{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3127233377","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3092646","title":"Adversarial Attacks Against Face Recognition: A Comprehensive Study","display_name":"Adversarial Attacks Against Face Recognition: A Comprehensive Study","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3127233377","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3092646","mag":"3127233377"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3092646","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3092646","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9312710/09464957.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref","datacite","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9312710/09464957.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068006169","display_name":"Fatemeh Vakhshiteh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7935-7090"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I158248296","display_name":"Amirkabir University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04gzbav43","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I158248296"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fatemeh Vakhshiteh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran","Department of Biomedical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology , Tehran , Iran"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7935-7090","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158248296"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology , Tehran , Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158248296"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101840083","display_name":"Ahmad Nickabadi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3709-1041"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I158248296","display_name":"Amirkabir University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04gzbav43","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I158248296"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ahmad Nickabadi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran","Department of Computer Engineering and Information Technology, Amirkabir University of Technology Tehran, Iran"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3709-1041","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158248296"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Engineering and Information Technology, Amirkabir University of Technology Tehran, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158248296"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073391891","display_name":"Raghavendra Ramachandra","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0484-3956"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204778367","display_name":"Norwegian University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05xg72x27","country_code":"NO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204778367"]}],"countries":["NO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Raghavendra Ramachandra","raw_affiliation_strings":["Norwegian Biometrics Laboratory (NBL), Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU i Gjovik), Gj\u00f8vik, Norway","Department of Information Security and Communication Technology, Norwegian Biometrics Laboratory (NBL), Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU i Gjovik), Gj\u00f8vik, Norway"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0484-3956","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Norwegian Biometrics Laboratory (NBL), Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU i Gjovik), Gj\u00f8vik, Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204778367"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Security and Communication Technology, Norwegian Biometrics Laboratory (NBL), Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU i Gjovik), Gj\u00f8vik, Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204778367"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":0.8396,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.77799743,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":null,"first_page":"92735","last_page":"92756"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11512","display_name":"Anomaly Detection Techniques and Applications","score":0.9860000014305115,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11515","display_name":"Bacillus and Francisella bacterial research","score":0.9397000074386597,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adversarial-system","display_name":"Adversarial system","score":0.8665140867233276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.733673095703125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6019226312637329},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/facial-recognition-system","display_name":"Facial recognition system","score":0.5663146376609802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/architecture","display_name":"Architecture","score":0.5292773842811584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vulnerability","display_name":"Vulnerability (computing)","score":0.5235335826873779},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.5098358988761902},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/taxonomy","display_name":"Taxonomy (biology)","score":0.49447011947631836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/face","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","score":0.4757287800312042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.4142882525920868},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.4016064405441284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.23557382822036743}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37736160","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1801315","display_name":"Adversarial