{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3160678087","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3080505","title":"Silicon Carbide Multi-Chip Power Module for Traction Inverter Applications: Thermal Characterization and Modeling","display_name":"Silicon Carbide Multi-Chip Power Module for Traction Inverter Applications: Thermal Characterization and Modeling","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3160678087","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3080505","mag":"3160678087"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3080505","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3080505","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9312710/09431169.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9312710/09431169.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036771281","display_name":"Michele Calabretta","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9322-182X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210154781","display_name":"STMicroelectronics (Italy)","ror":"https://ror.org/053bqv655","country_code":"IT","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I131827901","https://openalex.org/I4210154781"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Michele Calabretta","raw_affiliation_strings":["Automotive and Discrete Group, STMicroelectronics, Catania, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9322-182X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Automotive and Discrete Group, STMicroelectronics, Catania, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210154781"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035620235","display_name":"Alessandro Sitta","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2394-0882"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210154781","display_name":"STMicroelectronics (Italy)","ror":"https://ror.org/053bqv655","country_code":"IT","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I131827901","https://openalex.org/I4210154781"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alessandro Sitta","raw_affiliation_strings":["Automotive and Discrete Group, STMicroelectronics, Catania, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2394-0882","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Automotive and Discrete Group, STMicroelectronics, Catania, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210154781"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087181299","display_name":"Salvatore Massimo Oliveri","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2993-6975"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39063666","display_name":"University of Catania","ror":"https://ror.org/03a64bh57","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39063666"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Salvatore Massimo Oliveri","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Catania, Catania, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2993-6975","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Catania, Catania, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39063666"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004442051","display_name":"Gaetano Sequenzia","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6063-2830"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39063666","display_name":"University of Catania","ror":"https://ror.org/03a64bh57","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39063666"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gaetano Sequenzia","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Catania, Catania, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6063-2830","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Catania, Catania, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39063666"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5036771281"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210154781"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":1.4236,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":28,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.8115532,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":null,"first_page":"76307","last_page":"76314"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10361","display_name":"Silicon Carbide Semiconductor Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10361","display_name":"Silicon Carbide Semiconductor Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10175","display_name":"Advanced DC-DC Converters","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10228","display_name":"Multilevel Inverters and Converters","score":0.9962999820709229,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/silicon-carbide","display_name":"Silicon carbide","score":0.7373508214950562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power-module","display_name":"Power module","score":0.7210445404052734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/junction-temperature","display_name":"Junction temperature","score":0.5987191796302795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.57227623462677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power-semiconductor-device","display_name":"Power semiconductor device","score":0.5242146253585815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/insulated-gate-bipolar-transistor","display_name":"Insulated-gate bipolar transistor","score":0.49096015095710754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thermal-resistance","display_name":"Thermal resistance","score":0.47911953926086426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inverter","display_name":"Inverter","score":0.4628118574619293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heat-sink","display_name":"Heat sink","score":0.4471856355667114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/traction-motor","display_name":"Traction motor","score":0.43536248803138733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power-cycling","display_name":"Power cycling","score":0.4153832793235779},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","score":0.3862074017524719},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.38506975769996643},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.3761467933654785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mechanical-engineering","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","score":0.3649265170097351},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.3406974673271179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thermal","display_name":"Thermal","score":0.256721556186676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.23137739300727844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.08580568432807922},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.0820741057395935}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780722187","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q412356","display_name":"Silicon carbide","level":2,"score":0.7373508214950562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141812795","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7236534","display_name":"Power module","level":3,"score":0.7210445404052734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167781694","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6311800","display_name":"Junction temperature","level":3,"score":0.5987191796302795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.57227623462677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129014197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q906544","display_name":"Power semiconductor device","level":3,"score":0.5242146253585815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28285623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176110","display_name":"Insulated-gate bipolar