{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3168295069","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3088128","title":"Multi-Frame Super-Resolution Algorithm Based on a WGAN","display_name":"Multi-Frame Super-Resolution Algorithm Based on a WGAN","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3168295069","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3088128","mag":"3168295069"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3088128","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3088128","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9312710/09452141.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9312710/09452141.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112664302","display_name":"Keqing Ning","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1456306","display_name":"North China University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01nky7652","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1456306"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I21193070","display_name":"Beijing Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/01yj56c84","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Keqing Ning","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Science, Institute of Photoelectronics Technology, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China","School of Computer Science and Technology, North China University of Technology, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6151-318X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Science, Institute of Photoelectronics Technology, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology, North China University of Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1456306"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100361544","display_name":"Zhihao Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2049-1727"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1456306","display_name":"North China University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01nky7652","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1456306"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhihao Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Technology, North China University of Technology, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2049-1727","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology, North China University of Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1456306"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101784732","display_name":"Kai Han","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9761-2702"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1456306","display_name":"North China University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01nky7652","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1456306"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kai Han","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Technology, North China University of Technology, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology, North China University of Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1456306"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005548367","display_name":"Siyu Han","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6151-318X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1456306","display_name":"North China University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01nky7652","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1456306"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Siyu Han","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Technology, North China University of Technology, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology, North China University of Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1456306"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110144872","display_name":"Xiqing Zhang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I21193070","display_name":"Beijing Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/01yj56c84","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiqing Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Science, Institute of Photoelectronics Technology, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Science, Institute of Photoelectronics Technology, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":0.6595,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":13,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.70152252,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":null,"first_page":"85839","last_page":"85851"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11105","display_name":"Advanced Image Processing Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11105","display_name":"Advanced Image Processing Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13114","display_name":"Image Processing Techniques and Applications","score":0.996999979019165,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10531","display_name":"Advanced Vision and Imaging","score":0.9904999732971191,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.785535991191864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.7055389881134033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fuse","display_name":"Fuse (electrical)","score":0.6309560537338257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.576643705368042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.5451483130455017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.5344907641410828},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/iterative-reconstruction","display_name":"Iterative reconstruction","score":0.5322686433792114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/frame","display_name":"Frame (networking)","score":0.5052650570869446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generative-adversarial-network","display_name":"Generative adversarial network","score":0.4917905628681183},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grid","display_name":"Grid","score":0.41940805315971375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.418038547039032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-resolution","display_name":"Image resolution","score":0.4172782003879547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.3758579194545746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.34658366441726685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.09395948052406311},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.09334251284599304}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.785535991191864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7055389881134033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141353440","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q182221","display_name":"Fuse (electrical)","level":2,"score":0.6309560537338257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.576643705368042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.5451483130455017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.5344907641410828},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141379421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6094427","display_name":"Iterative reconstruction","level":2,"score":0.5322686433792114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126042441","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1324888","display_name":"Frame (networking)","level":2,"score":0.5052650570869446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2988773926","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25104379","display_name":"Generative adversarial network","level":3,"score":0.4917905628681183},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187691185","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2020720","display_name":"Grid","level":2,"score":0.41940805315971375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.418038547039032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205372480","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210521","display_name":"Image resolution","level":2,"score":0.4172782003879547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.3758579194545746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.34658366441726685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.09395948052406311},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.09334251284599304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3088128","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3088128","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9312710/09452141.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:3def00d9e35e42bf8cdcfeec497bd22d","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/3def00d9e35e42bf8cdcfeec497bd22d","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 9, Pp 85839-85851 (2021)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3088128","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3088128","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9312710/09452141.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3168295069.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3168295069.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":45,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1710476689","https://openalex.org/W1755205674","https://openalex.org/W1885185971","https://openalex.org/W1967212196","https://openalex.org/W2073623229","https://openalex.org/W2075637000","https://openalex.org/W2102621306","https://openalex.org/W2121058967","https://openalex.org/W2160547390","https://openalex.org/W2165027276","https://openalex.org/W2175030374","https://openalex.org/W2214802144","https://openalex.org/W2242218935","https://openalex.org/W2320725294","https://openalex.org/W2476548250","https://openalex.org/W2508756538","https://openalex.org/W2557227117","https://openalex.org/W2739748921","https://openalex.org/W2787564202","https://openalex.org/W2792513524","https://openalex.org/W2904835235","https://openalex.org/W2956891660","https://openalex.org/W2962927175","https://openalex.org/W2963470893","https://openalex.org/W2963684088","https://openalex.org/W2996013965","https://openalex.org/W3002638829","https://openalex.org/W3006197249","https://openalex.org/W3049131298","https://openalex.org/W3085163294","https://openalex.org/W3103261259","https://openalex.org/W3116957838","https://openalex.org/W3120515478","https://openalex.org/W3121491376","https://openalex.org/W3132883577","https://openalex.org/W3133843506","https://openalex.org/W3134441556","https://openalex.org/W3135012968","https://openalex.org/W3173250112","https://openalex.org/W4298289240","https://openalex.org/W6637568146","https://openalex.org/W6642098062","https://openalex.org/W6685316221","https://openalex.org/W6685352114","https://openalex.org/W6741832134"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3000097931","https://openalex.org/W2354322770","https://openalex.org/W4237547500","https://openalex.org/W1570848052","https://openalex.org/W2373192430","https://openalex.org/W4239268388","https://openalex.org/W1537496349","https://openalex.org/W4243305035","https://openalex.org/W2379407973","https://openalex.org/W2537408670"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Image":[0],"super-resolution":[1,38,67,114],"reconstruction":[2,39,115,179],"has":[3,45],"been":[4],"widely":[5],"used":[6,160],"in":[7,33,102,142,153,197,213,228],"remote":[8],"sensing,":[9],"medicine":[10],"and":[11,25,82,91,146,186,242],"other":[12],"fields.":[13],"In":[14],"recent":[15],"years,":[16],"due":[17],"to":[18,58,100,133,161,174,199],"the":[19,26,34,37,63,85,130,139,148,157,163,184,202,214,225,233,236,240,255],"rise":[20],"of":[21,29,117,150,165],"deep":[22,43],"learning":[23,44],"research":[24],"successful":[27],"application":[28,101],"convolutional":[30],"neural":[31],"networks":[32],"image":[35,66,87,166],"field,":[36],"technology":[40],"based":[41,69,120],"on":[42,70,121],"also":[46,190],"achieved":[47],"great":[48],"development.":[49],"However,":[50],"there":[51],"are":[52,245],"still":[53],"some":[54],"problems":[55],"that":[56,224],"need":[57],"be":[59],"solved.":[60],"For":[61],"example,":[62],"current":[64,256],"mainstream":[65],"algorithms":[68],"single":[71],"or":[72],"multiple":[73,143],"frames":[74],"pursue":[75],"high":[76],"performance":[77],"indicators":[78,244],"such":[79,108],"as":[80],"PSNR":[81,185,241],"SSIM,":[83],"while":[84],"reconstructed":[86,191],"is":[88,97,211],"relatively":[89],"smooth":[90],"lacks":[92],"many":[93],"high-frequency":[94,167,193,251],"details.":[95],"It":[96],"not":[98,181],"conducive":[99],"a":[103,113],"real":[104],"environment.":[105],"To":[106],"address":[107],"problem,":[109],"this":[110,229],"paper":[111,230],"proposes":[112],"model":[116,176,226],"sequential":[118,154],"images":[119,152],"Generative":[122],"Adversarial":[123],"Networks":[124],"(GAN).":[125],"The":[126,178],"proposed":[127,227],"approach":[128],"combines":[129],"registration":[131,207],"module":[132],"fuse":[134],"adjacent":[135],"frames,":[136,145],"effectively":[137,231],"use":[138],"detailed":[140],"information":[141,234],"consecutive":[144],"enhances":[147],"spatio-temporality":[149],"low-resolution":[151],"images.":[155,238],"While":[156],"GAN":[158,215],"was":[159,172],"improve":[162,201],"effect":[164],"texture":[168,252],"detail":[169,194],"reconstruction,":[170],"WGAN":[171],"introduced":[173,212],"optimize":[175],"training.":[177],"results":[180],"only":[182],"improved":[183],"SSIM":[187,243],"indexes":[188],"but":[189],"more":[192],"textures.":[195],"Finally,":[196],"order":[198],"further":[200],"perception":[203,217],"effect,":[204],"an":[205],"additional":[206],"loss":[208],"item":[209],"RLT":[210],"network":[216],"loss.":[218],"Through":[219],"extensive":[220],"experiments,":[221],"it":[222,247],"shows":[223],"obtains":[232],"between":[235],"sequence":[237],"When":[239],"improve,":[246],"can":[248],"reconstruct":[249],"better":[250],"details":[253],"than":[254],"advanced":[257],"multi-frame":[258],"algorithms.":[259]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
