{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3167952527","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3084610","title":"Greedy Broad Learning System","display_name":"Greedy Broad Learning System","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3167952527","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3084610","mag":"3167952527"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3084610","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3084610","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9312710/09443171.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9312710/09443171.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002354926","display_name":"Weitong Ding","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7714-9952"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210096899","display_name":"Jiangsu University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00tyjp878","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210096899"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Weitong Ding","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronics and Information, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronics and Information, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210096899"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049797611","display_name":"Yubo Tian","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1077-9308"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210096899","display_name":"Jiangsu University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00tyjp878","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210096899"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210129938","display_name":"Guangzhou Maritime College","ror":"https://ror.org/03kzcrh59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210129938"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yubo Tian","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronics and Information, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, China","School of Information and Communication Engineering, Guangzhou Maritime University, Guangzhou, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronics and Information, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210096899"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Communication Engineering, Guangzhou Maritime University, Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210129938"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058757422","display_name":"Shudan Han","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9901-8571"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210096899","display_name":"Jiangsu University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00tyjp878","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210096899"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shudan Han","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronics and Information, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronics and Information, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210096899"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045660743","display_name":"Huining Yuan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1275-972X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210096899","display_name":"Jiangsu University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00tyjp878","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210096899"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Huining Yuan","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronics and Information, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronics and Information, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210096899"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5002354926"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210096899"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":1.5399,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":13,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.85898583,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":null,"first_page":"79307","last_page":"79315"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12676","display_name":"Machine Learning and ELM","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12676","display_name":"Machine Learning and ELM","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10320","display_name":"Neural Networks and Applications","score":0.9966999888420105,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10057","display_name":"Face and Expression Recognition","score":0.9937000274658203,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7334686517715454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/layer","display_name":"Layer (electronics)","score":0.5954799056053162},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/redundancy","display_name":"Redundancy (engineering)","score":0.5723176002502441},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5489721894264221},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/greedy-algorithm","display_name":"Greedy algorithm","score":0.535365104675293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/principal-component-analysis","display_name":"Principal component analysis","score":0.5264552235603333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generalization","display_name":"Generalization","score":0.4975290596485138},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.4438532590866089},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.44198229908943176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.4171298146247864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.41641560196876526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.3577912449836731},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.306327223777771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.15868616104125977}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7334686517715454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779227376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6505497","display_name":"Layer (electronics)","level":2,"score":0.5954799056053162},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152124472","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1204361","display_name":"Redundancy (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.5723176002502441},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5489721894264221},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51823790","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q504353","display_name":"Greedy algorithm","level":2,"score":0.535365104675293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27438332","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2873","display_name":"Principal component analysis","level":2,"score":0.5264552235603333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177148314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170084","display_name":"Generalization","level":2,"score":0.4975290596485138},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.4438532590866089},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.44198229908943176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.4171298146247864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.41641560196876526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3577912449836731},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.306327223777771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.15868616104125977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3084610","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3084610","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9312710/09443171.