{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3164065644","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3083793","title":"Reliability of a Power System With High Penetration of Renewables: A Scenario-Based Study","display_name":"Reliability of a Power System With High Penetration of Renewables: A Scenario-Based Study","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3164065644","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3083793","mag":"3164065644"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3083793","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3083793","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9312710/09440924.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9312710/09440924.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101453079","display_name":"Ying\u2010Yi Hong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9540-3931"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I151221077","display_name":"Chung Yuan Christian University","ror":"https://ror.org/02w8ws377","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I151221077"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ying-Yi Hong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9540-3931","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I151221077"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001056237","display_name":"Chin-I Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8144-6204"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I151221077","display_name":"Chung Yuan Christian University","ror":"https://ror.org/02w8ws377","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I151221077"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chin-I Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8144-6204","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I151221077"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006101256","display_name":"Tzu-Hsun Hsiao","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210140015","display_name":"Institute of Nuclear Energy Research","ror":"https://ror.org/052jx3443","country_code":"TW","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802216821","https://openalex.org/I4210140015"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tzu-Hsun Hsiao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Nuclear Energy Research, Taoyuan, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Nuclear Energy Research, Taoyuan, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210140015"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069954315","display_name":"Chang-Shien Lin","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210140015","display_name":"Institute of Nuclear Energy Research","ror":"https://ror.org/052jx3443","country_code":"TW","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802216821","https://openalex.org/I4210140015"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chang-Shien Lin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Nuclear Energy Research, Taoyuan, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Nuclear Energy Research, Taoyuan, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210140015"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101453079"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I151221077"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":1.5323,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":16,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.80603189,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":null,"first_page":"78050","last_page":"78059"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11941","display_name":"Power System Reliability and Maintenance","score":0.9975000023841858,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2213","display_name":"Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11941","display_name":"Power System Reliability and Maintenance","score":0.9975000023841858,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2213","display_name":"Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11185","display_name":"Integrated Energy Systems Optimization","score":0.9930999875068665,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10424","display_name":"Electric Power System Optimization","score":0.9904000163078308,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electric-power-system","display_name":"Electric power system","score":0.6426015496253967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability-engineering","display_name":"Reliability engineering","score":0.6189799308776855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/renewable-energy","display_name":"Renewable energy","score":0.611319899559021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","score":0.586734414100647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5456153154373169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/penetration","display_name":"Penetration (warfare)","score":0.5279984474182129},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.31924596428871155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.24582809209823608},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.17432349920272827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.1103115975856781},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operations-research","display_name":"Operations research","score":0.10518646240234375}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89227174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2388981","display_name":"Electric power system","level":3,"score":0.6426015496253967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200601418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2193887","display_name":"Reliability engineering","level":1,"score":0.6189799308776855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188573790","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12705","display_name":"Renewable energy","level":2,"score":0.611319899559021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43214815","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310987","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","level":3,"score":0.586734414100647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5456153154373169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80107235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162625","display_name":"Penetration (warfare)","level":2,"score":0.5279984474182129},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.31924596428871155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.24582809209823608},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.17432349920272827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.1103115975856781},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42475967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194292","display_name":"Operations research","level":1,"score":0.10518646240234375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3083793","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3083793","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9312710/09440924.