{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3145874261","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3087595","title":"Extraction of Instantaneous Frequencies and Amplitudes in Nonstationary Time-Series Data","display_name":"Extraction of Instantaneous Frequencies and Amplitudes in Nonstationary Time-Series Data","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3145874261","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3087595","mag":"3145874261"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3087595","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3087595","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9312710/09448199.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9312710/09448199.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022411638","display_name":"Daniel E. Shea","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0351-1629"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201448701","display_name":"University of Washington","ror":"https://ror.org/00cvxb145","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Daniel E. Shea","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA","ORCiD","Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"ORCiD","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061053574","display_name":"Rajiv Giridharagopal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6076-852X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201448701","display_name":"University of Washington","ror":"https://ror.org/00cvxb145","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rajiv Giridharagopal","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA","ORCiD","Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"ORCiD","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079382009","display_name":"David S. Ginger","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9759-5447"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201448701","display_name":"University of Washington","ror":"https://ror.org/00cvxb145","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David S. Ginger","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA","Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062653961","display_name":"Steven L. Brunton","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6565-5118"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201448701","display_name":"University of Washington","ror":"https://ror.org/00cvxb145","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Steven L. Brunton","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA","Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA","ORCiD"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"ORCiD","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083450863","display_name":"J. Nathan Kutz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6004-2275"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201448701","display_name":"University of Washington","ror":"https://ror.org/00cvxb145","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210138199","display_name":"University of Washington Applied Physics Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/03d17d270","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701","https://openalex.org/I4210138199"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J. Nathan Kutz","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA","ORCiD","Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"ORCiD","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210138199"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5022411638"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":1.0463,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":10,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.7586789,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":null,"first_page":"83453","last_page":"83466"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10923","display_name":"Force Microscopy Techniques and Applications","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10923","display_name":"Force Microscopy Techniques and Applications","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11449","display_name":"Mechanical and Optical Resonators","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10857","display_name":"Advanced Electron Microscopy Techniques and Applications","score":0.9925000071525574,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1315","display_name":"Structural Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6024640798568726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/series","display_name":"Series (stratigraphy)","score":0.5513864159584045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/time-series","display_name":"Time series","score":0.5178475975990295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/time\u2013frequency-analysis","display_name":"Time\u2013frequency analysis","score":0.4891984462738037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fourier-analysis","display_name":"Fourier analysis","score":0.4765894114971161},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.4550446569919586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fourier-transform","display_name":"Fourier transform","score":0.4462783634662628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nonlinear-system","display_name":"Nonlinear system","score":0.44048288464546204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/instantaneous-phase","display_name":"Instantaneous phase","score":0.41302162408828735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.21044397354125977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.19507035613059998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-analysis","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","score":0.1544133722782135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.12245103716850281},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.08427157998085022}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6024640798568726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143724316","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q312468","display_name":"Series (stratigraphy)","level":2,"score":0.5513864159584045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151406439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186588","display_name":"Time series","level":2,"score":0.5178475975990295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142433447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7806653","display_name":"Time\u2013frequency analysis","level":3,"score":0.4891984462738037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203024314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1365258","display_name":"Fourier analysis","level":3,"score":0.4765894114971161},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.4550446569919586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C102519508","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6520159","display_name":"Fourier transform","level":2,"score":0.4462783634662628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158622935","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q660848","display_name":"Nonlinear system","level":2,"score":0.44048288464546204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137798554","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6038852","display_name":"Instantaneous phase","level":3,"score":0.41302162408828735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.21044397354125977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.19507035613059998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.1544133722782135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.12245103716850281},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.08427157998085022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3087595","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3087595","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9312710/09448199.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2104.01293","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2104.01293","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2104.01293","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:28c3e1f29d8e4e8daf279d3ce0e6dcfb","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/28c3e1f29d8e4e8daf279d3ce0e6dcfb","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 9, Pp 83453-83466 (2021)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3087595","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3087595","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9312710/09448199.