{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3164947024","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3083638","title":"Impact of SMOTE on Imbalanced Text Features for Toxic Comments Classification Using RVVC Model","display_name":"Impact of SMOTE on Imbalanced Text Features for Toxic Comments Classification Using RVVC Model","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3164947024","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3083638","mag":"3164947024"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3083638","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3083638","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9312710/09440474.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9312710/09440474.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112707318","display_name":"Vaibhav Rupapara","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19700959","display_name":"Florida International University","ror":"https://ror.org/02gz6gg07","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19700959"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vaibhav Rupapara","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computing and Information Sciences, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7889-4521","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing and Information Sciences, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19700959"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058941449","display_name":"Furqan Rustam","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8403-1047"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210102737","display_name":"Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0161dyt30","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210102737"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Furqan Rustam","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan, Pakistan","Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8403-1047","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210102737"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210102737"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036943482","display_name":"Hina Fatima Shahzad","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6151-3713"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210102737","display_name":"Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0161dyt30","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210102737"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hina Fatima Shahzad","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan, Pakistan","Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6151-3713","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210102737"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210102737"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087270783","display_name":"Arif Mehmood","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5822-4005"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I174731842","display_name":"Islamia University of Bahawalpur","ror":"https://ror.org/002rc4w13","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I174731842"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Arif Mehmood","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Information Technology, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan","The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5822-4005","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Information Technology, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I174731842"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I174731842"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074629800","display_name":"Imran Ashraf","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8271-6496"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55240360","display_name":"Yeungnam University","ror":"https://ror.org/05yc6p159","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55240360"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Imran Ashraf","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information and Communication Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, South Korea","Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8271-6496","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information and Communication Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55240360"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55240360"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044080887","display_name":"Gyu Sang Choi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0854-768X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55240360","display_name":"Yeungnam University","ror":"https://ror.org/05yc6p159","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55240360"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gyu Sang Choi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information and Communication Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, South Korea","Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0854-768X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information and Communication Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55240360"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55240360"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":23.3687,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":195,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99631172,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":null,"first_page":"78621","last_page":"78634"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12262","display_name":"Hate Speech and Cyberbullying Detection","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12262","display_name":"Hate Speech and Cyberbullying Detection","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9524999856948853,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11644","display_name":"Spam and Phishing Detection","score":0.9451000094413757,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7730731964111328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/support-vector-machine","display_name":"Support vector machine","score":0.7159962058067322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6728591918945312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/popularity","display_name":"Popularity","score":0.6520060300827026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.646269679069519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-media","display_name":"Social media","score":0.6455385684967041},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voting","display_name":"Voting","score":0.5978461503982544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tf\u2013idf","display_name":"tf\u2013idf","score":0.5813704133033752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/oversampling","display_name":"Oversampling","score":0.5765023827552795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/classifier","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","score":0.5343325138092041},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microblogging","display_name":"Microblogging","score":0.501507043838501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ensemble-learning","display_name":"Ensemble learning","score":0.42130813002586365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.3698519170284271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.14309611916542053},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/term","display_name":"Term (time)","score":0.12018701434135437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bandwidth","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","score":0.10319921374320984}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7730731964111328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12267149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282453","display_name":"Support vector machine","level":2,"score":0.7159962058067322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6728591918945312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780586970","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1357284","display_name":"Popularity","level":2,"score":0.6520060300827026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.646269679069519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C518677369","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q202833","display_name":"Social