{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3168681765","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3085410","title":"Resilience-Oriented Behind-the-Meter Energy Storage System Evaluation for Mission-Critical Facilities","display_name":"Resilience-Oriented Behind-the-Meter Energy Storage System Evaluation for Mission-Critical Facilities","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3168681765","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3085410","mag":"3168681765"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3085410","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3085410","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9312710/09445050.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9312710/09445050.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018647864","display_name":"Farhad Angizeh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2346-1312"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102322142","display_name":"Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey","ror":"https://ror.org/05vt9qd57","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102322142"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Farhad Angizeh","raw_affiliation_strings":["The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2346-1312","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102322142"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075217659","display_name":"Ali Ghofrani","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9566-5798"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I60342839","display_name":"Qatar University","ror":"https://ror.org/00yhnba62","country_code":"QA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I60342839"]}],"countries":["QA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ali Ghofrani","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I60342839"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001447271","display_name":"Esmat Zaidan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7813-3362"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I60342839","display_name":"Qatar University","ror":"https://ror.org/00yhnba62","country_code":"QA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I60342839"]}],"countries":["QA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Esmat Zaidan","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I60342839"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061500182","display_name":"Mohsen A. Jafari","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8345-083X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102322142","display_name":"Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey","ror":"https://ror.org/05vt9qd57","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102322142"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohsen A. Jafari","raw_affiliation_strings":["The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102322142"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":1.7585,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":22,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.82824443,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":null,"first_page":"80854","last_page":"80865"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11807","display_name":"Infrastructure Resilience and Vulnerability Analysis","score":0.9972000122070312,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11807","display_name":"Infrastructure Resilience and Vulnerability Analysis","score":0.9972000122070312,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10603","display_name":"Smart Grid Energy Management","score":0.996999979019165,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11941","display_name":"Power System Reliability and Maintenance","score":0.9958999752998352,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2213","display_name":"Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resilience","display_name":"Resilience (materials science)","score":0.6641262769699097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/backup","display_name":"Backup","score":0.6639288067817688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6569284796714783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability-engineering","display_name":"Reliability engineering","score":0.6311607956886292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-storage","display_name":"Energy storage","score":0.536972165107727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electric-power-system","display_name":"Electric power system","score":0.5082173347473145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/photovoltaic-system","display_name":"Photovoltaic system","score":0.5019097328186035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/procurement","display_name":"Procurement","score":0.4818662106990814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grid","display_name":"Grid","score":0.4626982808113098},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/integer-programming","display_name":"Integer programming","score":0.451901376247406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linear-programming","display_name":"Linear programming","score":0.41501230001449585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/probabilistic-logic","display_name":"Probabilistic logic","score":0.41281771659851074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.2796255946159363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.1883830428123474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.13744989037513733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/database","display_name":"Database","score":0.1109357476234436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.10794830322265625}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779585090","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3457762","display_name":"Resilience (materials science)","level":2,"score":0.6641262769699097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780945871","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194274","display_name":"Backup","level":2,"score":0.6639288067817688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6569284796714783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200601418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2193887","display_name":"Reliability engineering","level":1,"score":0.6311607956886292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73916439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837718","display_name":"Energy storage","level":3,"score":0.536972165107727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89227174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2388981","display_name":"Electric power system","level":3,"score":0.5082173347473145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41291067","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1897785","display_name":"Photovoltaic system","level":2,"score":0.5019097328186035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201650216","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q829492","display_name":"Procurement","level":2,"score":0.4818662106990814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187691185","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2020720","display_name":"Grid","level":2,"score":0.4626982808113098},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56086750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6042592","display_name":"Integer programming","level":2,"score":0.451901376247406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41045048","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q202843","display_name":"Linear programming","level":2,"score":0.41501230001449585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49937458","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2599292","display_name":"Probabilistic logic","level":2,"score":0.41281771659851074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.2796255946159363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.1883830428123474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.13744989037513733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.1109357476234436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.10794830322265625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162853370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809","display_name":"Marketing","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3085410","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3085410","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9312710/09445050.