{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3171130890","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3086531","title":"SIR<sub>1</sub>R<sub>2</sub>: Characterizing Malware Propagation in WSNs With Second Immunization","display_name":"SIR<sub>1</sub>R<sub>2</sub>: Characterizing Malware Propagation in WSNs With Second Immunization","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3171130890","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3086531","mag":"3171130890"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3086531","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3086531","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9312710/09446857.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9312710/09446857.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040787870","display_name":"Ye Xiao-Tong","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I192209268","display_name":"Shaoxing University","ror":"https://ror.org/0435tej63","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I192209268"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaotong Ye","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I192209268"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100538897","display_name":"Sisi Xie","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-2460-3009"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I192209268","display_name":"Shaoxing University","ror":"https://ror.org/0435tej63","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I192209268"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sisi Xie","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I192209268"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030903260","display_name":"Shigen Shen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7558-5379"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I192209268","display_name":"Shaoxing University","ror":"https://ror.org/0435tej63","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I192209268"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shigen Shen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7558-5379","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I192209268"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I192209268"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":1.3573,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":12,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.81019078,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":null,"first_page":"82083","last_page":"82093"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10482","display_name":"Mathematical and Theoretical Epidemiology and Ecology Models","score":0.9973999857902527,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10482","display_name":"Mathematical and Theoretical Epidemiology and Ecology Models","score":0.9973999857902527,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.9945999979972839,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10246","display_name":"Mobile Ad Hoc Networks","score":0.9771000146865845,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/malware","display_name":"Malware","score":0.8573108315467834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7317410707473755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/node","display_name":"Node (physics)","score":0.668662428855896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless-sensor-network","display_name":"Wireless sensor network","score":0.602383017539978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.4447399973869324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.4445885419845581},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mechanism","display_name":"Mechanism (biology)","score":0.4131203293800354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.4125477075576782},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.39667490124702454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.14241266250610352}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C541664917","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14001","display_name":"Malware","level":2,"score":0.8573108315467834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7317410707473755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62611344","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1062658","display_name":"Node (physics)","level":2,"score":0.668662428855896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24590314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q336038","display_name":"Wireless sensor network","level":2,"score":0.602383017539978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.4447399973869324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.4445885419845581},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89611455","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6804646","display_name":"Mechanism (biology)","level":2,"score":0.4131203293800354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.4125477075576782},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.39667490124702454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.14241266250610352},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3086531","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3086531","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9312710/09446857.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:47ae2699f65d449c98a05505703838ea","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/47ae2699f65d449c98a05505703838ea","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 9, Pp 82083-82093 (2021)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3086531","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3086531","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9312710/09446857.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":0.49000000953674316}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5570230099","display_name":"\u9762\u5411\u6076\u610f\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4f20\u64ad\u7684\u5f02\u8d28\u4f20\u611f\u7f51\u53ef\u9760\u5ea6\u8bc4\u4f30\u548c\u4e3b\u52a8\u9632\u5fa1\u7b56\u7565\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"61772018","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3171130890.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3171130890.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":57,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1770560507","https://openalex.org/W1969419441","https://openalex.org/W1976506837","https://openalex.org/W1997388480","https://openalex.org/W2012508313","https://openalex.org/W2020880854","https://openalex.org/W2021125080","https://openalex.org/W2061020560","https://openalex.org/W2080066817","https://openalex.org/W2112680994","https://openalex.org/W2116164611","https://openalex.org/W2118847774","https://openalex.org/W2173943446","https://openalex.org/W2277658786","https://openalex.org/W2403420565","https://openalex.org/W2414549464","https://openalex.org/W2465493577","https://openalex.org/W2476629869","https://openalex.org/W2513440331","https://openalex.org/W2560240198","https://openalex.org/W2561599159","https://openalex.org/W2598939142","https://openalex.org/W2612545613","https://openalex.org/W2751969692","https://openalex.org/W2755649701","https://openalex.org/W2758284209","https://openalex.org/W2765509587","https://openalex.org/W2767317751","https://openalex.org/W2772332910","https://openalex.org/W2775510260","https://openalex.org/W2785022326","https://openalex.org/W2793023627","https://openalex.org/W2793251195","https://openalex.org/W2906719522","https://openalex.org/W2914511918","https://openalex.org/W2921770285","https://openalex.org/W2936508005","https://openalex.org/W2944727840","https://openalex.org/W2955427010","https://openalex.org/W2962164552","https://openalex.org/W2966031774","https://openalex.org/W2970534419","https://openalex.org/W2975208578","https://openalex.org/W2981181590","https://openalex.org/W2991184444","https://openalex.org/W2999269122","https://openalex.org/W3010248270","https://openalex.org/W3015015459","https://openalex.org/W3019795659","https://openalex.org/W3048999977","https://openalex.org/W3088307795","https://openalex.org/W3088736640","https://openalex.org/W3098649191","https://openalex.org/W3099414328","https://openalex.org/W3103528139","https://openalex.org/W3114938503","https://openalex.org/W3134669321"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2097492617","https://openalex.org/W2753240997","https://openalex.org/W1764168690","https://openalex.org/W2537959205","https://openalex.org/W2740895074","https://openalex.org/W2772446090","https://openalex.org/W4284893819","https://openalex.org/W3152891574","https://openalex.org/W4316881845","https://openalex.org/W2975527072"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"As":[0],"an":[1,70,124],"infrastructure":[2],"of":[3,5,40,52,60,64,77,102,109,152,164],"Internet":[4],"Things,":[6],"WSNs":[7,19,56],"(Wireless":[8],"Sensor":[9],"Networks)":[10],"play":[11],"a":[12,78],"more":[13,15],"and":[14,24,31,57,149,162,170,179],"important":[16],"role.":[17],"However,":[18],"are":[20],"vulnerable":[21],"to":[22,36,47,88,114,122],"malware":[23,25,41,53,72,138,174],"can":[26,98],"destroy":[27],"their":[28],"data":[29],"security":[30],"integrity,":[32],"which":[33],"motivates":[34],"us":[35],"explore":[37],"the":[38,48,55,58,61,90,107,118,132,142,147,160,165,177,181],"role":[39],"propagation":[42,50,73,91,175],"in":[43,54,75,117,131,141,176],"WSNs.":[44,119,133,143],"First,":[45],"according":[46],"actual":[49],"characteristics":[51],"process":[59],"density":[62,108],"change":[63],"all":[65,110],"node":[66,111],"types,":[67],"we":[68,83,97,145,158],"propose":[69],"epidemiology-based":[71],"model":[74,183],"consideration":[76],"secondary":[79,166],"immune":[80],"mechanism.":[81],"Then":[82],"set":[84],"up":[85],"differential":[86,95],"equations":[87],"describe":[89],"model.":[92],"By":[93],"solving":[94],"equations,":[96],"obtain":[99],"two":[100,154],"kinds":[101],"equilibrium":[103,125,155],"points":[104],"indicating":[105],"that":[106,137],"types":[112],"tends":[113],"be":[115],"stable":[116],"One":[120],"is":[121,136],"achieve":[123],"where":[126],"only":[127],"susceptible":[128],"nodes":[129],"exist":[130],"The":[134],"other":[135],"always":[139],"exists":[140],"Moreover,":[144],"prove":[146],"local":[148],"global":[150],"stability":[151],"these":[153],"points.":[156],"Eventually,":[157],"analyze":[159],"influence":[161],"effect":[163],"immunity,":[167],"forgetting":[168],"mechanism":[169,172],"containment":[171],"on":[173],"WSNs,":[178],"validate":[180],"proposed":[182],"through":[184],"simulations.":[185]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}