{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3167291459","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3087751","title":"Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Last-Mile Delivery Considering Backhauls","display_name":"Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Last-Mile Delivery Considering Backhauls","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3167291459","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3087751","mag":"3167291459"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3087751","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3087751","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9312710/09449931.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9312710/09449931.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026337159","display_name":"Ahram Jeon","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3067-9547"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I197347611","display_name":"Korea University","ror":"https://ror.org/047dqcg40","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I197347611"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ahram Jeon","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graduate School of Management of Technology, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3067-9547","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate School of Management of Technology, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197347611"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058456665","display_name":"Joohang Kang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3799-848X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I197347611","display_name":"Korea University","ror":"https://ror.org/047dqcg40","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I197347611"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Joohang Kang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graduate School of Management of Technology, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate School of Management of Technology, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197347611"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103432133","display_name":"Byung-Il Choi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I197347611","display_name":"Korea University","ror":"https://ror.org/047dqcg40","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I197347611"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Byungil Choi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graduate School of Management of Technology, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate School of Management of Technology, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197347611"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032978450","display_name":"Nakyung Kim","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I197347611","display_name":"Korea University","ror":"https://ror.org/047dqcg40","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I197347611"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nakyung Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graduate School of Management of Technology, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate School of Management of Technology, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197347611"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069861418","display_name":"Joonyup Eun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4970-8224"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I197347611","display_name":"Korea University","ror":"https://ror.org/047dqcg40","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I197347611"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Joonyup Eun","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graduate School of Management of Technology, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4970-8224","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate School of Management of Technology, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197347611"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049936316","display_name":"Taesu Cheong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8340-825X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I197347611","display_name":"Korea University","ror":"https://ror.org/047dqcg40","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I197347611"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Taesu Cheong","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Industrial and Management Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8340-825X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Industrial and Management Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197347611"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5026337159"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197347611"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":3.9254,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":35,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93933193,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":null,"first_page":"85017","last_page":"85033"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10567","display_name":"Vehicle Routing Optimization Methods","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10567","display_name":"Vehicle Routing Optimization Methods","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11942","display_name":"Transportation and Mobility Innovations","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11133","display_name":"UAV Applications and Optimization","score":0.9936000108718872,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7431131601333618},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/backhaul","display_name":"Backhaul (telecommunications)","score":0.7085596919059753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/drone","display_name":"Drone","score":0.5746628642082214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/last-mile","display_name":"Last mile (transportation)","score":0.47325852513313293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vehicle-routing-problem","display_name":"Vehicle routing problem","score":0.46708178520202637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/integer-programming","display_name":"Integer programming","score":0.43883779644966125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pickup","display_name":"Pickup","score":0.4346412718296051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heuristic","display_name":"Heuristic","score":0.4243476986885071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.3438764810562134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/routing","display_name":"Routing (electronic design automation)","score":0.3078152537345886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.19691228866577148},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mile","display_name":"Mile","score":0.1955096423625946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.15526562929153442},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/base-station","display_name":"Base station","score":0.09567421674728394}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7431131601333618},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103760667","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q798444","display_name":"Backhaul (telecommunications)","level":3,"score":0.7085596919059753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59519942","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q650665","display_name":"Drone","level":2,"score":0.5746628642082214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45440154","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6494801","display_name":"Last mile (transportation)","level":3,"score":0.47325852513313293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123784306","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944041","display_name":"Vehicle routing problem","level":3,"score":0.46708178520202637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56086750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6042592","display_name":"Integer programming","level":2,"score":0.43883779644966125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776221269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q572648","display_name":"Pickup","level":3,"score":0.4346412718296051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173801870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q201413","display_name":"Heuristic","level":2,"score":0.4243476986885071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.3438764810562134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74172769","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1446839","display_name":"Routing (electronic design automation)","level":2,"score":0.3078152537345886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.19691228866577148},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186379835","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q253276","display_name":"Mile","level":2,"score":0.1955096423625946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.15526562929153442},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68649174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1379116","display_name":"Base station","level":2,"score":0.09567421674728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1276947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333","display_name":"Astronomy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3087751","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3087751","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9312710/09449931.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:c62d3d64d91e4bee9c5dab03a1dcb281","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/c62d3d64d91e4bee9c5dab03a1dcb281","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 9, Pp 85017-85033 (2021)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3087751","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3087751","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9312710/09449931.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":0.6000000238418579,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G124680302","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2020R1F1A1075832","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","funder_display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7382834786","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2020R1F1A1075832","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320328359","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Science and ICT, South Korea"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320671","display_name":"National Research Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/05s0g1g46"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","ror":"https://ror.org/013aysd81"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320328359","display_name":"Ministry of Science and ICT, South Korea","ror":"https://ror.org/01wpjm123"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3167291459.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3167291459.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":36,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1969191070","https://openalex.org/W1977319619","https://openalex.org/W1980753494","https://openalex.org/W1982761639","https://openalex.org/W1988939893","https://openalex.org/W1994863634","https://openalex.org/W2049287714","https://openalex.org/W2059618103","https://openalex.org/W2060422572","https://openalex.org/W2106371135","https://openalex.org/W2108753073","https://openalex.org/W2110342008","https://openalex.org/W2111563176","https://openalex.org/W2130819502","https://openalex.org/W2147090984","https://openalex.org/W2342331897","https://openalex.org/W2345135050","https://openalex.org/W2585570624","https://openalex.org/W2767831630","https://openalex.org/W2784102161","https://openalex.org/W2883050546","https://openalex.org/W2890722280","https://openalex.org/W2910105989","https://openalex.org/W2915338839","https://openalex.org/W2921867328","https://openalex.org/W2936641013","https://openalex.org/W2972055356","https://openalex.org/W2982221244","https://openalex.org/W2984182507","https://openalex.org/W3011794261","https://openalex.org/W3084064394","https://openalex.org/W3087935424","https://openalex.org/W3089899887","https://openalex.org/W3122711124","https://openalex.org/W3125535900","https://openalex.org/W4242130062"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4229448053","https://openalex.org/W4247925126","https://openalex.org/W4327774218","https://openalex.org/W2741596907","https://openalex.org/W4248894450","https://openalex.org/W4293253022","https://openalex.org/W2183192769","https://openalex.org/W3204694157","https://openalex.org/W2562017888","https://openalex.org/W2015026399"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Utilizing":[0],"unmanned":[1,17,32,71],"aerial":[2,18,33,72],"vehicles":[3,19],"for":[4],"delivery":[5],"service":[6,77],"has":[7],"been":[8,37],"drawing":[9],"attention":[10],"in":[11],"the":[12,66,92,104,126],"logistics":[13],"industry.":[14],"Since":[15],"commercial":[16],"have":[20,36,46],"fundamental":[21],"limitations":[22],"on":[23,48,147],"payloads":[24],"and":[25,31,115],"battery":[26],"capacities,":[27],"hybrid":[28],"ground":[29],"vehicle":[30,34,73],"models":[35,136],"actively":[38],"investigated":[39],"as":[40,99],"practical":[41],"solutions.":[42],"However,":[43],"these":[44],"studies":[45],"focused":[47],"linehaul":[49,76],"(delivery)":[50],"demands,":[51],"excluding":[52],"a":[53,84,116,138,150],"large":[54,151],"number":[55,152],"of":[56,103,128,153],"backhaul":[57,85],"(pickup)":[58],"demands.":[59],"If":[60],"we":[61,90,131],"consider":[62],"both":[63],"demands":[64],"at":[65],"same":[67],"time,":[68],"an":[69,100],"empty":[70],"that":[74,94],"finished":[75],"can":[78],"be":[79],"immediately":[80],"used":[81],"to":[82,120,134],"serve":[83],"customer.":[86],"In":[87],"this":[88],"study,":[89],"investigate":[91],"differences":[93],"arise":[95],"by":[96],"considering":[97],"backhauls":[98],"additional":[101],"element":[102],"routing":[105],"problem.":[106],"A":[107],"mixed":[108],"integer":[109],"linear":[110],"programming":[111],"model":[112],"is":[113,118,143],"developed,":[114],"heuristic":[117],"constructed":[119],"solve":[121],"large-scale":[122],"problems.":[123],"To":[124],"demonstrate":[125],"effectiveness":[127],"our":[129],"model,":[130],"compare":[132],"it":[133],"existing":[135],"using":[137],"real-world":[139],"example.":[140],"Our":[141],"solution":[142],"also":[144],"evaluated":[145],"based":[146],"experiments":[148],"employing":[149],"randomly":[154],"generated":[155],"datasets.":[156]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