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:6bc5f977fb1d4a25a0bd67d44f136a9e","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/6bc5f977fb1d4a25a0bd67d44f136a9e","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 9, Pp 80854-80865 (2021)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:qspace.qu.edu.qa:10576/63182","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2021.3085410","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400014","display_name":"Qatar University QSpace (Qatar University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I60342839","host_organization_name":"Qatar University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I60342839"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3085410","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3085410","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9312710/09445050.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.8199999928474426}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6180663151","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NPRP11S-1228-170142","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332753","funder_display_name":"Qatar National Research Fund"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7061596728","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NPRP11S-1228-170142","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309815","funder_display_name":"Qatar Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309815","display_name":"Qatar Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/01cawbq05"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321038","display_name":"Fonds National de la Recherche Luxembourg","ror":"https://ror.org/039z13y21"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332753","display_name":"Qatar National Research Fund","ror":"https://ror.org/01svaqq28"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334468","display_name":"Qatar National Library","ror":"https://ror.org/02jv93662"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3168681765.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3168681765.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":31,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W564048488","https://openalex.org/W1569990960","https://openalex.org/W1596799020","https://openalex.org/W1984266441","https://openalex.org/W2063534863","https://openalex.org/W2141829457","https://openalex.org/W2159845197","https://openalex.org/W2183118044","https://openalex.org/W2240665526","https://openalex.org/W2312682434","https://openalex.org/W2412667985","https://openalex.org/W2516949065","https://openalex.org/W2613791018","https://openalex.org/W2736691150","https://openalex.org/W2749050852","https://openalex.org/W2885792978","https://openalex.org/W2909180226","https://openalex.org/W2914669485","https://openalex.org/W2930682856","https://openalex.org/W2962892580","https://openalex.org/W2963730561","https://openalex.org/W2968227278","https://openalex.org/W2976621169","https://openalex.org/W3008563679","https://openalex.org/W3008887091","https://openalex.org/W3011706462","https://openalex.org/W3045453380","https://openalex.org/W3158417132","https://openalex.org/W6615821545","https://openalex.org/W6686105125","https://openalex.org/W6794518289"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2611584639","https://openalex.org/W2144631242","https://openalex.org/W3105940182","https://openalex.org/W4311791527","https://openalex.org/W2062423859","https://openalex.org/W2133172823","https://openalex.org/W2086872189","https://openalex.org/W1998918607","https://openalex.org/W2107201328","https://openalex.org/W1660375494"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Immunization":[0],"of":[1,23,77,87,148,156,160,173,183,211,265,276,283],"mission-critical":[2],"facilities":[3,185,280],"such":[4],"as":[5,63,92,111],"hospitals":[6],"and":[7,44,105,225],"first":[8],"responders":[9],"against":[10],"power":[11,125,149,259,285],"outages":[12,150,228],"is":[13,90,97,117,130,151,203,216,255],"crucial":[14],"for":[15,53,122,274],"the":[16,24,75,84,93,141,164,171,177,209,212,233,266,277],"operators":[17,40,72],"due":[18],"to":[19,41,73,99,139,169,261],"their":[20,47],"significant":[21],"value":[22],"lost":[25],"load,":[26],"affecting":[27],"citizens'":[28],"lives.":[29],"This":[30],"paper":[31],"proposes":[32],"a":[33,64,118,133,154,157,181,204,247],"novel":[34],"evaluating":[35,214],"framework":[36,215],"which":[37,116,202],"enables":[38],"facility":[39,71],"efficiently":[42],"size":[43],"optimally":[45],"dispatch":[46],"behind-the-meter":[48],"energy":[49,120,135],"storage":[50],"systems":[51],"(BTM-ESS)":[52],"resiliency":[54],"purposes":[55],"during":[56],"grid":[57,227],"emergencies.":[58],"The":[59,127,146,242],"proposed":[60,128,213],"framework,":[61],"formulated":[62],"mixed":[65],"integer":[66],"linear":[67],"programming":[68],"model,":[69,137],"aids":[70],"quantify":[74],"impacts":[76,172],"various":[78,192],"BTM-ESSs":[79],"on":[80,132,176,232],"resilience":[81,94,272],"enhancement":[82],"where":[83,222],"Avoided":[85],"Loss":[86],"Load":[88],"(ALOL)":[89],"incorporated":[91],"indicator.":[95],"BTM-ESS":[96,178,248],"assumed":[98],"be":[100],"operated":[101],"in":[102,281],"both":[103,223],"standalone":[104],"coupled":[106],"with":[107,191,249],"solar":[108],"photovoltaic":[109],"(PV)":[110],"an":[112],"onside":[113],"backup":[114],"generation":[115],"viable":[119],"solution":[121],"more":[123,264],"prolonged":[124],"outages.":[126,286],"model":[129],"developed":[131],"probabilistic":[134],"procurement":[136],"aiming":[138],"minimize":[140],"facility's":[142,267],"total":[143],"operation":[144],"cost.":[145],"uncertainty":[147],"characterized":[152],"by":[153,163,196],"set":[155,182],"large":[158],"number":[159],"scenarios":[161],"generated":[162],"brute-force":[165],"enumeration":[166],"method.":[167],"Additionally,":[168],"analyze":[170],"facilities'":[174],"behaviors":[175],"evaluation":[179],"procedure,":[180],"24":[184,278],"from":[186,238],"different":[187],"end":[188],"use":[189],"sectors":[190],"functionalities":[193],"are":[194,229],"simulated":[195],"employing":[197],"our":[198],"in-house-developed":[199],"building":[200],"simulator,":[201],"physics-based":[205],"simulation":[206,243],"tool.":[207],"Finally,":[208],"practicality":[210],"investigated":[217],"through":[218],"two":[219],"case":[220,282],"studies":[221],"short":[224],"long-duration":[226],"examined":[230],"based":[231],"historical":[234],"outage":[235],"data":[236],"adopted":[237],"New":[239],"Jersey,":[240],"USA.":[241],"results":[244],"reveal":[245],"that":[246,254],"4":[250],"hours":[251],"discharge":[252],"duration":[253],"sized":[256],"at":[257],"rated":[258],"equal":[260],"50%":[262],"or":[263],"peak":[268],"load":[269],"generates":[270],"sufficient":[271],"benefits":[273],"most":[275],"representative":[279],"short-duration":[284]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}