{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3176745692","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3093541","title":"CMNN: Coupled Modular Neural Network","display_name":"CMNN: Coupled Modular Neural Network","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3176745692","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3093541","mag":"3176745692"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3093541","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3093541","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9312710/09468686.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9312710/09468686.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081023114","display_name":"Md Intisar Chowdhury","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2483-577X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141591182","display_name":"University of Aizu","ror":"https://ror.org/02pg0e883","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141591182"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Md Intisar Chowdhury","raw_affiliation_strings":["System Intelligence Laboratory, The University of Aizu, Aizuwakamatsu, Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"System Intelligence Laboratory, The University of Aizu, Aizuwakamatsu, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141591182"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069452869","display_name":"Qiangfu Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3101-749X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141591182","display_name":"University of Aizu","ror":"https://ror.org/02pg0e883","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141591182"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qiangfu Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["System Intelligence Laboratory, The University of Aizu, Aizuwakamatsu, Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"System Intelligence Laboratory, The University of Aizu, Aizuwakamatsu, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141591182"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011672302","display_name":"Kai Su","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2044-0671"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141591182","display_name":"University of Aizu","ror":"https://ror.org/02pg0e883","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141591182"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kai Su","raw_affiliation_strings":["System Intelligence Laboratory, The University of Aizu, Aizuwakamatsu, Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"System Intelligence Laboratory, The University of Aizu, Aizuwakamatsu, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141591182"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103166030","display_name":"Yong Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6839-4769"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141591182","display_name":"University of Aizu","ror":"https://ror.org/02pg0e883","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141591182"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yong Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["System Intelligence Laboratory, The University of Aizu, Aizuwakamatsu, Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"System Intelligence Laboratory, The University of Aizu, Aizuwakamatsu, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141591182"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5081023114"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141591182"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":0.1938,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.48129781,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":null,"first_page":"93871","last_page":"93891"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12702","display_name":"Brain Tumor Detection and Classification","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2808","display_name":"Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11307","display_name":"Domain Adaptation and Few-Shot Learning","score":0.9951000213623047,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7460090517997742},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.5426360964775085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.5013260841369629},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modular-design","display_name":"Modular design","score":0.4861471354961395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graph","display_name":"Graph","score":0.47037404775619507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.34895992279052734}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7460090517997742},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.5426360964775085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.5013260841369629},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101468663","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1620158","display_name":"Modular design","level":2,"score":0.4861471354961395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132525143","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141488","display_name":"Graph","level":2,"score":0.47037404775619507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.34895992279052734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3093541","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3093541","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9312710/09468686.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:060ea740c0ad43e8825a66ac656b00c9","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/060ea740c0ad43e8825a66ac656b00c9","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 9, Pp 93871-93891 (2021)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3093541","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3093541","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9312710/09468686.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3176745692.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3176745692.