{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3175758973","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3092886","title":"Depth-Aware Object Tracking With a Conditional Variational Autoencoder","display_name":"Depth-Aware Object Tracking With a Conditional Variational Autoencoder","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3175758973","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3092886","mag":"3175758973"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3092886","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3092886","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9312710/09466099.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9312710/09466099.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100724377","display_name":"Wenhui Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5435-8775"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28006308","display_name":"Shandong Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/01wy3h363","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28006308"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wenhui Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Science and Engineering, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5435-8775","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Science and Engineering, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28006308"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010340252","display_name":"Jason Gu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7626-1077"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I129902397","display_name":"Dalhousie University","ror":"https://ror.org/01e6qks80","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I129902397"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jason Gu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7626-1077","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I129902397"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081220886","display_name":"Yinchen Guo","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28006308","display_name":"Shandong Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/01wy3h363","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28006308"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yinchen Guo","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Science and Engineering, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Science and Engineering, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28006308"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":0.2827,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.53987282,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":null,"first_page":"94537","last_page":"94547"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10331","display_name":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10331","display_name":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11963","display_name":"Impact of Light on Environment and Health","score":0.9703999757766724,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10812","display_name":"Human Pose and Action Recognition","score":0.9634000062942505,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/autoencoder","display_name":"Autoencoder","score":0.8745070695877075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.7149816751480103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6881619691848755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/video-tracking","display_name":"Video tracking","score":0.6315226554870605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/probabilistic-logic","display_name":"Probabilistic logic","score":0.6077145338058472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tracking","display_name":"Tracking (education)","score":0.5105425119400024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object","display_name":"Object (grammar)","score":0.5088889598846436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.48486194014549255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bittorrent-tracker","display_name":"BitTorrent tracker","score":0.4600977301597595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/particle-filter","display_name":"Particle filter","score":0.4260135293006897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.40959781408309937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.3822587728500366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.3445272445678711},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/eye-tracking","display_name":"Eye tracking","score":0.33426615595817566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kalman-filter","display_name":"Kalman filter","score":0.25659888982772827}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101738243","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q786435","display_name":"Autoencoder","level":3,"score":0.8745070695877075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7149816751480103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6881619691848755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202474056","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1931635","display_name":"Video tracking","level":3,"score":0.6315226554870605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49937458","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2599292","display_name":"Probabilistic logic","level":2,"score":0.6077145338058472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775936607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466845","display_name":"Tracking (education)","level":2,"score":0.5105425119400024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781238097","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175026","display_name":"Object (grammar)","level":2,"score":0.5088889598846436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.48486194014549255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57501372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2021268","display_name":"BitTorrent tracker","level":3,"score":0.4600977301597595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52421305","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1151499","display_name":"Particle filter","level":3,"score":0.4260135293006897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.40959781408309937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.3822587728500366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.3445272445678711},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56461940","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q970687","display_name":"Eye tracking","level":2,"score":0.33426615595817566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157286648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q846780","display_name":"Kalman filter","level":2,"score":0.25659888982772827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19417346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7922","display_name":"Pedagogy","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3092886","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3092886","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9312710/09466099.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:64781e13d27a47deb95a9136678a412e","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/64781e13d27a47deb95a9136678a412e","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 9, Pp 94537-94547 (2021)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3092886","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3092886","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9312710/09466099.