transistor","level":3,"score":0.49096015095710754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137693562","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899628","display_name":"Thermal resistance","level":3,"score":0.47911953926086426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11190779","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q664575","display_name":"Inverter","level":3,"score":0.4628118574619293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186937647","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1796959","display_name":"Heat sink","level":2,"score":0.4471856355667114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136269787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1392476","display_name":"Traction motor","level":2,"score":0.43536248803138733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777900271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17105337","display_name":"Power cycling","level":4,"score":0.4153832793235779},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43214815","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310987","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","level":3,"score":0.3862074017524719},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.38506975769996643},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3761467933654785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.3649265170097351},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.3406974673271179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204530211","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q752823","display_name":"Thermal","level":2,"score":0.256721556186676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.23137739300727844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.08580568432807922},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.0820741057395935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191897082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11467","display_name":"Metallurgy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3080505","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3080505","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9312710/09431169.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:8b935d07b55e436da2de2b2cc82b325a","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/8b935d07b55e436da2de2b2cc82b325a","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 9, Pp 76307-76314 (2021)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:zenodo.org:142717","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.openaccessrepository.it/record/142717","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402478","display_name":"INFM-OAR (INFN Catania)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210116497","host_organization_name":"Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Catania","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210116497"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3080505","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3080505","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9312710/09431169.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.8799999952316284,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1474685122","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61722102147","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322690","funder_display_name":"Universit\u00e0 di Catania"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3371332157","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2020-2022","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322690","funder_display_name":"Universit\u00e0 di Catania"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322690","display_name":"Universit\u00e0 di Catania","ror":"https://ror.org/03a64bh57"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3160678087.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3160678087.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":23,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1662140006","https://openalex.org/W1989472626","https://openalex.org/W1994465562","https://openalex.org/W2007867092","https://openalex.org/W2011160619","https://openalex.org/W2019657740","https://openalex.org/W2042575274","https://openalex.org/W2144733534","https://openalex.org/W2294980933","https://openalex.org/W2559734905","https://openalex.org/W2773493276","https://openalex.org/W2894965654","https://openalex.org/W2895555790","https://openalex.org/W2904044335","https://openalex.org/W2973525978","https://openalex.org/W3046306335","https://openalex.org/W3138396684","https://openalex.org/W3216970424","https://openalex.org/W6637077583","https://openalex.org/W6767732061","https://openalex.org/W6780862534","https://openalex.org/W6791476005","https://openalex.org/W7047456654"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4317382130","https://openalex.org/W1483223816","https://openalex.org/W2064880376","https://openalex.org/W2294980933","https://openalex.org/W2120246139","https://openalex.org/W3011505842","https://openalex.org/W2894766302","https://openalex.org/W4312314747","https://openalex.org/W2568603120","https://openalex.org/W2135904172"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Semiconductor":[0],"power":[1,39,81,128,184],"modules":[2],"are":[3],"the":[4,19,73,133,136,179],"key":[5],"hardware":[6],"components":[7],"of":[8,60,72,135,182],"a":[9,183,187,214,220],"traction":[10,188],"inverter.":[11],"It":[12],"drives":[13],"motor":[14,25],"speed":[15],"and":[16,26,33,65,100,125,142,147,201,218],"torque,":[17],"managing":[18],"energy":[20],"exchange":[21],"from":[22],"battery":[23],"to":[24,114,123,126,139,143,150],"viceversa.":[27],"The":[28],"increasing":[29],"demand":[30],"for":[31,186,196],"electric":[32,162],"hybrid":[34],"vehicle":[35],"requests":[36],"high":[37,68,104],"performance":[38,66,138],"modules.":[40],"Power":[41],"semiconductor":[42],"devices":[43],"based":[44,159,190],"on":[45,160,191],"wide":[46],"band":[47],"gap":[48],"compound,":[49],"like":[50],"silicon":[51,78,193],"carbide":[52,79,194],"(SiC),":[53],"have":[54,204],"excellent":[55],"electrical":[56],"properties":[57],"in":[58,83,94],"terms":[59],"on-state":[61],"resistance,":[62],"stray":[63],"inductance":[64],"at":[67],"commutation":[69],"frequency.":[70],"One":[71],"most":[74],"promising":[75],"solution":[76],"is":[77,87,121],"MOSFET":[80],"module":[82,129,145,185],"which":[84],"each":[85,155,197],"switch":[86],"made":[88],"by":[89,223],"several":[90,151],"different":[91],"dies":[92,153],"placed":[93],"parallel.":[95],"Embedded":[96],"direct":[97,170],"cooling":[98],"system":[99],"novel":[101],"materials":[102],"with":[103,169],"conductivity":[105],"(e.g.,":[106],"active":[107],"metal":[108],"brazed":[109],"substrates)":[110],"can":[111],"be":[112,167],"considered":[113],"enhance":[115],"thermal":[116,137,180],"performance.":[117],"A":[118],"robust":[119],"method":[120,158,226],"needed":[122],"characterize":[124],"predict":[127],"temperature":[130,161],"behavior":[131,208],"considering":[132],"importance":[134],"improve":[140],"reliability":[141],"optimize":[144],"weight":[146],"dimensions.":[148],"According":[149],"parallel":[152],"inside":[154],"switch,":[156],"classic":[157],"sensitive":[163],"parameter":[164],"(TSEP)":[165],"shall":[166],"validated":[168],"measurement.":[171],"In":[172],"this":[173],"framework,":[174],"it":[175],"has":[176,209],"been":[177,205,210],"reported":[178],"characterization":[181],"inverter":[189],"eight":[192],"MOSFETs":[195],"switch.":[198],"Both":[199],"TSEP":[200],"infrared":[202],"measurements":[203],"employed.":[206],"Thermal":[207],"numerically":[211],"reproduced,":[212],"creating":[213],"simplified":[215],"equivalent":[216],"network":[217],"developing":[219],"predictive":[221],"model":[222],"finite":[224],"element":[225],"(FEM).":[227]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-06T08:25:59.206177","created_date":"2021-05-24T00:00:00"}