{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3171701346","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3085244","title":"Is It Necessary to Fully Charge Your Electric Vehicle?","display_name":"Is It Necessary to Fully Charge Your Electric Vehicle?","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3171701346","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3085244","mag":"3171701346"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3085244","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3085244","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9312710/09445087.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9312710/09445087.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058425001","display_name":"Claude Ziad El\u2010Bayeh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8268-8878"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I60158472","display_name":"Concordia University","ror":"https://ror.org/0420zvk78","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I60158472"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Claude Ziad El-Bayeh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Canada Excellence Research Chairs Team, Concordia University, Montreal, Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8268-8878","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Canada Excellence Research Chairs Team, Concordia University, Montreal, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I60158472"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022106411","display_name":"Sadam Hussain","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4260-3427"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I60158472","display_name":"Concordia University","ror":"https://ror.org/0420zvk78","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I60158472"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sadam Hussain","raw_affiliation_strings":["Canada Excellence Research Chairs Team, Concordia University, Montreal, Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4260-3427","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Canada Excellence Research Chairs Team, Concordia University, Montreal, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I60158472"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067735583","display_name":"Ursula Eicker","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6851-250X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I60158472","display_name":"Concordia University","ror":"https://ror.org/0420zvk78","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I60158472"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ursula Eicker","raw_affiliation_strings":["Canada Excellence Research Chairs Team, Concordia University, Montreal, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Canada Excellence Research Chairs Team, Concordia University, Montreal, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I60158472"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082160203","display_name":"Walid Alqaisi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6094-288X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210136017","display_name":"University of Doha for Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/041ddxq18","country_code":"QA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210136017"]}],"countries":["QA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Walid Alqaisi","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Engineering Technology, College of the North Atlantic, Doha, Qatar"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6094-288X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering Technology, College of the North Atlantic, Doha, Qatar","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210136017"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006957394","display_name":"Mohamed Zellagui","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2558-2273"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162489102","display_name":"University of Batna 1","ror":"https://ror.org/04hrbe508","country_code":"DZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162489102"]}],"countries":["DZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohamed Zellagui","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Technology, University of Batna 2, Batna, Algeria"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2558-2273","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Technology, University of Batna 2, Batna, Algeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162489102"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":0.186,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.48641956,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":null,"first_page":"81612","last_page":"81623"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10663","display_name":"Advanced Battery Technologies Research","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10663","display_name":"Advanced Battery Technologies Research","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10768","display_name":"Electric Vehicles and Infrastructure","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10603","display_name":"Smart Grid Energy Management","score":0.9968000054359436,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electric-vehicle","display_name":"Electric vehicle","score":0.616214394569397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/state-of-charge","display_name":"State of charge","score":0.60560542345047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automotive-engineering","display_name":"Automotive engineering","score":0.5740582942962646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4946703612804413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/battery","display_name":"Battery (electricity)","score":0.46901625394821167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/charge-control","display_name":"Charge control","score":0.4200626015663147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.345459520816803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.22656098008155823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.10795459151268005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.10251370072364807}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776422217","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13629441","display_name":"Electric