{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3163665839","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3081709","title":"Pairing-Free for Public Key Encryption With Equality Test Scheme","display_name":"Pairing-Free for Public Key Encryption With Equality Test Scheme","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3163665839","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3081709","mag":"3163665839"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3081709","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3081709","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9312710/09435323.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9312710/09435323.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066200744","display_name":"Huijun Zhu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9809-4708"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210115515","display_name":"Nanyang Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0203c2755","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210115515"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4392021250","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Networking and Switching Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00qtv5q45","country_code":null,"type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139759216","https://openalex.org/I4392021250"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Huijun Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nanyang Institute of Technology, Nanyang, China","State Key Laboratory of Networking and Switching Technology, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9809-4708","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nanyang Institute of Technology, Nanyang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210115515"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Networking and Switching Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4392021250"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100736219","display_name":"Licheng Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8418-1897"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4392021250","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Networking and Switching Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00qtv5q45","country_code":null,"type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139759216","https://openalex.org/I4392021250"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Licheng Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Networking and Switching Technology, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8418-1897","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Networking and Switching Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4392021250"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076870712","display_name":"Haseeb Ahmad","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6359-7452"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I505182","display_name":"National Textile University","ror":"https://ror.org/030dak672","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I505182"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haseeb Ahmad","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Textile University, Faisalabad, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6359-7452","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Textile University, Faisalabad, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I505182"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015372133","display_name":"Dong Xie","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9858-3782"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4472751","display_name":"Anhui Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/05fsfvw79","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4472751"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dong Xie","raw_affiliation_strings":["Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9858-3782","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4472751"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":0.6997,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.75769091,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":null,"first_page":"77239","last_page":"77249"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10237","display_name":"Cryptography and Data Security","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10237","display_name":"Cryptography and Data Security","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10720","display_name":"Complexity and Algorithms in Graphs","score":0.9959999918937683,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11693","display_name":"Cryptography and Residue Arithmetic","score":0.9914000034332275,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modular-exponentiation","display_name":"Modular exponentiation","score":0.6991262435913086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discrete-logarithm","display_name":"Discrete logarithm","score":0.661872923374176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exponentiation","display_name":"Exponentiation","score":0.639733612537384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-key-cryptography","display_name":"Public-key cryptography","score":0.6304436326026917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5862797498703003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ciphertext","display_name":"Ciphertext","score":0.5617501735687256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encryption","display_name":"Encryption","score":0.5609757304191589},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/semantic-security","display_name":"Semantic security","score":0.5333547592163086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bilinear-interpolation","display_name":"Bilinear interpolation","score":0.5300645232200623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pairing","display_name":"Pairing","score":0.5283592343330383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scheme","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","score":0.4854746162891388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.46607112884521484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modular-design","display_name":"Modular design","score":0.46234312653541565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.44744592905044556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/attribute-based-encryption","display_name":"Attribute-based encryption","score":0.37027519941329956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.3655688166618347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.32665225863456726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.18911448121070862}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152763109","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1228841","display_name":"Modular exponentiation","level":4,"score":0.6991262435913086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173259116","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q864003","display_name":"Discrete logarithm","level":4,"score":0.661872923374176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81539297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33456","display_name":"Exponentiation","level":2,"score":0.639733612537384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203062551","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q201339","display_name":"Public-key