{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3163972961","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3082847","title":"Analysis of Non-Idealities in the Generation of Reconfigurable Sinc-Shaped Optical Nyquist Pulses","display_name":"Analysis of Non-Idealities in the Generation of Reconfigurable Sinc-Shaped Optical Nyquist Pulses","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3163972961","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3082847","mag":"3163972961"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3082847","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3082847","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9312710/09438730.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9312710/09438730.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066085852","display_name":"Souvaraj De","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2164-4708"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1285933455","display_name":"Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt","ror":"https://ror.org/05r3f7h03","country_code":"DE","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1285933455","https://openalex.org/I4210136623"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I94509681","display_name":"Technische Universit\u00e4t Braunschweig","ror":"https://ror.org/010nsgg66","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I94509681"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Souvaraj De","raw_affiliation_strings":["Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Braunschweig, Germany","THz-Photonics Group, Technische Universit\u00e4t Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2164-4708","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Braunschweig, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1285933455"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"THz-Photonics Group, Technische Universit\u00e4t Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I94509681"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018439354","display_name":"Arijit Misra","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0284-9708"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I94509681","display_name":"Technische Universit\u00e4t Braunschweig","ror":"https://ror.org/010nsgg66","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I94509681"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Arijit Misra","raw_affiliation_strings":["THz-Photonics Group, Technische Universit\u00e4t Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0284-9708","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"THz-Photonics Group, Technische Universit\u00e4t Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I94509681"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013576754","display_name":"Ranjan Das","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2421-0120"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I94509681","display_name":"Technische Universit\u00e4t Braunschweig","ror":"https://ror.org/010nsgg66","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I94509681"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ranjan Das","raw_affiliation_strings":["THz-Photonics Group, Technische Universit\u00e4t Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2421-0120","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"THz-Photonics Group, Technische Universit\u00e4t Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I94509681"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073017204","display_name":"Thomas Kleine\u2010Ostmann","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6342-9312"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1285933455","display_name":"Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt","ror":"https://ror.org/05r3f7h03","country_code":"DE","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1285933455","https://openalex.org/I4210136623"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Thomas Kleine-Ostmann","raw_affiliation_strings":["Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Braunschweig, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Braunschweig, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1285933455"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100724916","display_name":"Thomas Schneider","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6853-7128"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I94509681","display_name":"Technische Universit\u00e4t Braunschweig","ror":"https://ror.org/010nsgg66","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I94509681"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Thomas Schneider","raw_affiliation_strings":["THz-Photonics Group, Technische Universit\u00e4t Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"THz-Photonics Group, Technische Universit\u00e4t Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I94509681"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":869,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":937},"fwci":2.2441,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":20,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.88195939,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":null,"first_page":"76286","last_page":"76295"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10988","display_name":"Advanced Fiber Laser Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10988","display_name":"Advanced Fiber Laser Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10232","display_name":"Optical Network Technologies","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10846","display_name":"Photonic Crystal and Fiber Optics","score":0.9979000091552734,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sinc-function","display_name":"Sinc function","score":0.8431463837623596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pulse-shaping","display_name":"Pulse shaping","score":0.5734248161315918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.5508171319961548},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.48063960671424866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.4545716941356659},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nyquist\u2013shannon-sampling-theorem","display_name":"Nyquist\u2013Shannon sampling theorem","score":0.41012927889823914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.3826279640197754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/laser","display_name":"Laser","score":0.1829623579978943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.14343050122261047}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152303783","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q855949","display_name":"Sinc function","level":2,"score":0.8431463837623596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C102755159","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7259683","display_name":"Pulse shaping","level":3,"score":0.5734248161315918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.5508171319961548},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.48063960671424866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.4545716941356659},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C288623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q679800","display_name":"Nyquist\u2013Shannon sampling theorem","level":2,"score":0.41012927889823914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.3826279640197754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C520434653","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q38867","display_name":"Laser","level":2,"score":0.1829623579978943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.14343050122261047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3082847","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3082847","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9312710/09438730.