{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3167732524","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3089829","title":"Degeneracy and Its Impact on the Decoding of Sparse Quantum Codes","display_name":"Degeneracy and Its Impact on the Decoding of Sparse Quantum Codes","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3167732524","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3089829","mag":"3167732524"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3089829","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3089829","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9312710/09456887.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9312710/09456887.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059701819","display_name":"Patricio Fuentes","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0576-0239"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I88155538","display_name":"Universidad de Navarra","ror":"https://ror.org/02rxc7m23","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I88155538"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Patricio Fuentes","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tecnun, University of Navarra, San Sebastian, Spain"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0576-0239","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tecnun, University of Navarra, San Sebastian, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I88155538"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017368517","display_name":"Josu Etxezarreta Mart\u00ednez","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7058-8426"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I88155538","display_name":"Universidad de Navarra","ror":"https://ror.org/02rxc7m23","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I88155538"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Josu Etxezarreta Martinez","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tecnun, University of Navarra, San Sebastian, Spain"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7058-8426","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tecnun, University of Navarra, San Sebastian, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I88155538"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077285752","display_name":"Pedro M. Crespo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8259-3353"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I88155538","display_name":"Universidad de Navarra","ror":"https://ror.org/02rxc7m23","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I88155538"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pedro M. Crespo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tecnun, University of Navarra, San Sebastian, Spain"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8259-3353","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tecnun, University of Navarra, San Sebastian, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I88155538"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033296732","display_name":"Javier Garcia\u2010Frias","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9556-3564"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I86501945","display_name":"University of Delaware","ror":"https://ror.org/01sbq1a82","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I86501945"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Javier Garcia-Frias","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9556-3564","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86501945"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":2.4567,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":29,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.90624586,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":null,"first_page":"89093","last_page":"89119"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10682","display_name":"Quantum Computing Algorithms and Architecture","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10682","display_name":"Quantum Computing Algorithms and Architecture","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10020","display_name":"Quantum Information and Cryptography","score":0.9972000122070312,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13182","display_name":"Quantum-Dot Cellular Automata","score":0.9932000041007996,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5563393235206604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-convolutional-code","display_name":"Quantum convolutional code","score":0.5140389204025269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/degeneracy","display_name":"Degeneracy (biology)","score":0.497814416885376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum","display_name":"Quantum","score":0.48191168904304504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.45205092430114746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.438632071018219},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-algorithm","display_name":"Quantum algorithm","score":0.43596506118774414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/block-code","display_name":"Block code","score":0.3979610502719879},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decoding-methods","display_name":"Decoding methods","score":0.3685406446456909},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linear-code","display_name":"Linear code","score":0.274145245552063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-mechanics","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","score":0.23611727356910706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.2183379828929901}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5563393235206604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C69497775","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7269025","display_name":"Quantum