system","level":2,"score":0.8665140867233276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.733673095703125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6019226312637329},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31510193","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1192553","display_name":"Facial recognition system","level":3,"score":0.5663146376609802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123657996","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12271","display_name":"Architecture","level":2,"score":0.5292773842811584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95713431","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q631425","display_name":"Vulnerability (computing)","level":2,"score":0.5235335826873779},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.5098358988761902},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58642233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8269924","display_name":"Taxonomy (biology)","level":2,"score":0.49447011947631836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779304628","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3503480","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","level":2,"score":0.4757287800312042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.4142882525920868},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.4016064405441284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.23557382822036743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153349607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36649","display_name":"Visual arts","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":6,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3092646","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3092646","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9312710/09464957.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2007.11709","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2007.11709","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2007.11709","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"mag:3127233377","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2007.11709.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:1332c994cfe7472abc3c2fa7fd3ed440","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/1332c994cfe7472abc3c2fa7fd3ed440","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 9, Pp 92735-92756 (2021)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:ntnuopen.ntnu.no:11250/3042572","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/11250/3042572","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401716","display_name":"Duo Research Archive (University of Oslo)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I184942183","host_organization_name":"University of Oslo","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I184942183"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"92735-92756","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/other"},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2007.11709","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2007.11709","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3092646","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3092646","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9312710/09464957.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3127233377.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3127233377.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":170,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W118835214","https://openalex.org/W1139204857","https://openalex.org/W1509966554","https://openalex.org/W1550005041","https://openalex.org/W1616262590","https://openalex.org/W1686810756","https://openalex.org/W1782590233","https://openalex.org/W1821462560","https://openalex.org/W1834627138","https://openalex.org/W1915485278","https://openalex.org/W1950843348","https://openalex.org/W1975056068","https://openalex.org/W1976230226","https://openalex.org/W1982048725","https://openalex.org/W2024922353","https://openalex.org/W2026830782","https://openalex.org/W2050079439","https://openalex.org/W2071266191","https://openalex.org/W2096733369","https://openalex.org/W2097117768","https://openalex.org/W2098693229","https://openalex.org/W2112036188","https://openalex.org/W2117553576","https://openalex.org/W2118664399","https://openalex.org/W2120100419","https://openalex.org/W2132467081","https://openalex.org/W2138451337","https://openalex.org/W2143784448","https://openalex.org/W2144172034","https://openalex.org/W2145287260","https://openalex.org/W2155893237","https://openalex.org/W2156194072","https://openalex.org/W2163808566","https://openalex.org/W2165731615","https://openalex.org/W2180612164","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2243397390","https://openalex.org/W2325939864","https://openalex.org/W2403443505","https://openalex.org/W2460937040","https://openalex.org/W2513140567","https://openalex.org/W2515770085","https://openalex.org/W2520774990","https://openalex.org/W2535873859","https://openalex.org/W2543927648","https://openalex.org/W2551119324","https://openalex.org/W2592232824","https://openalex.org/W2599085778","https://openalex.org/W2603110653","https://openalex.org/W2607219512","https://openalex.org/W2624607299","https://openalex.org/W2737067721","https://openalex.org/W2738229973","https://openalex.org/W2738882920","https://openalex.org/W2762664271","https://openalex.org/W2765424254","https://openalex.org/W2766188896","https://openalex.org/W2773726006","https://openalex.org/W2774644650","https://openalex.org/W2783693055","https://openalex.org/W2785486371","https://openalex.org/W2789352577","https://openalex.org/W2798801120","https://openalex.org/W2804411656","https://openalex.org/W2810356827","https://openalex.org/W2874797877","https://openalex.org/W2886610278","https://openalex.org/W2887500939","https://openalex.org/W2888791752","https://openalex.org/W2896885681","https://openalex.org/W2903224786","https://openalex.org/W2906058724","https://openalex.org/W2912