cryptography","level":3,"score":0.6304436326026917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5862797498703003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93974786","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1589480","display_name":"Ciphertext","level":3,"score":0.5617501735687256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148730421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141090","display_name":"Encryption","level":2,"score":0.5609757304191589},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204806902","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2333581","display_name":"Semantic security","level":5,"score":0.5333547592163086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205203396","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q612143","display_name":"Bilinear interpolation","level":2,"score":0.5300645232200623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14103023","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11681459","display_name":"Pairing","level":3,"score":0.5283592343330383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77618280","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1155772","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4854746162891388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.46607112884521484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101468663","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1620158","display_name":"Modular design","level":2,"score":0.46234312653541565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.44744592905044556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C7646194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4818713","display_name":"Attribute-based encryption","level":4,"score":0.37027519941329956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.3655688166618347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.32665225863456726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.18911448121070862},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54101563","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124131","display_name":"Superconductivity","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3081709","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3081709","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9312710/09435323.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:f9b1d7150c9041d2ba26ce4b63231c78","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/f9b1d7150c9041d2ba26ce4b63231c78","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 9, Pp 77239-77249 (2021)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3081709","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3081709","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9312710/09435323.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3941074543","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"212102310297","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327051","funder_display_name":"Science and Technology Department of Henan Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4898888742","display_name":"\u57fa\u4e8e\u65b0\u578b\u538b\u7f29\u611f\u77e5\u7684\u56fe\u50cf\u52a0\u5bc6\u6784\u5efa\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e0e\u5206\u6790\u673a\u5236\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"61801004","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5942049210","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"SKLNST-2019-2-17","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327101","funder_display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Networking and Switching Technology"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321470","display_name":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04w9fbh59"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327051","display_name":"Science and Technology Department of Henan Province","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327101","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Networking and Switching Technology","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3163665839.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3163665839.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":28,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1442181477","https://openalex.org/W1502927489","https://openalex.org/W1561443225","https://openalex.org/W1576339411","https://openalex.org/W1581001589","https://openalex.org/W1992658042","https://openalex.org/W2089607820","https://openalex.org/W2100979877","https://openalex.org/W2108590723","https://openalex.org/W2116696792","https://openalex.org/W2138669153","https://openalex.org/W2142801550","https://openalex.org/W2146828512","https://openalex.org/W2149581428","https://openalex.org/W2161214567","https://openalex.org/W2280409606","https://openalex.org/W2295809852","https://openalex.org/W2518646642","https://openalex.org/W2613814461","https://openalex.org/W2630165645","https://openalex.org/W2759944294","https://openalex.org/W2769916480","https://openalex.org/W2808466639","https://openalex.org/W2900193877","https://openalex.org/W2933346047","https://openalex.org/W2982218185","https://openalex.org/W3006400738","https://openalex.org/W3049227096"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4235485585","https://openalex.org/W2214270211","https://openalex.org/W670148","https://openalex.org/W1507420113","https://openalex.org/W4242613270","https://openalex.org/W28274153","https://openalex.org/W2736837562","https://openalex.org/W2020808628","https://openalex.org/W4364860044","https://openalex.org/W2776394487"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,96],"modular":[1,23],"exponentiation":[2,24],"has":[3,126,146],"been":[4,127,147],"proved":[5],"better":[6],"in":[7,48],"terms":[8],"of":[9,22,54],"computational":[10,70],"efficiency":[11],"as":[12],"compared":[13,117],"to":[14,28,67,82,87,92,118],"bilinear":[15,56],"pairing.":[16],"Therefore,":[17],"discrete":[18,65],"logarithm,":[19],"a":[20],"concept":[21],"may":[25],"be":[26],"incorporated":[27],"present":[29],"improved":[30],"security":[31,90],"schemes.":[32,95,114],"With":[33],"this":[34,49],"aim,":[35],"an":[36],"efficient":[37,106],"public":[38],"key":[39],"encryption":[40],"scheme":[41,63,103],"with":[42],"equality":[43],"test":[44,80,141],"(PKEwET)":[45],"is":[46,104],"proposed":[47,102],"paper.":[50],"Unlike":[51],"the":[52,61,69,75,79,84,89,93,101,111,123,134,139,143],"most":[53],"existing":[55,112],"pairing":[57],"based":[58],"PKEwET":[59,113],"schemes,":[60],"presented":[62],"employs":[64],"logarithm":[66],"improve":[68,88],"efficiency.":[71],"Moreover,":[72],"we":[73],"introduce":[74],"verification":[76],"process":[77],"during":[78],"phase":[81],"validate":[83],"ciphertext":[85],"and":[86,107],"comparative":[91],"prevalent":[94],"performance":[97],"analysis":[98],"depicts":[99],"that":[100],"quite":[105],"more":[108],"practical":[109],"than":[110],"More":[115],"precisely,":[116],"Lin":[119],"et":[120],"al.'s":[121],"scheme,":[122],"time":[124,144],"cost":[125,145],"reduced":[128,148],"by":[129,149],"at":[130,150],"least":[131,151],"39%":[132],"for":[133,138],"decryption":[135],"process.":[136],"Furthermore,":[137],"type-3":[140],"phase,":[142],"68%.":[152]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}