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:publikationsserver.tu-braunschweig.de:dbbs_mods_00069830","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://publikationsserver.tu-braunschweig.de/get/69830","pdf_url":"https://publikationsserver.tu-braunschweig.de/servlets/MCRFileNodeServlet/dbbs_derivate_00048518/Analysis_of_Non-Idealities_in_the_Generation_of_Reconfigurable_Sinc-Shaped_Optical_Nyquist_Pulses.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402617","display_name":"Digitale Bibliothek Braunschweig (Verbundzentrale G\u00f6ttingen (VZG))","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210149878","host_organization_name":"Verbundzentrale des GBV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210149878"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, VOLUME 9, 2021, pages 76286 - 76295 -- https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/servlet/opac?punumber=6287639 -- http://www.bibliothek.uni-regensburg.de/ezeit/?2687964 -- 2169-3536","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:0e63b7ee22b042de8d2a0697bbbc1628","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/0e63b7ee22b042de8d2a0697bbbc1628","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 9, Pp 76286-76295 (2021)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3082847","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3082847","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9312710/09438730.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1538854897","display_name":"PONyDAC II (Pr\u00e4ziser Optischer NyquistPulsSynthesizer DAC)","funder_award_id":"403154102","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320879","funder_display_name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2733090832","display_name":"A1: Genauigkeit von Messsystemen f\u00fcr die THzKommunikation","funder_award_id":"424608271","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320879","funder_display_name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3848263986","display_name":"Ultrabreitbandige Abtastung","funder_award_id":"424608109","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320879","funder_display_name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5657713755","display_name":"Aktive THz Transceiver Komponenten","funder_award_id":"424608191","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320879","funder_display_name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6199867109","display_name":"SilicononInsulator basierte Integrierte Optische Frequenzk\u00e4mme f\u00fcr Mikrowellen, THz und Optische Anwendungen","funder_award_id":"322402243","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320879","funder_display_name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6323457894","display_name":"A3: Metrologie von Abtastsystemen mit hoher Bandbreite","funder_award_id":"424607946","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320879","funder_display_name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320879","display_name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","ror":"https://ror.org/018mejw64"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322958","display_name":"Technische Universit\u00e4t Braunschweig","ror":"https://ror.org/010nsgg66"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3163972961.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3163972961.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":26,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2018081776","https://openalex.org/W2022370523","https://openalex.org/W2046190445","https://openalex.org/W2046526200","https://openalex.org/W2058890034","https://openalex.org/W2073792497","https://openalex.org/W2080992004","https://openalex.org/W2083780741","https://openalex.org/W2132272094","https://openalex.org/W2150720517","https://openalex.org/W2156909468","https://openalex.org/W2171211801","https://openalex.org/W2284120178","https://openalex.org/W2331956728","https://openalex.org/W2784992718","https://openalex.org/W2790364818","https://openalex.org/W2905640833","https://openalex.org/W2918989434","https://openalex.org/W2958702083","https://openalex.org/W2963339602","https://openalex.org/W2963517237","https://openalex.org/W2977289265","https://openalex.org/W2978525020","https://openalex.org/W2999581874","https://openalex.org/W3184127665","https://openalex.org/W6798960157"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2137092394","https://openalex.org/W2884650892","https://openalex.org/W2132272094","https://openalex.org/W2171211801","https://openalex.org/W2066824000","https://openalex.org/W1421666895","https://openalex.org/W1829115271","https://openalex.org/W2963064851","https://openalex.org/W3080113473","https://openalex.org/W2554269627"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Optical":[0],"sinc-shaped":[1,132],"Nyquist":[2,135],"pulses":[3,37,49],"are":[4,54],"widely":[5],"used":[6],"in":[7,24,89],"microwave":[8],"photonics,":[9],"optical":[10,14,134,144,203],"signal":[11],"processing,":[12],"and":[13,30,68,83,92,110,128,142,185,201],"telecommunications":[15],"due":[16],"to":[17,34,38,97,187],"their":[18],"numerous":[19],"advantages,":[20],"like":[21],"rectangular":[22,52,75],"shape":[23],"the":[25,28,31,42,51,65,90,101,112,119,122,129,153,157,162,166,174,179,195,198,202,208],"frequency":[26,76,146],"domain,":[27],"orthogonality":[29],"consequential":[32],"possibility":[33],"use":[35],"these":[36,150],"transmit":[39],"data":[40],"with":[41,50,78,152],"maximum":[43],"possible":[44],"symbol":[45],"rate.":[46],"Ideal":[47],"sinc":[48,61],"spectrum":[53],"just":[55],"a":[56,73,98],"mathematical":[57],"construct.":[58],"However,":[59],"high-quality":[60],"pulse":[62,91,136,180],"sequences":[63,137,181],"offer":[64],"same":[66],"advantages":[67],"can":[69],"be":[70],"generated":[71],"by":[72,161,172],"phase-locked":[74,145],"comb":[77,93,159,177],"mode-locked":[79],"lasers,":[80],"intensity":[81],"modulators,":[82],"integrated":[84],"devices.":[85],"Nevertheless,":[86],"any":[87],"non-idealities":[88],"generation":[94],"might":[95],"lead":[96],"degradation":[99],"of":[100,114,131,165,176],"system":[102],"performance,":[103],"especially":[104],"for":[105,156,206],"metrology.":[106],"Here,":[107],"we":[108],"investigate":[109],"analyze":[111],"effect":[113],"three":[115],"major":[116],"non-idealities,":[117],"namely,":[118],"roll-off":[120],"factor,":[121],"side":[123],"band":[124],"suppression":[125],"ratio":[126],"(SSR),":[127],"ripple":[130],"reconfigurable":[133],"based":[138],"on":[139],"3,":[140],"5,":[141],"9-line":[143],"combs.":[147],"We":[148,169,192],"compare":[149],"results":[151],"existing":[154],"literature":[155],"three-line":[158],"followed":[160],"experimental":[163],"verification":[164],"simulation":[167],"results.":[168],"illustrate":[170],"that":[171],"increasing":[173,207],"number":[175],"lines,":[178],"have":[182],"superior":[183],"performance":[184],"contribute":[186],"lesser":[188],"root-mean-square":[189],"(r.m.s.)":[190],"error.":[191],"also":[193],"discuss":[194],"trade-off":[196],"between":[197],"r.m.s.":[199],"error":[200],"power":[204],"loss":[205],"SSR.":[209]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-06-22T08:00:12.763002","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