447214","https://openalex.org/W2912990735","https://openalex.org/W2928321196","https://openalex.org/W2932026309","https://openalex.org/W2938122482","https://openalex.org/W2940483533","https://openalex.org/W2941733693","https://openalex.org/W2942039787","https://openalex.org/W2947709300","https://openalex.org/W2949769151","https://openalex.org/W2950864148","https://openalex.org/W2962847335","https://openalex.org/W2962898354","https://openalex.org/W2963070423","https://openalex.org/W2963098487","https://openalex.org/W2963178695","https://openalex.org/W2963207607","https://openalex.org/W2963336095","https://openalex.org/W2963428752","https://openalex.org/W2963460857","https://openalex.org/W2963466847","https://openalex.org/W2963626105","https://openalex.org/W2963671154","https://openalex.org/W2963694625","https://openalex.org/W2963839617","https://openalex.org/W2963857521","https://openalex.org/W2963979376","https://openalex.org/W2964082701","https://openalex.org/W2964153729","https://openalex.org/W2964159205","https://openalex.org/W2964253222","https://openalex.org/W2964285471","https://openalex.org/W2966322997","https://openalex.org/W2968618655","https://openalex.org/W2969664989","https://openalex.org/W2969985801","https://openalex.org/W2970255644","https://openalex.org/W2970534682","https://openalex.org/W2972986629","https://openalex.org/W2973021304","https://openalex.org/W2981011605","https://openalex.org/W2985282977","https://openalex.org/W2986549955","https://openalex.org/W2991429372","https://openalex.org/W2997170888","https://openalex.org/W2998647415","https://openalex.org/W2999401213","https://openalex.org/W3005265709","https://openalex.org/W3011362739","https://openalex.org/W3013520104","https://openalex.org/W3015646845","https://openalex.org/W3025770942","https://openalex.org/W3034823537","https://openalex.org/W3034859328","https://openalex.org/W3037702798","https://openalex.org/W3048007723","https://openalex.org/W3083754600","https://openalex.org/W3083910051","https://openalex.org/W3099206234","https://openalex.org/W3101267861","https://openalex.org/W3102431071","https://openalex.org/W3103557498","https://openalex.org/W3107942585","https://openalex.org/W3110144845","https://openalex.org/W3110734439","https://openalex.org/W3112787034","https://openalex.org/W4247614247","https://openalex.org/W6630649318","https://openalex.org/W6637162671","https://openalex.org/W6637373629","https://openalex.org/W6638046521","https://openalex.org/W6638523607","https://openalex.org/W6640425456","https://openalex.org/W6681239517","https://openalex.org/W6719080892","https://openalex.org/W6725923168","https://openalex.org/W6726453277","https://openalex.org/W6726946684","https://openalex.org/W6729756640","https://openalex.org/W6731927902","https://openalex.org/W6736207377","https://openalex.org/W6739008639","https://openalex.org/W6742113789","https://openalex.org/W6746608116","https://openalex.org/W6747473890","https://openalex.org/W6748918544","https://openalex.org/W6749300007","https://openalex.org/W6750404860","https://openalex.org/W6750455488","https://openalex.org/W6752985256","https://openalex.org/W6754317590","https://openalex.org/W6754778609","https://openalex.org/W6756248165","https://openalex.org/W6758648797","https://openalex.org/W6766699755","https://openalex.org/W6767341848","https://openalex.org/W6772823604","https://openalex.org/W6782446814"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3044605215","https://openalex.org/W3173324345","https://openalex.org/W3040853377","https://openalex.org/W3200686910","https://openalex.org/W3201386741","https://openalex.org/W2915238810","https://openalex.org/W3187013673","https://openalex.org/W2969846350","https://openalex.org/W3120285010","https://openalex.org/W3203135439","https://openalex.org/W3015720943","https://openalex.org/W3013520104","https://openalex.org/W3179123759","https://openalex.org/W2969184416","https://openalex.org/W3080986739","https://openalex.org/W2989079566","https://openalex.org/W3176065393","https://openalex.org/W3168135937","https://openalex.org/W2902543210","https://openalex.org/W3204139034"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Face":[0],"recognition":[1,38],"(FR)":[2],"systems":[3,60,95],"have":[4],"demonstrated":[5],"reliable":[6],"verification":[7],"performance,":[8],"suggesting":[9],"suitability":[10],"for":[11],"real-world":[12],"applications":[13],"ranging":[14],"from":[15],"photo":[16],"tagging":[17],"in":[18],"social":[19],"media":[20],"to":[21,65,78],"automated":[22],"border":[23],"control":[24],"(ABC).":[25],"In":[26,82],"an":[27,62],"advanced":[28],"FR":[29,59,94],"system":[30,46],"with":[31],"deep":[32],"learning-based":[33],"architecture,":[34],"however,":[35],"promoting":[36],"the":[37,45,76,99,126,136,141],"efficiency":[39],"alone":[40],"is":[41],"not":[42],"sufficient,":[43],"and":[44,96,114,130,132,143],"should":[47],"also":[48],"withstand":[49],"potential":[50,144],"kinds":[51],"of":[52,101,111],"attacks.":[53],"Recent":[54],"studies":[55],"show":[56],"that":[57,74],"(deep)":[58],"exhibit":[61],"intriguing":[63],"vulnerability":[64],"imperceptible":[66],"or":[67],"perceptible":[68],"but":[69],"natural-looking":[70],"adversarial":[71,91],"input":[72],"images":[73],"drive":[75],"model":[77],"incorrect":[79],"output":[80],"predictions.":[81],"this":[83],"article,":[84],"we":[85,107,139],"present":[86],"a":[87,109],"comprehensive":[88],"survey":[89],"on":[90,98,118,125,135],"attacks":[92],"against":[93,104],"elaborate":[97],"competence":[100],"new":[102],"countermeasures":[103],"them.":[105],"Further,":[106],"propose":[108],"taxonomy":[110],"existing":[112],"attack":[113,123],"defense":[115,133],"methods":[116,124],"based":[117],"different":[119],"criteria.":[120],"We":[121],"compare":[122],"orientation,":[127],"evaluation":[128],"process,":[129],"attributes,":[131],"approaches":[134],"category.":[137],"Finally,":[138],"discuss":[140],"challenges":[142],"research":[145],"direction.":[146]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