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1301677854","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"DMR-1719797","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320310094","funder_display_name":"University of Washington"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1798702661","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"MRSEC","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G311062248","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NNCI-1542101","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320310094","funder_display_name":"University of Washington"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3499273409","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NNCI-1542101","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332760","funder_display_name":"Clean Energy Institute"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5641747878","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"DMR-1719797","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320333422","funder_display_name":"Materials Research Science and Engineering Center, Harvard University"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6139170584","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"1719797","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337367","funder_display_name":"Division of Materials Research"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6282501294","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"DMR-1719797","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337367","funder_display_name":"Division of Materials Research"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6457474454","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NNCI-2025489","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332760","funder_display_name":"Clean Energy Institute"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6633974692","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"1542101","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7040388742","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NNCI-2025489","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320310094","funder_display_name":"University of Washington"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7110645669","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NNCI-2025489","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7491996424","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NNCI-154210","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7685609998","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2025489","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7765571271","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"MRSEC","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337367","funder_display_name":"Division of Materials Research"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7906688334","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"DMR-1719797","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7908228807","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Molecular","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G848032724","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Science","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8867573492","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"1719797","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320310094","display_name":"University of Washington","ror":"https://ror.org/00cvxb145"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332760","display_name":"Clean Energy Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/00cvxb145"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320333422","display_name":"Materials Research Science and Engineering Center, Harvard University","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337367","display_name":"Division of Materials Research","ror":"https://ror.org/01pc7k308"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3145874261.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3145874261.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":61,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W579798162","https://openalex.org/W616193750","https://openalex.org/W1430048851","https://openalex.org/W1615425024","https://openalex.org/W1656955244","https://openalex.org/W1735866749","https://openalex.org/W1964701252","https://openalex.org/W1970591037","https://openalex.org/W1972125873","https://openalex.org/W1998704834","https://openalex.org/W2000982976","https://openalex.org/W2007221293","https://openalex.org/W2008155406","https://openalex.org/W2011253532","https://openalex.org/W2020997493","https://openalex.org/W2026036269","https://openalex.org/W2036595722","https://openalex.org/W2045468728","https://openalex.org/W2060439639","https://openalex.org/W2064675550","https://openalex.org/W2082560343","https://openalex.org/W2092033566","https://openalex.org/W2102372511","https://openalex.org/W2112690945","https://openalex.org/W2115755118","https://openalex.org/W2158773933","https://openalex.org/W2283630670","https://openalex.org/W2345506836","https://openalex.org/W2506618851","https://openalex.org/W2510521183","https://openalex.org/W2557283755","https://openalex.org/W2623157355","https://openalex.org/W2736989556","https://openalex.org/W2782714865","https://openalex.org/W2789764998","https://openalex.org/W2896494171","https://openalex.org/W2914759517","https://openalex.org/W2915622878","https://openalex.org/W2919431137","https://openalex.org/W2958872067","https://openalex.org/W2962837684","https://openalex.org/W2963561047","https://openalex.org/W2964010366","https://openalex.org/W2969896266","https://openalex.org/W3011339784","https://openalex.org/W3015146375","https://openalex.org/W3023620824","https://openalex.org/W3025648785","https://openalex.org/W3040511988","https://openalex.org/W3041462881","https://openalex.org/W3100951210","https://openalex.org/W3102382472","https://openalex.org/W3129071058","https://openalex.org/W3146166473","https://openalex.org/W4210968171","https://openalex.org/W4241115065","https://openalex.org/W4248004713","https://openalex.org/W4289684174","https://openalex.org/W6636714508","https://openalex.org/W6775154854","https://openalex.org/W6785792850"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2134843605","https://openalex.org/W1973229893","https://openalex.org/W3091698330","https://openalex.org/W1619742598","https://openalex.org/W2085916502","https://openalex.org/W116012085","https://openalex.org/W2362530701","https://openalex.org/W2121898104","https://openalex.org/W2889771308","https://openalex.org/W2394182905"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Time-series":[0],"analysis":[1,38],"is":[2,62,90],"critical":[3],"for":[4,71,78],"a":[5,33,65,93],"diversity":[6,94],"of":[7,17,42,45,51,82,95,111],"applications":[8],"in":[9,56],"science":[10],"and":[11,27,73,85],"engineering.":[12],"By":[13],"leveraging":[14],"the":[15,22,43,49,79,108,115],"strengths":[16],"modern":[18],"gradient":[19],"descent":[20],"algorithms,":[21],"Fourier":[23,67],"transform,":[24],"multi-resolution":[25],"analysis,":[26,30],"Bayesian":[28],"spectral":[29],"we":[31],"propose":[32],"data-driven":[34],"approach":[35],"to":[36,64,106],"time-frequency":[37],"that":[39],"circumvents":[40],"many":[41],"shortcomings":[44],"classic":[46],"approaches,":[47],"including":[48,98],"extraction":[50],"nonstationary":[52,66,72],"signals":[53],"with":[54],"discontinuities":[55],"their":[57,86],"behavior.":[58],"The":[59,88],"method":[60,89],"introduced":[61],"equivalent":[63],"mode":[68],"decomposition":[69],"(NFMD)":[70],"nonlinear":[74],"temporal":[75],"signals,":[76],"allowing":[77],"accurate":[80],"identification":[81],"instantaneous":[83],"frequencies":[84],"amplitudes.":[87],"demonstrated":[91],"on":[92,99],"time-series":[96],"data,":[97],"data":[100],"from":[101],"cantilever-based":[102],"electrostatic":[103],"force":[104],"microscopy":[105],"quantify":[107],"time-dependent":[109],"evolution":[110],"charging":[112],"dynamics":[113],"at":[114],"nanoscale.":[116]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-04-11T08:14:18.477133","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
