{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3170387719","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3087507","title":"GPU-RRTMG_SW: Accelerating a Shortwave Radiative Transfer Scheme on GPU","display_name":"GPU-RRTMG_SW: Accelerating a Shortwave Radiative Transfer Scheme on GPU","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3170387719","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3087507","mag":"3170387719"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3087507","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3087507","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9312710/09448239.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9312710/09448239.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100439378","display_name":"Zhenzhen Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3910-2517"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3125743391","display_name":"China University of Geosciences (Beijing)","ror":"https://ror.org/04q6c7p66","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3125743391"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhenzhen Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Engineering, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Engineering, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3125743391"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100651939","display_name":"Yuzhu Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0449-2973"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3125743391","display_name":"China University of Geosciences (Beijing)","ror":"https://ror.org/04q6c7p66","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3125743391"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuzhu Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Engineering, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0449-2973","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Engineering, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3125743391"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002497225","display_name":"Xiaocong Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8598-1861"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210152758","display_name":"Institute of Atmospheric Physics","ror":"https://ror.org/0424h4e32","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210152758"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaocong Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210152758","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100325815","display_name":"Fei Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3619-0040"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3125743391","display_name":"China University of Geosciences (Beijing)","ror":"https://ror.org/04q6c7p66","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3125743391"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fei Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Engineering, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Engineering, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3125743391"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073377159","display_name":"Chen Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2707-2624"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3125743391","display_name":"China University of Geosciences (Beijing)","ror":"https://ror.org/04q6c7p66","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3125743391"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chen Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Engineering, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Engineering, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3125743391"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071150396","display_name":"Hangtian Hu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6985-4042"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3125743391","display_name":"China University of Geosciences (Beijing)","ror":"https://ror.org/04q6c7p66","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3125743391"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hangtian Hu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Engineering, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6985-4042","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Engineering, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3125743391"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058280062","display_name":"Jinrong Jiang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4463-8666"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210108629","display_name":"Computer Network Information Center","ror":"https://ror.org/01s0wyf50","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210108629"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jinrong Jiang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Network Information Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4463-8666","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Network Information Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210108629","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":1.3265,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":13,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.78702607,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":null,"first_page":"84231","last_page":"84240"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10466","display_name":"Meteorological Phenomena and Simulations","score":0.9955000281333923,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10466","display_name":"Meteorological Phenomena and Simulations","score":0.9955000281333923,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10481","display_name":"Computer Graphics and Visualization Techniques","score":0.9873999953269958,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1704","display_name":"Computer Graphics and Computer-Aided Design"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12304","display_name":"Radiative Heat Transfer Studies","score":0.9830999970436096,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2206","display_name":"Computational Mechanics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.699059009552002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/shortwave","display_name":"Shortwave","score":0.6605546474456787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cuda","display_name":"CUDA","score":0.6563066244125366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parallel-computing","display_name":"Parallel computing","score":0.588394045829773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scheme","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","score":0.5818421840667725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/general-purpose-computing-on-graphics-processing-units","display_name":"General-purpose computing on graphics processing units","score":0.5755292773246765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computational-science","display_name":"Computational science","score":0.5038926005363464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/atmospheric-radiative-transfer-codes","display_name":"Atmospheric radiative transfer codes","score":0.41686898469924927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radiative-transfer","display_name":"Radiative