convolutional code","level":5,"score":0.5140389204025269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777727622","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5251772","display_name":"Degeneracy (biology)","level":2,"score":0.497814416885376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84114770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46344","display_name":"Quantum","level":2,"score":0.48191168904304504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.45205092430114746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.438632071018219},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137019171","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2623817","display_name":"Quantum algorithm","level":3,"score":0.43596506118774414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157125643","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q884707","display_name":"Block code","level":3,"score":0.3979610502719879},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57273362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q576722","display_name":"Decoding methods","level":2,"score":0.3685406446456909},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2400350","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1752667","display_name":"Linear code","level":4,"score":0.274145245552063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.23611727356910706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.2183379828929901},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60644358","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128570","display_name":"Bioinformatics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3089829","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3089829","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9312710/09456887.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:f45ac3eb1ff74ed88443f5f10882a7bf","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/f45ac3eb1ff74ed88443f5f10882a7bf","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 9, Pp 89093-89119 (2021)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3089829","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3089829","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9312710/09456887.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2360194645","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CCF-2007689","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3690828678","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"PID2019","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322930","funder_display_name":"Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovaci\u00f3n"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8675002565","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"PID2019-104958RB-C44","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322930","funder_display_name":"Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovaci\u00f3n"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321705","display_name":"Eusko Jaurlaritza","ror":"https://ror.org/00pz2fp31"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322930","display_name":"Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovaci\u00f3n","ror":"https://ror.org/034900433"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3167732524.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3167732524.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":158,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W7241855","https://openalex.org/W32507011","https://openalex.org/W1514195450","https://openalex.org/W1534925464","https://openalex.org/W1536930200","https://openalex.org/W1586041765","https://openalex.org/W1608621648","https://openalex.org/W1632544105","https://openalex.org/W1639600422","https://openalex.org/W1808875461","https://openalex.org/W1839785972","https://openalex.org/W1841286492","https://openalex.org/W1850344377","https://openalex.org/W1900024896","https://openalex.org/W1967817162","https://openalex.org/W1970302872","https://openalex.org/W1975088395","https://openalex.org/W1975650268","https://openalex.org/W1980073965","https://openalex.org/W1982432882","https://openalex.org/W1991921359","https://openalex.org/W1999706070","https://openalex.org/W2003797908","https://openalex.org/W2007787077","https://openalex.org/W2015179126","https://openalex.org/W2030867075","https://openalex.org/W2032128222","https://openalex.org/W2035258074","https://openalex.org/W2035929826","https://openalex.org/W2040653896","https://openalex.org/W2047289303","https://openalex.org/W2048984244","https://openalex.org/W2049588649","https://openalex.org/W2050035613","https://openalex.org/W2051051926","https://openalex.org/W2051471360","https://openalex.org/W2052169397","https://openalex.org/W2053907990","https://openalex.org/W2065008622","https://openalex.org/W2070521623","https://openalex.org/W2084652510","https://openalex.org/W2085970623","https://openalex.org/W2088257737","https://openalex.org/W2088636071","https://openalex.org/W2092938635","https://openalex.org/W2094848842","https://openalex.org/W2103532256","https://openalex.org/W2105772827","https://openalex.org/W2108033855","https://openalex.org/W2109785828","https://openalex.org/W2109866575","https://openalex.org/W2114207424","https://openalex.org/W2115658752","https://openalex.org/W2117184753","https://openalex.org/W2119170971","https://openalex.org/W2119314900","https://openalex.org/W2121606987","