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.6200000047683716,"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2411062354","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"81871508","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324174","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2939148849","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"ZR2018ZB0419","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324174","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2974766273","display_name":"OCT\u5f71\u50cf\u89c6\u7f51\u819c\u81ea\u52a8\u5206\u6790\u5173\u952e\u6280\u672f\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"61572300","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2990063878","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"TSHW201502038","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320326185","funder_display_name":"Taishan Scholar Foundation of Shandong Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5976735303","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"ZR2019ZD04","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324174","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6132712187","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61773246","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324174","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6699773681","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61572300","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324174","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6978151917","display_name":"\u9762\u5411\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u77ed\u89c6\u9891\u6570\u636e\u7684Logo\u68c0\u6d4b\u6280\u672f\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"62072289","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7030860546","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"81871508","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7647186874","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"ZR2020QF032","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324174","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8126189907","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"TSHW201502038","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324174","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8184001967","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62073201","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8498003072","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61773246","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8725241848","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62003196","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324174","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320326185","display_name":"Taishan Scholar Foundation of Shandong Province","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334593","display_name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","ror":"https://ror.org/01h531d29"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3175758973.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3175758973.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":47,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W125693051","https://openalex.org/W1814075596","https://openalex.org/W2103328396","https://openalex.org/W2146566390","https://openalex.org/W2188365844","https://openalex.org/W2462915490","https://openalex.org/W2525561190","https://openalex.org/W2575285771","https://openalex.org/W2594694775","https://openalex.org/W2738492746","https://openalex.org/W2751422254","https://openalex.org/W2755343736","https://openalex.org/W2761734797","https://openalex.org/W2789714579","https://openalex.org/W2793402133","https://openalex.org/W2894300437","https://openalex.org/W2907364764","https://openalex.org/W2912429050","https://openalex.org/W2953772642","https://openalex.org/W2962677013","https://openalex.org/W2963227409","https://openalex.org/W2963238274","https://openalex.org/W2963534981","https://openalex.org/W2963677766","https://openalex.org/W2964071664","https://openalex.org/W2964144363","https://openalex.org/W2964423614","https://openalex.org/W2966759264","https://openalex.org/W2970859221","https://openalex.org/W2984006054","https://openalex.org/W2991778094","https://openalex.org/W2998027361","https://openalex.org/W3008056223","https://openalex.org/W3034297219","https://openalex.org/W3034617042","https://openalex.org/W3035211844","https://openalex.org/W3035376925","https://openalex.org/W3035453691","https://openalex.org/W3035571898","https://openalex.org/W3035672751","https://openalex.org/W3035711539","https://openalex.org/W3098904667","https://openalex.org/W6605121731","https://openalex.org/W6675415620","https://openalex.org/W6687045409","https://openalex.org/W6730042731","https://openalex.org/W6785332111"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2062103941","https://openalex.org/W4384788979","https://openalex.org/W4406109044","https://openalex.org/W4406731786","https://openalex.org/W178060743","https://openalex.org/W2909390414","https://openalex.org/W2511178891","https://openalex.org/W2126676984","https://openalex.org/W2954509079","https://openalex.org/W2134550343"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Object":[0],"tracking":[1,15,93,124,166,170],"is":[2],"a":[3,50,95,103,119,131,152],"fundamental":[4],"task":[5],"in":[6,70,80,83],"computer":[7],"vision":[8],"and":[9,22,30,49,57,109,117,182],"artificial":[10],"intelligence.":[11],"However,":[12],"state-of-the-art":[13,174],"object":[14,92,123],"approaches":[16],"are":[17,23,33],"still":[18],"prone":[19],"to":[20,27,46],"failures":[21],"imprecise":[24,38],"when":[25],"applied":[26],"challenging":[28,165],"scenarios,":[29],"their":[31],"results":[32],"generally":[34],"confidence":[35,43],"agnostic.":[36],"An":[37],"deterministic":[39],"output":[40],"with":[41,63,94,114],"low":[42],"may":[44],"lead":[45],"disastrous":[47],"consequences":[48],"lack":[51],"of":[52,139],"proof":[53],"for":[54,164],"subsequent":[55],"operations":[56],"human":[58],"interventions.":[59],"Deep":[60],"network":[61,108],"training":[62],"ambiguous":[64],"data":[65,73],"or":[66,75],"the":[67,106,110,137,144,173,177],"noise":[68],"inherent":[69,81],"observations":[71],"(i.e.,":[72],"uncertainty":[74],"aleatoric":[76],"uncertainty)":[77],"will":[78],"result":[79],"uncertainties":[82],"predictions.":[84],"In":[85],"this":[86],"paper,":[87],"we":[88,101],"exploit":[89],"probabilistic":[90],"depth-aware":[91,158],"conditional":[96],"variational":[97,111,145],"autoencoder":[98,112,146],"(CVAE).":[99],"First,":[100],"build":[102],"bridge":[104],"between":[105],"Siamese":[107],"conditioned":[113,147],"depth":[115,149],"images":[116,150],"propose":[118],"novel":[120],"multimodal":[121],"Bayesian":[122],"method.":[125],"Second,":[126],"our":[127],"proposed":[128,169],"method":[129,171],"yields":[130],"complete":[132],"probability":[133],"distribution":[134],"that":[135,156],"enables":[136],"production":[138],"multiple":[140],"plausible":[141],"features.":[142],"Third,":[143],"by":[148],"encodes":[151],"low-dimensional":[153],"latent":[154],"space":[155],"conducts":[157],"tracking,":[159],"which":[160],"has":[161],"obvious":[162],"advantages":[163],"scenarios.":[167],"Our":[168],"outperformed":[172],"trackers":[175],"on":[176],"VOT":[178,180,183],"2016,":[179],"2018,":[181],"2019":[184],"datasets.":[185]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}