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:006302b519304a3b8933d5c68c2ae9c0","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/006302b519304a3b8933d5c68c2ae9c0","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 9, Pp 79307-79315 (2021)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3084610","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3084610","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9312710/09443171.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1231421488","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"under","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2087396116","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"China","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2231103818","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61771225","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3317480652","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Science","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G391238517","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":", and","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4020255992","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Project","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5994120800","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Natural","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327794","display_name":"Qinglan Project of Jiangsu Province of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3167952527.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3167952527.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":40,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W147746844","https://openalex.org/W189596042","https://openalex.org/W1506806321","https://openalex.org/W1601795611","https://openalex.org/W1986278072","https://openalex.org/W1996640396","https://openalex.org/W2012638612","https://openalex.org/W2025768430","https://openalex.org/W2047028564","https://openalex.org/W2084812512","https://openalex.org/W2100495367","https://openalex.org/W2112796928","https://openalex.org/W2123223828","https://openalex.org/W2136922672","https://openalex.org/W2153635508","https://openalex.org/W2154579312","https://openalex.org/W2170947705","https://openalex.org/W2301541953","https://openalex.org/W2562903767","https://openalex.org/W2735494839","https://openalex.org/W2738226240","https://openalex.org/W2767361967","https://openalex.org/W2769309986","https://openalex.org/W2786817911","https://openalex.org/W2792085542","https://openalex.org/W2890126432","https://openalex.org/W2890706287","https://openalex.org/W2909894578","https://openalex.org/W2952502547","https://openalex.org/W2980627566","https://openalex.org/W2982720039","https://openalex.org/W3003134479","https://openalex.org/W3113042280","https://openalex.org/W3122598275","https://openalex.org/W3138794164","https://openalex.org/W4255455317","https://openalex.org/W4301785137","https://openalex.org/W6607775107","https://openalex.org/W6671611538","https://openalex.org/W6728271538"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4387497383","https://openalex.org/W3183948672","https://openalex.org/W3173606202","https://openalex.org/W3110381201","https://openalex.org/W2948807893","https://openalex.org/W2935909890","https://openalex.org/W2778153218","https://openalex.org/W2758277628","https://openalex.org/W1531601525","https://openalex.org/W1975632186"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"order":[1],"to":[2,29,66,120,178,189,197],"overcome":[3],"the":[4,33,40,69,72,83,116,162,165,172,179,190,200,203,212],"extremely":[5],"time-consuming":[6],"drawback":[7],"of":[8,38,53,71,85,93,124,145,161,171],"deep":[9],"learning":[10,13,108],"(DL),":[11],"broad":[12],"system":[14],"(BLS)":[15],"was":[16],"proposed":[17,62,213],"as":[18,90],"an":[19],"alternative":[20],"method.":[21],"This":[22],"model":[23,215],"is":[24,61,143,176,187,194,206],"simple,":[25],"fast,":[26],"and":[27,35,98,133,151,154,167,192,221],"easy":[28],"update.":[30],"To":[31],"ensure":[32],"fitting":[34],"generalization":[36],"ability":[37],"BLS,":[39,82],"hidden":[41,73,118,141,159],"layer":[42,74,119,142,160,186,205],"neurons":[43,54],"are":[44,55,128],"often":[45],"set":[46,123],"too":[47],"many,":[48],"in":[49,63,75,219],"fact,":[50],"a":[51,91,106,122,184],"lot":[52],"not":[56],"needed.":[57],"Greedy":[58],"BLS":[59,76,217],"(GBLS)":[60],"this":[64],"paper":[65],"deal":[67],"with":[68,105],"redundancy":[70],"from":[77,81,199],"another":[78],"perspective.":[79],"Different":[80],"structure":[84],"GBLS":[86,214],"can":[87],"be":[88],"seen":[89],"combination":[92],"unsupervised":[94],"multi-layer":[95],"feature":[96],"representation":[97],"supervised":[99],"classification":[100,220],"or":[101],"regression.":[102,222],"It":[103],"trains":[104],"greedy":[107],"scheme,":[109],"performs":[110],"principal":[111],"component":[112],"analysis":[113],"(PCA)":[114],"on":[115],"previous":[117,204],"form":[121],"compressed":[125,149],"nodes,":[126,153],"which":[127,175],"transformed":[129],"into":[130],"enhancement":[131,152],"nodes":[132,150],"then":[134],"activated":[135],"by":[136],"nonlinear":[137],"functions.":[138],"The":[139,157],"new":[140,185],"composed":[144],"all":[146],"newly":[147],"generated":[148],"so":[155],"on.":[156],"last":[158],"network":[163],"contains":[164],"higher-order":[166],"abstract":[168],"essential":[169],"features":[170],"original":[173],"data,":[174],"connected":[177],"output":[180],"layer.":[181],"Each":[182],"time":[183],"added":[188],"model,":[191],"there":[193],"no":[195],"need":[196],"retrain":[198],"beginning,":[201],"only":[202],"trained.":[207],"Experimental":[208],"results":[209],"demonstrate":[210],"that":[211],"outperforms":[216],"both":[218]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-04-15T08:11:43.952461","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}