https://openalex.org/W2123809589","https://openalex.org/W2126259959","https://openalex.org/W2129121545","https://openalex.org/W2132161120","https://openalex.org/W2132718804","https://openalex.org/W2132809004","https://openalex.org/W2133068391","https://openalex.org/W2134208807","https://openalex.org/W2135273380","https://openalex.org/W2136204051","https://openalex.org/W2137813581","https://openalex.org/W2138129780","https://openalex.org/W2142384583","https://openalex.org/W2144746005","https://openalex.org/W2145801399","https://openalex.org/W2146694142","https://openalex.org/W2148317974","https://openalex.org/W2148726777","https://openalex.org/W2154433856","https://openalex.org/W2156938362","https://openalex.org/W2156987111","https://openalex.org/W2158453568","https://openalex.org/W2159080219","https://openalex.org/W2159566537","https://openalex.org/W2164790530","https://openalex.org/W2165026273","https://openalex.org/W2166065655","https://openalex.org/W2167413626","https://openalex.org/W2167927798","https://openalex.org/W2171677808","https://openalex.org/W2179731956","https://openalex.org/W2215279005","https://openalex.org/W2226924098","https://openalex.org/W2342204193","https://openalex.org/W2579410364","https://openalex.org/W2611652092","https://openalex.org/W2616493737","https://openalex.org/W2741137598","https://openalex.org/W2762760962","https://openalex.org/W2889130258","https://openalex.org/W2926023653","https://openalex.org/W2954765777","https://openalex.org/W2954850836","https://openalex.org/W2962973842","https://openalex.org/W2963162714","https://openalex.org/W2963734035","https://openalex.org/W2964054942","https://openalex.org/W2987687226","https://openalex.org/W2990300551","https://openalex.org/W3005760425","https://openalex.org/W3023478445","https://openalex.org/W3033331243","https://openalex.org/W3038010021","https://openalex.org/W3044676130","https://openalex.org/W3088378517","https://openalex.org/W3089458228","https://openalex.org/W3093425078","https://openalex.org/W3098754752","https://openalex.org/W3099972812","https://openalex.org/W3100206575","https://openalex.org/W3100642416","https://openalex.org/W3100736866","https://openalex.org/W3102228721","https://openalex.org/W3102739707","https://openalex.org/W3102818703","https://openalex.org/W3103386480","https://openalex.org/W3103996798","https://openalex.org/W3105233262","https://openalex.org/W3106097399","https://openalex.org/W3106413073","https://openalex.org/W3107027222","https://openalex.org/W3110238643","https://openalex.org/W3111297213","https://openalex.org/W3111767478","https://openalex.org/W3115243484","https://openalex.org/W3116662363","https://openalex.org/W3134403811","https://openalex.org/W3190051394","https://openalex.org/W3206809046","https://openalex.org/W3207833463","https://openalex.org/W4239889878","https://openalex.org/W4298360881","https://openalex.org/W4301287831","https://openalex.org/W4394672652","https://openalex.org/W6600302457","https://openalex.org/W6636778726","https://openalex.org/W6638801799","https://openalex.org/W6638938434","https://openalex.org/W6667963102","https://openalex.org/W6677317179","https://openalex.org/W6678928293","https://openalex.org/W6685281851","https://openalex.org/W6689278888","https://openalex.org/W6761072974","https://openalex.org/W6785572472","https://openalex.org/W6785927661","https://openalex.org/W6786798845","https://openalex.org/W6787070942","https://openalex.org/W6787904749","https://openalex.org/W6787987626","https://openalex.org/W6799956892"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2372940580","https://openalex.org/W2101113459","https://openalex.org/W2187706389","https://openalex.org/W4401569525","https://openalex.org/W1970824047","https://openalex.org/W2566064824","https://openalex.org/W2153823223","https://openalex.org/W590714003","https://openalex.org/W2209282879","https://openalex.org/W1530995657"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"well-documented":[1],"capacity-approaching":[2],"performance":[3],"of":[4,10,30,93,110,125,131,154,163],"sparse":[5,55,81,116,126,132,157],"codes":[6,23,34,57,83,128,159],"in":[7,50,140],"the":[8,15,28,43,88,108,122,136,141,152,161],"realm":[9],"classical":[11,33,39,64,95,133],"communications":[12],"has":[13],"inspired":[14],"search":[16],"for":[17,168],"their":[18,94],"quantum":[19,22,44,56,82,117,127,142,158],"counterparts.":[20,96],"Sparse":[21],"are":[24,36,60],"generally":[25],"built":[26],"as":[27,71,112],"amalgamation":[29],"two":[31],"robust":[32],"and":[35,73,160],"decoded":[37,61],"via":[38],"decoding":[40,123],"algorithms.":[41],"However,":[42],"paradigm":[45],"presents":[46],"phenomena":[47],"that":[48,130,138],"act":[49],"a":[51,76,102,147],"deleterious":[52],"manner":[53],"on":[54,63,156],"when":[58],"they":[59],"based":[62],"methodologies.":[65],"One":[66],"such":[67],"phenomenon":[68],"is":[69,75],"known":[70],"degeneracy,":[72],"it":[74,113],"major":[77],"contributor":[78],"to":[79,106,115,150],"why":[80],"do":[84],"not":[85],"entirely":[86],"evoke":[87],"stupendous":[89],"error":[90],"correcting":[91],"abilities":[92],"In":[97],"this":[98],"paper,":[99],"we":[100,120,145],"adopt":[101],"group":[103],"theoretical":[104],"approach":[105],"discuss":[107],"issue":[109],"degeneracy":[111,155],"relates":[114],"codes.":[118],"Furthermore,":[119],"compare":[121],"process":[124],"with":[129],"codes,":[134],"illustrating":[135],"challenges":[137,162],"appear":[139],"domain.":[143],"Finally,":[144],"provide":[146],"detailed":[148],"example":[149],"illustrate":[151],"effects":[153],"designing":[164],"an":[165],"optimum":[166],"decoder":[167],"these":[169],"schemes.":[170]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}