{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3163664435","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3081362","title":"Multi-Images Encryption Scheme Based on 3D Chaotic Map and Substitution Box","display_name":"Multi-Images Encryption Scheme Based on 3D Chaotic Map and Substitution Box","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3163664435","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3081362","mag":"3163664435"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3081362","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3081362","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9312710/09433532.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9312710/09433532.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Muhammad Tanveer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6170-8369"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I12469534","display_name":"Quaid-i-Azam University","ror":"https://ror.org/04s9hft57","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12469534"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad Tanveer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan","of , - - ,"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12469534"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"of , - - ,","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059990662","display_name":"Tariq Shah","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6587-1638"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I12469534","display_name":"Quaid-i-Azam University","ror":"https://ror.org/04s9hft57","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12469534"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tariq Shah","raw_affiliation_strings":["Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan","of , - - ,"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12469534"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"of , - - ,","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062125413","display_name":"Amjad Rehman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3817-2655"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142024983","display_name":"Prince Sultan University","ror":"https://ror.org/053mqrf26","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142024983"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Amjad Rehman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Artificial Intelligence and Data Analytics Laboratory, College of Computer and Information Sciences (CCIS), Prince Sultan University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia","of , - - ,"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Artificial Intelligence and Data Analytics Laboratory, College of Computer and Information Sciences (CCIS), Prince Sultan University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142024983"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"of , - - ,","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100673777","display_name":"Asif Ali","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1149-4475"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I12469534","display_name":"Quaid-i-Azam University","ror":"https://ror.org/04s9hft57","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12469534"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Asif Ali","raw_affiliation_strings":["Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan","of , - - ,"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12469534"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"of , - - ,","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079480825","display_name":"Ghazanfar Farooq Siddiqui","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0291-3287"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I12469534","display_name":"Quaid-i-Azam University","ror":"https://ror.org/04s9hft57","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12469534"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ghazanfar Farooq Siddiqui","raw_affiliation_strings":["Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan","of , - - ,"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12469534"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"of , - - ,","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018549351","display_name":"Tanzila Saba","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3138-3801"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142024983","display_name":"Prince Sultan University","ror":"https://ror.org/053mqrf26","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142024983"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tanzila Saba","raw_affiliation_strings":["Artificial Intelligence and Data Analytics Laboratory, College of Computer and Information Sciences (CCIS), Prince Sultan University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia","of , - - ,"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Artificial Intelligence and Data Analytics Laboratory, College of Computer and Information Sciences (CCIS), Prince Sultan University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142024983"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"of , - - ,","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088139460","display_name":"Usman Tariq","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7672-1187"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142608572","display_name":"Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University","ror":"https://ror.org/04jt46d36","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142608572"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Usman Tariq","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Engineering and Sciences, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj, Saudi Arabia","of , - - ,"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Engineering and Sciences, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142608572"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"of , - - ,","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12469534"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":3.6898,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":57,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94496688,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":null,"first_page":"73924","last_page":"73937"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11017","display_name":"Chaos-based Image/Signal Encryption","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11017","display_name":"Chaos-based Image/Signal Encryption","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10388","display_name":"Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques","score":0.9871000051498413,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10828","display_name":"Biometric Identification and Security","score":0.9294000267982483,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encryption","display_name":"Encryption","score":0.8427661061286926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chaotic","display_name":"Chaotic","score":0.7292212247848511},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6962510347366333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/s-box","display_name":"S-box","score":0.6850026249885559},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/substitution","display_name":"Substitution (logic)","score":0.5983603000640869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptography","display_name":"Cryptography","score":0.5438857078552246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.5387232303619385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/entropy","display_name":"Entropy (arrow of time)","score":0.5294972062110901},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computation","display_name":"Computation","score":0.5117702484130859},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nonlinear-system","display_name":"Nonlinear system","score":0.48014944791793823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.4566045105457306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/permutation","display_name":"Permutation (music)","score":0.4543461501598358},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.44648224115371704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.24171116948127747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.08388751745223999}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148730421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141090","display_name":"Encryption","level":2,"score":0.8427661061286926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777052490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5072826","display_name":"Chaotic","level":2,"score":0.7292212247848511},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6962510347366333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45737032","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q748364","display_name":"S-box","level":4,"score":0.6850026249885559},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778220771","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1522579","display_name":"Substitution (logic)","level":2,"score":0.5983603000640869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178489894","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8789","display_name":"Cryptography","level":2,"score":0.5438857078552246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.5387232303619385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106301342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4117933","display_name":"Entropy (arrow of time)","level":2,"score":0.5294972062110901},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45374587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12525525","display_name":"Computation","level":2,"score":0.5117702484130859},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158622935","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q660848","display_name":"Nonlinear system","level":2,"score":0.48014944791793823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.4566045105457306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21308566","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7169365","display_name":"Permutation (music)","level":2,"score":0.4543461501598358},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.44648224115371704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.24171116948127747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.08388751745223999},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106544461","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q543151","display_name":"Block cipher","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3081362","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3081362","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9312710/09433532.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:9ab6b888a9544bf6be574efc8cf132c1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/9ab6b888a9544bf6be574efc8cf132c1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 9, Pp 73924-73937 (2021)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3081362","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3081362","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9312710/09433532.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G421358380","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Saudi Arabia","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327702","funder_display_name":"Prince Sultan University"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327702","display_name":"Prince Sultan University","ror":"https://ror.org/053mqrf26"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3163664435.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3163664435.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":57,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2004177075","https://openalex.org/W2012056600","https://openalex.org/W2052785775","https://openalex.org/W2059340344","https://openalex.org/W2063693948","https://openalex.org/W2081223177","https://openalex.org/W2091221194","https://openalex.org/W2154257987","https://openalex.org/W2207398216","https://openalex.org/W2267364433","https://openalex.org/W2324666082","https://openalex.org/W2425286230","https://openalex.org/W2483224204","https://openalex.org/W2507126158","https://openalex.org/W2519428206","https://openalex.org/W2578324953","https://openalex.org/W2613745606","https://openalex.org/W2737019549","https://openalex.org/W2743436145","https://openalex.org/W2749440377","https://openalex.org/W2765497248","https://openalex.org/W2785469749","https://openalex.org/W2795305769","https://openalex.org/W2799925193","https://openalex.org/W2800312539","https://openalex.org/W2883106405","https://openalex.org/W2887571806","https://openalex.org/W2890845531","https://openalex.org/W2902386756","https://openalex.org/W2903665442","https://openalex.org/W2907856008","https://openalex.org/W2909304952","https://openalex.org/W2915449064","https://openalex.org/W2970150948","https://openalex.org/W2993769169","https://openalex.org/W2994719874","https://openalex.org/W2995332341","https://openalex.org/W2995730475","https://openalex.org/W3001010821","https://openalex.org/W3009188349","https://openalex.org/W3012308848","https://openalex.org/W3013786767","https://openalex.org/W3028957377","https://openalex.org/W3042293860","https://openalex.org/W3090445200","https://openalex.org/W3092784507","https://openalex.org/W3093740064","https://openalex.org/W3106948109","https://openalex.org/W3108044339","https://openalex.org/W3110303856","https://openalex.org/W3137454809","https://openalex.org/W4239883234","https://openalex.org/W4243282766","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W6717539790","https://openalex.org/W6786176042","https://openalex.org/W6786376704"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3186222870","https://openalex.org/W2954599081","https://openalex.org/W3210773817","https://openalex.org/W3005443238","https://openalex.org/W2989815216","https://openalex.org/W2349647033","https://openalex.org/W2319831955","https://openalex.org/W4388441189","https://openalex.org/W3194519548","https://openalex.org/W4212913304"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,57,99],"protection":[1],"of":[2,130],"digital":[3],"content":[4],"is":[5,126,138],"increasingly":[6],"becoming":[7],"a":[8,22,40,72],"significant":[9],"issue":[10],"for":[11,46,143],"researchers":[12],"and":[13,32,53,91,111,141],"engineers.":[14],"In":[15],"this":[16],"context,":[17],"nonlinear":[18],"dynamic":[19],"systems":[20],"play":[21],"vital":[23],"role":[24],"in":[25,128],"information":[26],"security":[27],"through":[28,94,106],"their":[29,77],"chaotic":[30,42,86],"behavior":[31],"susceptibility":[33],"to":[34,49,118],"initial":[35],"conditions.":[36],"This":[37],"research":[38],"presents":[39],"3D":[41,85],"map-based":[43],"symmetric":[44],"algorithm":[45],"multiple":[47],"images":[48,68],"improve":[50],"encryption":[51,102],"efficiency":[52],"encourage":[54],"secure":[55,142],"transmission.":[56],"proposed":[58,100,124],"scheme":[59],"comprises":[60],"the":[61,65,80,83,88,92,95,119,123],"following":[62],"four":[63],"modules:":[64],"combination":[66],"(the":[67],"are":[69],"combined":[70],"into":[71],"single":[73],"image":[74],"by":[75],"merging":[76],"color":[78],"channels);":[79],"permutation":[81],"(using":[82],"suggested":[84],"map);":[87],"S-box":[89],"generation;":[90],"substitution":[93,97],"AES":[96],"method.":[98],"algorithm's":[101],"strength":[103],"was":[104],"determined":[105],"Entropy,":[107],"Correlation":[108],"coefficient,":[109],"NPCR,":[110],"UACI":[112],"analyses,":[113],"which":[114],"were":[115],"then":[116],"compared":[117],"past":[120],"techniques.":[121],"Furthermore,":[122],"method":[125],"assessed":[127],"terms":[129],"its":[131],"computation":[132],"time.":[133],"Results":[134],"demonstrate":[135],"that":[136],"it":[137],"highly":[139],"efficient":[140],"real-time":[144],"communication.":[145]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-04-10T15:06:20.359241","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}