{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3170812239","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3088431","title":"Highly Sensitive Nondestructive Tunneling Magneto Resistive Imaging: Simulation and Experimental Validation","display_name":"Highly Sensitive Nondestructive Tunneling Magneto Resistive Imaging: Simulation and Experimental Validation","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3170812239","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3088431","mag":"3170812239"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3088431","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3088431","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9312710/09452179.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9312710/09452179.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070643418","display_name":"Joongho Ahn","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5355-4125"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I123900574","display_name":"Pohang University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04xysgw12","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I123900574"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Joongho Ahn","raw_affiliation_strings":["Medical Device Innovation Center, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, South Korea","Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, South Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Medical Device Innovation Center, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I123900574"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I123900574"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054094637","display_name":"Jinhwan Baik","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8848-6062"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I123900574","display_name":"Pohang University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04xysgw12","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I123900574"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jinhwan Baik","raw_affiliation_strings":["Medical Device Innovation Center, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, South Korea","Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, South Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Medical Device Innovation Center, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I123900574"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I123900574"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091718941","display_name":"Chulhong Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7249-1257"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I123900574","display_name":"Pohang University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04xysgw12","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I123900574"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chulhong Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Medical Device Innovation Center, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, South Korea","Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, South Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Medical Device Innovation Center, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I123900574"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I123900574"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100400974","display_name":"Sung\u2010Min Park","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8359-8110"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I123900574","display_name":"Pohang University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04xysgw12","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I123900574"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sung-Min Park","raw_affiliation_strings":["Medical Device Innovation Center, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, South Korea","Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, South Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Medical Device Innovation Center, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I123900574"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I123900574"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5070643418"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I123900574"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.06536837,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":null,"first_page":"85326","last_page":"85333"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12169","display_name":"Non-Destructive Testing Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12169","display_name":"Non-Destructive Testing Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11609","display_name":"Geophysical Methods and Applications","score":0.9976999759674072,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10662","display_name":"Ultrasonics and Acoustic Wave Propagation","score":0.9952999949455261,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2211","display_name":"Mechanics of Materials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nondestructive-testing","display_name":"Nondestructive testing","score":0.8108618259429932},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/magnetic-flux-leakage","display_name":"Magnetic flux leakage","score":0.7733581066131592},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.7175199389457703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/magnetoresistance","display_name":"Magnetoresistance","score":0.4963834881782532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resistive-touchscreen","display_name":"Resistive touchscreen","score":0.4955483675003052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/magnetic-flux","display_name":"Magnetic flux","score":0.4540759027004242},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-tunnelling","display_name":"Quantum tunnelling","score":0.4228157699108124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/magnetic-field","display_name":"Magnetic field","score":0.34407833218574524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optoelectronics","display_name":"Optoelectronics","score":0.3182850480079651},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.29608091711997986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/magnet","display_name":"Magnet","score":0.24423468112945557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mechanical-engineering","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","score":0.20767098665237427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.11676380038261414}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56529433","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q626700","display_name":"Nondestructive testing","level":2,"score":0.8108618259429932},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C20892748","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4390394","display_name":"Magnetic flux leakage","level":3,"score":0.7733581066131592},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.7175199389457703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117958382","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q58347","display_name":"Magnetoresistance","level":3,"score":0.4963834881782532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6899612","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q852911","display_name":"Resistive touchscreen","level":2,"score":0.4955483675003052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157479481","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177831","display_name":"Magnetic flux","level":3,"score":0.4540759027004242},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120398109","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175751","display_name":"Quantum tunnelling","level":2,"score":0.4228157699108124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115260700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11408","display_name":"Magnetic field","level":2,"score":0.34407833218574524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.3182850480079651},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.29608091711997986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16389437","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11421","display_name":"Magnet","level":2,"score":0.24423468112945557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.20767098665237427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.11676380038261414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126838900","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77604","display_name":"Radiology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3088431","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3088431","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9312710/09452179.