vehicle","level":3,"score":0.616214394569397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776582896","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5368536","display_name":"State of charge","level":4,"score":0.60560542345047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171146098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124192","display_name":"Automotive engineering","level":1,"score":0.5740582942962646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4946703612804413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555008776","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q267298","display_name":"Battery (electricity)","level":3,"score":0.46901625394821167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777681924","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5074262","display_name":"Charge control","level":4,"score":0.4200626015663147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.345459520816803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.22656098008155823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.10795459151268005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.10251370072364807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3085244","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3085244","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9312710/09445087.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:72acc51023bf4cd7b684b449b85172b7","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/72acc51023bf4cd7b684b449b85172b7","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 9, Pp 81612-81623 (2021)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:figshare.com:article/24717654","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/Is_It_Necessary_to_Fully_Charge_Your_Electric_Vehicle_/24717654","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196282","display_name":"Figshare","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210132348","host_organization_name":"Figshare (United Kingdom)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210132348"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3085244","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3085244","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9312710/09445087.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8799999952316284,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321481","display_name":"Canada Excellence Research Chairs, Government of Canada","ror":"https://ror.org/02tvrwm90"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3171701346.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3171701346.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":35,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W953225761","https://openalex.org/W1544204844","https://openalex.org/W1967449400","https://openalex.org/W1989518332","https://openalex.org/W2003250804","https://openalex.org/W2011896185","https://openalex.org/W2024384864","https://openalex.org/W2045870698","https://openalex.org/W2082291889","https://openalex.org/W2225088368","https://openalex.org/W2440681194","https://openalex.org/W2444333355","https://openalex.org/W2507455983","https://openalex.org/W2509918487","https://openalex.org/W2560199170","https://openalex.org/W2588616313","https://openalex.org/W2591913238","https://openalex.org/W2618508146","https://openalex.org/W2737628516","https://openalex.org/W2751755465","https://openalex.org/W2763126965","https://openalex.org/W2765987226","https://openalex.org/W2803731879","https://openalex.org/W2806106584","https://openalex.org/W2890464993","https://openalex.org/W2895081039","https://openalex.org/W2986695036","https://openalex.org/W2987333402","https://openalex.org/W2995473289","https://openalex.org/W3031740568","https://openalex.org/W3088931144","https://openalex.org/W3120655537","https://openalex.org/W3134754307","https://openalex.org/W4233104126","https://openalex.org/W4233302887"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1562159987","https://openalex.org/W2004734718","https://openalex.org/W3190332208","https://openalex.org/W4388623464","https://openalex.org/W3126531014","https://openalex.org/W2098124661","https://openalex.org/W2519883542","https://openalex.org/W3195056770","https://openalex.org/W4385625847","https://openalex.org/W3006423619"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,47],"transition":[1],"of":[2,79,87,91,102,145,151,162,196],"the":[3,19,23,40,45,67,71,77,85,99,103,128,133,143,156,160,175,183],"transportation":[4],"sector":[5],"from":[6],"internal":[7],"combustion":[8],"engine":[9],"vehicles":[10,14],"to":[11,38,54,116,132,148],"battery":[12],"electric":[13],"(EVs)":[15],"will":[16],"heavily":[17],"increase":[18],"energy":[20,70],"demand":[21],"on":[22,44,155],"network,":[24],"causing":[25],"severe":[26],"techno-economic":[27],"problems.":[28],"To":[29,136],"solve":[30],"these":[31,138],"issues,":[32],"advanced":[33,80],"charging":[34,42,81,127,146,161,169,198],"strategies":[35],"were":[36],"proposed":[37],"reduce":[39],"EVs'":[41],"impact":[43,144],"network.":[46,157],"problem":[48,86],"arises":[49],"when":[50],"all":[51,119,163],"EV-owners":[52],"decide":[53],"fully":[55,117,126],"charge":[56,118],"their":[57],"EVs":[58,92,120,129,147,164,197],"at":[59,121],"night":[60],"even":[61,75,190],"if":[62,125],"they":[63],"might":[64,93],"not":[65,94],"use":[66],"total":[68],"charged":[69],"next":[72,134],"day.":[73],"Hence,":[74],"with":[76,191],"presence":[78],"and":[82,110],"control":[83],"strategies,":[84],"high":[88],"penetration":[89,194],"level":[90,195],"be":[95,108],"completely":[96],"solved":[97],"without":[98],"positive":[100],"participation":[101],"EV-owners.":[104],"Some":[105],"questions":[106],"can":[107],"asked":[109],"need":[111],"answers.":[112],"Is":[113],"it":[114],"necessary":[115],"night?":[122],"What":[123],"happens":[124],"is":[130,165,171],"delayed":[131],"day?":[135],"answer":[137],"questions,":[139],"this":[140],"paper":[141],"studies":[142],"different":[149],"State":[150],"Charge":[152],"(SOC)":[153],"levels":[154],"Since":[158],"controlling":[159],"difficult,":[166],"a":[167,192],"three-level":[168],"strategy":[170],"developed":[172],"that":[173],"suggests":[174],"SOC":[176],"threshold-limit":[177],"for":[178],"each":[179],"EV,":[180],"which":[181],"guarantees":[182],"network's":[184],"operation":[185],"within":[186],"its":[187],"maximum":[188],"limits":[189],"100%":[193],"simultaneously.":[199]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}