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:1ffe8a0fcc3e4935bba9b1e5bec4503e","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/1ffe8a0fcc3e4935bba9b1e5bec4503e","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 9, Pp 78050-78059 (2021)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3083793","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3083793","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9312710/09440924.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.8899999856948853,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2205640134","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"MOST 109","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322795","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3862518167","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"MOST 109-","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322795","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G415279758","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"108-B-015","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323145","funder_display_name":"Institute of Nuclear Energy Research"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5258698251","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"MOST 109-2221-E-033-011","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322795","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7509061179","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NL1100131","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323145","funder_display_name":"Institute of Nuclear Energy Research"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8985157498","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"MOST 109-2221","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322795","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322795","display_name":"Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan","ror":"https://ror.org/02kv4zf79"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323145","display_name":"Institute of Nuclear Energy Research","ror":"https://ror.org/052jx3443"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3164065644.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3164065644.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":32,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1543082857","https://openalex.org/W1853255136","https://openalex.org/W1970894399","https://openalex.org/W1982396185","https://openalex.org/W1995450389","https://openalex.org/W2049141787","https://openalex.org/W2071713198","https://openalex.org/W2087482637","https://openalex.org/W2124736876","https://openalex.org/W2125271227","https://openalex.org/W2137447753","https://openalex.org/W2150928659","https://openalex.org/W2306054012","https://openalex.org/W2748162992","https://openalex.org/W2791820494","https://openalex.org/W2810158549","https://openalex.org/W2897003066","https://openalex.org/W2919391570","https://openalex.org/W2921340296","https://openalex.org/W2970042309","https://openalex.org/W2971612059","https://openalex.org/W2979852871","https://openalex.org/W2982664325","https://openalex.org/W2998800993","https://openalex.org/W2999898233","https://openalex.org/W3000133400","https://openalex.org/W3005672129","https://openalex.org/W3011285724","https://openalex.org/W3021960105","https://openalex.org/W3022347713","https://openalex.org/W3094441052","https://openalex.org/W4255251875"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2033512842","https://openalex.org/W4322734194","https://openalex.org/W3116237489","https://openalex.org/W4233600955","https://openalex.org/W2913665393","https://openalex.org/W2369695847","https://openalex.org/W3005535424","https://openalex.org/W2994319598","https://openalex.org/W2047067935","https://openalex.org/W1607054433"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Reliability":[0,28],"is":[1,56,65,119,140,155,198],"a":[2,13,19,23,45,53,76,85,90,180],"crucial":[3],"consideration":[4],"in":[5,12,18,49,84,116,196],"the":[6,42,50,60,62,82,131,144,150,159,202],"expansion":[7],"of":[8,26,33,44,93,102,152,161,167,175,183,188,193],"generation":[9],"or":[10],"transmission":[11],"bulk":[14,46,86],"power":[15,20,47,87,106,110,113,123,172,187,192],"system,":[16,173],"especially":[17],"grid":[21],"with":[22,89,179],"high":[24,91],"penetration":[25,92],"renewables.":[27,94],"indices,":[29],"such":[30],"as":[31],"loss":[32],"load":[34,182],"probability":[35],"(LOLP),":[36],"are":[37,71,96],"generally":[38],"evaluated":[39],"to":[40,58,121,200],"determine":[41],"adequacy":[43],"system":[48,88],"future.":[51],"When":[52],"Monte-Carlo":[54],"simulation":[55],"conducted":[57],"evaluate":[59],"LOLP,":[61],"computational":[63],"time":[64],"long":[66],"because":[67,149],"chronological":[68,146],"time-series":[69,147,163],"data":[70,169],"involved.":[72],"This":[73,136],"work":[74],"proposes":[75],"novel":[77,137],"scenario-based":[78,138],"method":[79,139],"for":[80],"studying":[81],"LOLP":[83,132],"Scenarios":[95],"generated":[97],"by":[98],"aggregating":[99],"Markov":[100],"states":[101],"hourly":[103],"loads,":[104],"photovoltaic":[105,191],"generations":[107],"and":[108,128,190],"wind":[109,186],"generations.":[111],"The":[112],"flow":[114],"result":[115],"each":[117],"scenario":[118],"examined":[120],"ensure":[122],"balance":[124],"among":[125],"demand,":[126],"supply":[127],"losses,":[129],"so":[130],"can":[133],"be":[134],"obtained.":[135],"more":[141],"efficient":[142],"than":[143,158],"traditional":[145],"approach":[148],"number":[151,160],"considered":[153,162],"scenarios":[154],"much":[156],"smaller":[157],"cases.":[164],"A":[165],"set":[166],"realistic":[168],"regarding":[170],"Taiwan":[171],"consisting":[174],"2078":[176],"buses":[177],"associated":[178],"peak":[181],"39.178":[184],"GW,":[185],"6.938GW":[189],"20":[194],"GW":[195],"2025":[197],"used":[199],"validate":[201],"proposed":[203],"method.":[204]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-06T08:25:59.206177","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}