media","level":2,"score":0.6455385684967041},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C520049643","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189760","display_name":"Voting","level":3,"score":0.5978461503982544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81758059","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q796584","display_name":"tf\u2013idf","level":3,"score":0.5813704133033752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197323446","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q331222","display_name":"Oversampling","level":3,"score":0.5765023827552795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95623464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1096149","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","level":2,"score":0.5343325138092041},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143275388","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q92438","display_name":"Microblogging","level":3,"score":0.501507043838501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45942800","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245652","display_name":"Ensemble learning","level":2,"score":0.42130813002586365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.3698519170284271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.14309611916542053},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61797465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1188986","display_name":"Term (time)","level":2,"score":0.12018701434135437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776257435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1576430","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","level":2,"score":0.10319921374320984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3083638","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3083638","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9312710/09440474.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:2d0d93a6aa7c4cdea02141da9766969a","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/2d0d93a6aa7c4cdea02141da9766969a","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 9, Pp 78621-78634 (2021)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3083638","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3083638","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9312710/09440474.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","display_name":"Reduced inequalities","score":0.5600000023841858}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1989376136","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NRF-2019R1A2C1006159","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","funder_display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2033372079","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"IITP-2021-2016-0-00313","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335489","funder_display_name":"Institute for Information and Communications Technology Promotion"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2518646537","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"IITP-2021-2016-0-00313","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324891","funder_display_name":"Iran Telecommunication Research Center"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6397227225","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"IITP-2021-2016-0-00313","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320328359","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Science and ICT, South Korea"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320671","display_name":"National Research Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/05s0g1g46"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","ror":"https://ror.org/013aysd81"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324891","display_name":"Iran Telecommunication Research Center","ror":"https://ror.org/01a3g2z22"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320328359","display_name":"Ministry of Science and ICT, South Korea","ror":"https://ror.org/01wpjm123"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335489","display_name":"Institute for Information and Communications Technology Promotion","ror":"https://ror.org/01g0hqq23"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3164947024.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3164947024.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":54,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1593589895","https://openalex.org/W1959220275","https://openalex.org/W1991181258","https://openalex.org/W2071072418","https://openalex.org/W2148143831","https://openalex.org/W2190423096","https://openalex.org/W2340954483","https://openalex.org/W2476492714","https://openalex.org/W2484828460","https://openalex.org/W2513839347","https://openalex.org/W2540646130","https://openalex.org/W2565543439","https://openalex.org/W2594590228","https://openalex.org/W2612634114","https://openalex.org/W2613977835","https://openalex.org/W2741065173","https://openalex.org/W2782898773","https://openalex.org/W2787020039","https://openalex.org/W2792682186","https://openalex.org/W2800788706","https://openalex.org/W2806872289","https://openalex.org/W2852439030","https://openalex.org/W2903893278","https://openalex.org/W2905232447","https://openalex.org/W2908694192","https://openalex.org/W2914102164","https://openalex.org/W2952914260","https://openalex.org/W2954992865","https://openalex.org/W2962797668","https://openalex.org/W2962993339","https://openalex.org/W2963748066","https://openalex.org/W2963749793","https://openalex.org/W2979066127","https://openalex.org/W2980195758","https://openalex.org/W2988412621","https://openalex.org/W2995003403","https://openalex.org/W3013584704","https://openalex.org/W3017760454","https://openalex.org/W3036262837","https://openalex.org/W3093859549","https://openalex.org/W3103061166","https://openalex.org/W3119402985","https://openalex.org/W3121614652","https://openalex.org/W3127996554","https://openalex.org/W3131504710","https://openalex.org/W4242021012","https://openalex.org/W4246228662","https://openalex.org/W6687537609","https://openalex.org/W6753241079","https://openalex.org/W6765112222","https://openalex.org/W6768814132","https://openalex.org/W6775375570","https://openalex.org/W6775880155","https://openalex.org/W6788478744"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2766503024","https://openalex.org/W4206637278","https://openalex.org/W2781247653","https://openalex.org/W4386005305","https://openalex.org/W3173198409","https://openalex.org/W3082051559","https://openalex.org/W1682621979","https://openalex.org/W4386214543","https://openalex.org/W1969988626","https://openalex.org/W1571672972"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Social":[0],"media":[1,39,66,87],"platforms":[2,16,40],"and":[3,22,27,32,46,95,110,154,174,194],"microblogging":[4],"websites":[5],"have":[6],"gained":[7],"accelerated":[8],"popularity":[9],"during":[10,30],"the":[11,82,92,108,115,118,124,133,160],"past":[12],"few":[13],"years.":[14],"These":[15],"are":[17,105,141,188],"used":[18,131,189],"for":[19,64],"expressing":[20],"views":[21],"opinions":[23],"about":[24],"products,":[25],"personalities,":[26],"events.":[28],"Often":[29],"discussions":[31],"debates,":[33],"fights":[34],"take":[35],"place":[36],"on":[37,85,107,132],"social":[38,65,86],"which":[41],"involves":[42],"using":[43,170],"rude,":[44],"disrespectful,":[45],"hateful":[47],"comments":[48,56,84],"called":[49,74],"toxic":[50,55,83],"comments.":[51],"The":[52,89,157],"identification":[53],"of":[54,117,159,198],"has":[57],"been":[58],"regarded":[59],"as":[60,148],"an":[61,71,196],"essential":[62],"element":[63],"platforms.":[67,88],"This":[68],"study":[69],"introduces":[70],"ensemble":[72,90],"approach,":[73],"regression":[75,94],"vector":[76,97],"voting":[77,101],"classifier":[78,98],"(RVVC),":[79],"to":[80,113,143],"identify":[81],"merges":[91],"logistic":[93],"support":[96],"under":[99],"soft":[100],"criteria.":[102],"Several":[103],"experiments":[104],"performed":[106],"imbalanced":[109,134],"balanced":[111,192],"dataset":[112,193],"analyze":[114],"performance":[116,158],"proposed":[119,161],"approach.":[120],"For":[121],"data":[122],"balance,":[123],"synthetic":[125],"minority":[126],"oversampling":[127],"technique":[128],"(SMOTE)":[129],"is":[130,163],"dataset.":[135],"Furthermore,":[136],"two":[137],"feature":[138],"extraction":[139],"approaches":[140],"utilized":[142],"investigate":[144],"their":[145],"suitability":[146],"such":[147],"term":[149],"frequency-inverse":[150],"document":[151],"frequency":[152],"(TF-IDF)":[153],"bag-of-words":[155],"(BoW).":[156],"approach":[162],"compared":[164],"with":[165,190],"several":[166],"machine":[167],"learning":[168],"classifiers":[169],"accuracy,":[171],"precision,":[172],"recall,":[173],"F1-score.":[175],"Results":[176],"suggest":[177],"that":[178],"RVVC":[179],"outperforms":[180],"all":[181],"other":[182],"individual":[183],"models":[184],"when":[185],"TF-IDF":[186],"features":[187],"SMOTE":[191],"achieves":[195],"accuracy":[197],"0.97.":[199]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":24},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":44},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":54},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":59},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":10}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