transfer","score":0.3644413352012634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-graphics","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","score":0.35391107201576233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.2139855921268463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graphics","display_name":"Graphics","score":0.10835117101669312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.08912542462348938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.08540251851081848}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.699059009552002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776272892","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7502249","display_name":"Shortwave","level":3,"score":0.6605546474456787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778119891","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q477690","display_name":"CUDA","level":2,"score":0.6563066244125366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.588394045829773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77618280","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1155772","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5818421840667725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50630238","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q971505","display_name":"General-purpose computing on graphics processing units","level":3,"score":0.5755292773246765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C459310","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q117801","display_name":"Computational science","level":1,"score":0.5038926005363464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199390426","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2353151","display_name":"Atmospheric radiative transfer codes","level":3,"score":0.41686898469924927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74902906","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1190858","display_name":"Radiative transfer","level":2,"score":0.3644413352012634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121684516","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7600677","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","level":1,"score":0.35391107201576233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.2139855921268463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21442007","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1027879","display_name":"Graphics","level":2,"score":0.10835117101669312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.08912542462348938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.08540251851081848},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3087507","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3087507","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9312710/09448239.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:f39eec64001a42e4abbe1f2592840550","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/f39eec64001a42e4abbe1f2592840550","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 9, Pp 84231-84240 (2021)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3087507","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3087507","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9312710/09448239.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3317612542","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2016YFB0200800","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3761153610","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61602477","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4588672186","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2016YFB0200800","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334518","display_name":"EarthLab, University of Washington","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3170387719.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3170387719.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":30,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W605504052","https://openalex.org/W1966192292","https://openalex.org/W1975079018","https://openalex.org/W1989660017","https://openalex.org/W2000335122","https://openalex.org/W2010341850","https://openalex.org/W2054389376","https://openalex.org/W2063861626","https://openalex.org/W2067141648","https://openalex.org/W2080312594","https://openalex.org/W2103369416","https://openalex.org/W2128216366","https://openalex.org/W2153689314","https://openalex.org/W2163382035","https://openalex.org/W2292136785","https://openalex.org/W2312103215","https://openalex.org/W2333774963","https://openalex.org/W2466705520","https://openalex.org/W2586378910","https://openalex.org/W2586610618","https://openalex.org/W2591732941","https://openalex.org/W2772494232","https://openalex.org/W2799784288","https://openalex.org/W2976946381","https://openalex.org/W2999418900","https://openalex.org/W3013316735","https://openalex.org/W3094258844","https://openalex.org/W3094301880","https://openalex.org/W3142170930","https://openalex.org/W4237401022"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1963859303","https://openalex.org/W2364044215","https://openalex.org/W2389600408","https://openalex.org/W240129890","https://openalex.org/W3048701459","https://openalex.org/W2149078538","https://openalex.org/W2370314112","https://openalex.org/W1912958759","https://openalex.org/W2792081825","https://openalex.org/W2893308117"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"As":[0],"high":[1],"performance":[2],"computing":[3,19],"technology":[4,58,72],"continues":[5],"to":[6,33,59,73,104,154],"develop":[7],"rapidly,":[8],"graphics":[9],"processing":[10],"units":[11],"(GPUs)":[12],"are":[13,81,134],"more":[14],"widely":[15],"used":[16],"for":[17,44,87],"daily":[18],"tasks.":[20],"However,":[21],"some":[22],"applications,":[23],"such":[24],"as":[25],"weather":[26],"forecasting,":[27],"require":[28],"large-scale":[29],"computation.":[30],"Thus,":[31],"due":[32],"the":[34,39,50,63,75,130],"computationally":[35],"intensive":[36],"characteristics":[37],"of":[38,62,68,111],"rapid":[40],"radiative":[41],"transfer":[42],"model":[43],"general":[45],"circulation":[46],"models":[47],"(RRTMG)":[48],"in":[49],"Earth":[51],"system":[52],"model,":[53],"this":[54],"study":[55],"uses":[56],"GPU-related":[57],"accelerate":[60,74],"computation":[61],"model.":[64],"First,":[65],"two":[66,108],"kinds":[67],"algorithms":[69,133],"using":[70,98],"GPU":[71,109,147],"RRTMG":[76],"shortwave":[77],"radiation":[78],"scheme":[79],"(RRTMG_SW)":[80],"proposed.":[82,95],"Then,":[83],"an":[84],"optimization":[85],"method":[86],"data":[88],"transmission":[89],"between":[90],"host":[91],"and":[92,101,118],"device":[93],"is":[94],"Finally,":[96],"after":[97],"CUDA":[99,102],"Fortran":[100,116],"C":[103,121],"implement":[105],"these":[106],"algorithms,":[107],"versions":[110],"RRTMG_SW,":[112],"namely":[113],"CF-RRTMG_SW":[114],"(CUDA":[115,120],"version)":[117],"CC-RRTMG_SW":[119,140],"version),":[122],"were":[123],"developed.":[124],"The":[125],"experimental":[126],"results":[127],"demonstrate":[128],"that":[129],"proposed":[131],"acceleration":[132],"effective.":[135],"Without":[136],"I/O":[137],"transfer,":[138],"running":[139],"on":[141],"a":[142,149,155],"NVIDIA":[143],"GeForce":[144],"Titan":[145],"V":[146],"achieved":[148],"38.88\u00d7":[150],"speedup":[151],"when":[152],"compared":[153],"single":[156],"Intel":[157],"Xeon":[158],"E5-2680":[159],"CPU":[160],"core.":[161]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":10}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