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:75d315583c8b481688dabfe38655e9f9","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/75d315583c8b481688dabfe38655e9f9","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 9, Pp 85326-85333 (2021)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:oasis.postech.ac.kr:2014.oak/108523","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://oasis.postech.ac.kr/handle/2014.oak/108523","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401965","display_name":"Open Access System for Information Sharing (Pohang University of Science and Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I123900574","host_organization_name":"Pohang University of Science and Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I123900574"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3088431","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3088431","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9312710/09452179.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":0.4399999976158142}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1240365993","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2020R1A6A1A03047902","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320328359","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Science and ICT, South Korea"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1626937489","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2020M3H2A1078045","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","funder_display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2470997046","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"IITP-2020-2011-1-00783","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320328359","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Science and ICT, South Korea"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2735888637","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2020R1A6A1A03047902","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320311649","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Education"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G342704958","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"funded","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","funder_display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3882645803","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2020M3H2A1078045","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320671","funder_display_name":"National Research Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4608269959","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"IITP-2020-2011-1-00783","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335489","funder_display_name":"Institute for Information and Communications Technology Promotion"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5134405939","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2020M3H2A1078045","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320328359","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Science and ICT, South Korea"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5357038568","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2020R1A6A1A03047902","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","funder_display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5734796203","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2020M3H","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","funder_display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6072120315","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"funded","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335489","funder_display_name":"Institute for Information and Communications Technology Promotion"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7685055460","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Grant","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320328359","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Science and ICT, South Korea"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8117253602","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"IITP-2020-2011-1-00783","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","funder_display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8226453395","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2020M3H2A1078045","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322030","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G850932509","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2020R1A6A1A03047902","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320671","funder_display_name":"National Research Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320311649","display_name":"Ministry of Education","ror":"https://ror.org/036nq5137"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320671","display_name":"National Research Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/05s0g1g46"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322030","display_name":"Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning","ror":"https://ror.org/032e49973"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","ror":"https://ror.org/013aysd81"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320328359","display_name":"Ministry of Science and ICT, South Korea","ror":"https://ror.org/01wpjm123"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335489","display_name":"Institute for Information and Communications Technology Promotion","ror":"https://ror.org/01g0hqq23"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3170812239.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3170812239.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":30,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W289200072","https://openalex.org/W1969540706","https://openalex.org/W1976692507","https://openalex.org/W1995884161","https://openalex.org/W2023629440","https://openalex.org/W2062895567","https://openalex.org/W2063892929","https://openalex.org/W2064526875","https://openalex.org/W2066458314","https://openalex.org/W2087134730","https://openalex.org/W2099034239","https://openalex.org/W2131109536","https://openalex.org/W2133282486","https://openalex.org/W2166207675","https://openalex.org/W2337083997","https://openalex.org/W2566875744","https://openalex.org/W2576137905","https://openalex.org/W2621193174","https://openalex.org/W2736225003","https://openalex.org/W2760526707","https://openalex.org/W2767051368","https://openalex.org/W2789879896","https://openalex.org/W2809952567","https://openalex.org/W2896956455","https://openalex.org/W2990357198","https://openalex.org/W3033855020","https://openalex.org/W3161128109","https://openalex.org/W4211118845","https://openalex.org/W6610526836","https://openalex.org/W6926493302"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2902977491","https://openalex.org/W2101676717","https://openalex.org/W4241743597","https://openalex.org/W2165594630","https://openalex.org/W4383333701","https://openalex.org/W2120417348","https://openalex.org/W2993285375","https://openalex.org/W2045234003","https://openalex.org/W2015574894","https://openalex.org/W2972622007"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"With":[0],"the":[1,22,86,104,109,112,117,121,125,130,141],"increased":[2],"use":[3],"of":[4,47,111,120],"high-performance":[5],"thin":[6,79],"steels,":[7],"detecting":[8,31],"internal":[9],"or":[10],"external":[11],"micro":[12],"defects":[13,77,123],"in":[14,78,85,124],"a":[15,66],"manufacturing":[16,24,132],"process":[17],"has":[18],"become":[19],"critical":[20],"for":[21,151],"steel":[23,80,87,126,152],"process's":[25],"cost":[26],"and":[27,49],"quality":[28],"management.":[29,154],"For":[30],"defects,":[32],"magnetic-based":[33,53],"nondestructive":[34],"testing":[35],"(NDT)":[36],"methods":[37],"have":[38],"been":[39],"researched":[40],"widely":[41],"due":[42],"to":[43,74,107],"their":[44,61],"simplicity,":[45],"ease":[46],"use,":[48],"contactless":[50],"nature.":[51],"However,":[52],"approaches":[54],"suffer":[55],"from":[56],"low":[57],"sensitivity,":[58],"thus":[59],"limiting":[60],"use.":[62],"Here,":[63],"we":[64,139],"present":[65],"highly":[67],"sensitive":[68],"tunneling":[69],"magnetoresistive":[70],"(TMR)":[71],"imaging":[72],"system":[73],"detect":[75],"sub-surface":[76,122],"samples.":[81],"Artificially":[82],"created":[83],"holes":[84],"plates":[88,127],"were":[89,101],"magnetically":[90],"imaged":[91],"by":[92],"measuring":[93],"magnetic":[94],"flux":[95],"leakage":[96],"(MFL).":[97],"The":[98],"experimental":[99],"results":[100,106],"compared":[102],"against":[103],"simulated":[105],"confirm":[108],"visibility":[110],"holes.":[113],"We":[114],"also":[115],"confirmed":[116],"successful":[118],"visualization":[119],"formed":[128],"during":[129],"real":[131],"processes.":[133],"Thus,":[134],"based":[135],"on":[136],"these":[137],"results,":[138],"believe":[140],"TMR":[142],"method":[143],"holds":[144],"great":[145],"potential":[146],"as":[147],"an":[148],"NDT":[149],"technique":[150],"manufacture":[153]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-03-14T08:43:22.919905","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
