU":[196],"data":[197],"that":[198],"has":[199],"been":[200],"collected.":[201],"evaluate":[203],"signature":[206],"CSI":[211],"measurements.":[212],"results":[214],"show":[215],"good":[217],"agreement":[218],"between":[219],"spectrograms":[221],"mean":[225],"our":[229],"IMU-driven":[230],"measured":[235],"CSI.":[236],"enables":[240],"paradigm":[242],"shift":[243],"traditional":[245],"experimental-based":[246],"approaches":[247,251],"to":[248],"future":[249],"simulation-based":[250],"design":[254],"systems.":[259]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