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":121,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W639708223","https://openalex.org/W1536680647","https://openalex.org/W1821462560","https://openalex.org/W1901129140","https://openalex.org/W1980264541","https://openalex.org/W1988790447","https://openalex.org/W1997547570","https://openalex.org/W2068470708","https://openalex.org/W2070493638","https://openalex.org/W2099471712","https://openalex.org/W2100805904","https://openalex.org/W2114766824","https://openalex.org/W2116386142","https://openalex.org/W2117539524","https://openalex.org/W2163605009","https://openalex.org/W2172734211","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2294370754","https://openalex.org/W2298992465","https://openalex.org/W2412782625","https://openalex.org/W2518108298","https://openalex.org/W2549139847","https://openalex.org/W2551176409","https://openalex.org/W2553303224","https://openalex.org/W2592004655","https://openalex.org/W2594529350","https://openalex.org/W2613718673","https://openalex.org/W2620998106","https://openalex.org/W2741430497","https://openalex.org/W2748513770","https://openalex.org/W2769653148","https://openalex.org/W2787017828","https://openalex.org/W2787387029","https://openalex.org/W2789758093","https://openalex.org/W2796347433","https://openalex.org/W2798722023","https://openalex.org/W2807912816","https://openalex.org/W2890166761","https://openalex.org/W2911964244","https://openalex.org/W2912934387","https://openalex.org/W2924464923","https://openalex.org/W2941030194","https://openalex.org/W2941193543","https://openalex.org/W2949264490","https://openalex.org/W2951696358","https://openalex.org/W2952634764","https://openalex.org/W2954996726","https://openalex.org/W2955425717","https://openalex.org/W2962746461","https://openalex.org/W2962793481","https://openalex.org/W2962960082","https://openalex.org/W2963137684","https://openalex.org/W2963263347","https://openalex.org/W2963446712","https://openalex.org/W2963881378","https://openalex.org/W2963927126","https://openalex.org/W2964081807","https://openalex.org/W2964220233","https://openalex.org/W2965658867","https://openalex.org/W2977284570","https://openalex.org/W2991040477","https://openalex.org/W2993449774","https://openalex.org/W2995910740","https://openalex.org/W2997371401","https://openalex.org/W3004127093","https://openalex.org/W3018757597","https://openalex.org/W3024880312","https://openalex.org/W3035574324","https://openalex.org/W3036850272","https://openalex.org/W3080443832","https://openalex.org/W3091699392","https://openalex.org/W3097217077","https://openalex.org/W3102762242","https://openalex.org/W3102852333","https://openalex.org/W3103953945","https://openalex.org/W3106250896","https://openalex.org/W3111394625","https://openalex.org/W3121706758","https://openalex.org/W3126002931","https://openalex.org/W3135505465","https://openalex.org/W3153673236","https://openalex.org/W3192682950","https://openalex.org/W4212883601","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W4293584584","https://openalex.org/W4300687381","https://openalex.org/W4320013936","https://openalex.org/W6620707391","https://openalex.org/W6638523607","https://openalex.org/W6677103964","https://openalex.org/W6684191040","https://openalex.org/W6685500198","https://openalex.org/W6726497184","https://openalex.org/W6729956949","https://openalex.org/W6734593296","https://openalex.org/W6737496325","https://openalex.org/W6741978826","https://openalex.org/W6743495212","https://openalex.org/W6745748327","https://openalex.org/W6748012257","https://openalex.org/W6748057086","https://openalex.org/W6748108687","https://openalex.org/W6750227808","https://openalex.org/W6752186649","https://openalex.org/W6754484989","https://openalex.org/W6755117420","https://openalex.org/W6756718674","https://openalex.org/W6760897771","https://openalex.org/W6761400819","https://openalex.org/W6762718338","https://openalex.org/W6766150548","https://openalex.org/W6775298725","https://openalex.org/W6777046832","https://openalex.org/W6777647186","https://openalex.org/W6779680381","https://openalex.org/W6782095439","https://openalex.org/W6785652829","https://openalex.org/W6786871991","https://openalex.org/W6788755118","https://openalex.org/W6790125468","https://openalex.org/W6791732780"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2378076731","https://openalex.org/W4286888643","https://openalex.org/W3210795196","https://openalex.org/W2088988140","https://openalex.org/W2803103875","https://openalex.org/W2103019253","https://openalex.org/W2951529875","https://openalex.org/W2391453316","https://openalex.org/W2297768894","https://openalex.org/W1988064119"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,85,106],"this":[1,36],"paper,":[2],"we":[3,70,89,110,169,192],"propose":[4,71],"a":[5,19,43,48,53,59,72,91,94,122,142,153,178,196],"multi-branch":[6],"neural":[7,55],"network":[8,20,42,56,137],"architecture":[9],"named":[10],"Coupled":[11],"Modular":[12],"Neural":[13],"Network":[14],"(CMNN).":[15],"A":[16],"CMNN":[17,164],"is":[18,29,52],"consisting":[21],"of":[22,102,125,145,147],"\u03b2":[23,28],"closely":[24],"coupled":[25],"sub-networks,":[26],"where":[27],"termed":[30],"as":[31,133,152],"the":[32,40,68,86,103,107,112,116,126,139,148,158,166,200,211,215],"branching":[33],"factor":[34],"in":[35,93],"paper.":[37],"We":[38],"call":[39],"whole":[41],"super-graph":[44,69,104,113,127],"and":[45,57,97,141,162,165,177],"each":[46,129],"sub-network":[47],"sub-graph.":[49],"Each":[50,79],"sub-graph":[51,92,198],"stand-alone":[54],"shares":[58],"common":[60],"block":[61,156],"with":[62],"other":[63],"sub-graphs.":[64,118],"To":[65,160],"effectively":[66],"leverage":[67],"simple":[73],"but":[74],"easy-to-implement":[75],"Round-Robin-based":[76],"learning":[77,201,216],"algorithm.":[78],"training":[80],"iteration":[81,130],"contains":[82],"two":[83],"phases.":[84],"first":[87],"phase,":[88,109],"choose":[90],"Round-Robin":[95],"fashion":[96],"train":[98],"it":[99],"using":[100],"knowledge":[101],"(distillation).":[105],"second":[108],"fine-tune":[111],"based":[114],"on":[115,172,185],"updated":[117],"This":[119],"algorithm":[120],"produces":[121],"different":[123,143],"copy":[124,144],"at":[128],"which":[131,150,209],"acts":[132],"an":[134],"improved":[135],"teacher":[136],"for":[138,157],"sub-graph;":[140],"one":[146],"sub-graphs":[149],"functions":[151],"new":[154],"building":[155],"super-graph.":[159],"validate":[161],"test":[163],"proposed":[167],"algorithm,":[168],"conduct":[170],"experiments":[171],"CIFAR-10,":[173],"CIFAR-100,":[174],"Tiny":[175],"ImageNet":[176],"private":[179],"On-Road-Risk":[180],"(ORR)":[181],"datasets.":[182],"Empirical":[183],"results":[184],"all":[186],"these":[187],"four":[188],"datasets":[189],"indicate":[190],"that":[191],"not":[193],"only":[194],"obtain":[195],"strong":[197,206],"network,":[199],"framework":[202],"can":[203],"also":[204],"produce":[205],"ensemble":[207],"performance":[208],"substantiates":[210],"diversity":[212],"introduced":[213],"throughout":[214],"framework.":[217]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
