{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3160028703","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3080308","title":"A KCF-Based Incremental Target Tracking Method With Constant Update Speed","display_name":"A KCF-Based Incremental Target Tracking Method With Constant Update Speed","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3160028703","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3080308","mag":"3160028703"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3080308","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3080308","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9312710/09431172.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9312710/09431172.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054337797","display_name":"Fan Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6672-7948"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210131919","display_name":"Xi'an University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/038avdt50","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210131919"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Fan Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Xi\u2019an University of Technology, Xi\u2019an, China","Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Xi\u2019an University of Technology, Xi\u2019an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210131919"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210131919"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010811235","display_name":"Kaidi Hui","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210131919","display_name":"Xi'an University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/038avdt50","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210131919"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kaidi Hui","raw_affiliation_strings":["Xi\u2019an University of Technology, Xi\u2019an, China","Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Xi\u2019an University of Technology, Xi\u2019an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210131919"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210131919"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100447723","display_name":"Tingting Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2666-7159"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210131919","display_name":"Xi'an University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/038avdt50","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210131919"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tingting Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Xi\u2019an University of Technology, Xi\u2019an, China","Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Xi\u2019an University of Technology, Xi\u2019an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210131919"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210131919"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100422871","display_name":"Zhenzhen Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6312-0307"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210131919","display_name":"Xi'an University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/038avdt50","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210131919"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhenzhen Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Xi\u2019an University of Technology, Xi\u2019an, China","Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Xi\u2019an University of Technology, Xi\u2019an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210131919"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210131919"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091623026","display_name":"Yajun Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3854-157X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210131919","display_name":"Xi'an University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/038avdt50","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210131919"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yajun Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Xi\u2019an University of Technology, Xi\u2019an, China","Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Xi\u2019an University of Technology, Xi\u2019an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210131919"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210131919"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5054337797"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210131919"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":1.6471,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":21,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.85747626,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":null,"first_page":"73544","last_page":"73560"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10331","display_name":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10331","display_name":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11963","display_name":"Impact of Light on Environment and Health","score":0.9663000106811523,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12389","display_name":"Infrared Target Detection Methodologies","score":0.9189000129699707,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bittorrent-tracker","display_name":"BitTorrent tracker","score":0.7145586013793945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6180001497268677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6057040691375732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/eye-tracking","display_name":"Eye tracking","score":0.529603123664856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tracking","display_name":"Tracking (education)","score":0.5175085067749023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.5040887594223022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kernel","display_name":"Kernel (algebra)","score":0.4433667063713074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/video-tracking","display_name":"Video tracking","score":0.431529700756073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.3959135115146637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.38694149255752563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object","display_name":"Object (grammar)","score":0.20092764496803284}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57501372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2021268","display_name":"BitTorrent tracker","level":3,"score":0.7145586013793945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6180001497268677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6057040691375732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56461940","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q970687","display_name":"Eye tracking","level":2,"score":0.529603123664856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775936607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466845","display_name":"Tracking (education)","level":2,"score":0.5175085067749023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.5040887594223022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74193536","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q574844","display_name":"Kernel (algebra)","level":2,"score":0.4433667063713074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202474056","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1931635","display_name":"Video tracking","level":3,"score":0.431529700756073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.3959135115146637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.38694149255752563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781238097","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175026","display_name":"Object (grammar)","level":2,"score":0.20092764496803284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19417346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7922","display_name":"Pedagogy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3080308","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3080308","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9312710/09431172.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:8f52f9dc63b24369b3b43fae1076d2bf","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/8f52f9dc63b24369b3b43fae1076d2bf","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 9, Pp 73544-73560 (2021)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3080308","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3080308","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9312710/09431172.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4693507643","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"021JLM-59","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324173","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shaanxi Province"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324173","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shaanxi Province","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3160028703.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3160028703.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":72,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W29474918","https://openalex.org/W182940129","https://openalex.org/W1534421354","https://openalex.org/W1807914171","https://openalex.org/W1908905119","https://openalex.org/W1915599933","https://openalex.org/W1915785815","https://openalex.org/W1937954682","https://openalex.org/W1955514522","https://openalex.org/W1955741794","https://openalex.org/W1984914017","https://openalex.org/W1989196237","https://openalex.org/W1997121481","https://openalex.org/W2024657922","https://openalex.org/W2038943746","https://openalex.org/W2056339660","https://openalex.org/W2089961441","https://openalex.org/W2124211486","https://openalex.org/W2126302311","https://openalex.org/W2132103241","https://openalex.org/W2139047213","https://openalex.org/W2146820038","https://openalex.org/W2150590096","https://openalex.org/W2154889144","https://openalex.org/W2158592639","https://openalex.org/W2211807644","https://openalex.org/W2214012879","https://openalex.org/W2298605637","https://openalex.org/W2344618455","https://openalex.org/W2415584503","https://openalex.org/W2470394683","https://openalex.org/W2474599091","https://openalex.org/W2518570289","https://openalex.org/W2518876086","https://openalex.org/W2557641257","https://openalex.org/W2558899534","https://openalex.org/W2599547527","https://openalex.org/W2605145377","https://openalex.org/W2605381261","https://openalex.org/W2681067697","https://openalex.org/W2761734797","https://openalex.org/W2767302379","https://openalex.org/W2769249386","https://openalex.org/W2776035257","https://openalex.org/W2792121015","https://openalex.org/W2794669410","https://openalex.org/W2794744029","https://openalex.org/W2891033863","https://openalex.org/W2896356967","https://openalex.org/W2898200825","https://openalex.org/W2904531787","https://openalex.org/W2912465472","https://openalex.org/W2962824803","https://openalex.org/W2962825948","https://openalex.org/W2963030525","https://openalex.org/W2963099472","https://openalex.org/W2963249584","https://openalex.org/W2963471260","https://openalex.org/W2964069521","https://openalex.org/W2964111344","https://openalex.org/W2999478237","https://openalex.org/W3001623242","https://openalex.org/W3006814414","https://openalex.org/W3016032008","https://openalex.org/W3081123076","https://openalex.org/W3102624093","https://openalex.org/W3103428980","https://openalex.org/W3109466111","https://openalex.org/W3130990491","https://openalex.org/W6730584787","https://openalex.org/W6736018854","https://openalex.org/W6746790618"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4384788979","https://openalex.org/W4406109044","https://openalex.org/W4406731786","https://openalex.org/W2914048681","https://openalex.org/W178060743","https://openalex.org/W2909390414","https://openalex.org/W2806679586","https://openalex.org/W2511178891","https://openalex.org/W1984282557","https://openalex.org/W2126676984"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"With":[0],"a":[1,27,110,164],"good":[2],"balance":[3],"between":[4],"tracking":[5,76,155,161,176,180],"accuracy":[6],"and":[7,37,166],"speed,":[8],"kernelized":[9],"correlation":[10,125],"filter":[11,126],"(KCF)-based":[12],"trackers":[13,117,195],"have":[14],"now":[15],"become":[16],"dominant":[17],"approaches":[18],"in":[19],"the":[20,43,47,54,57,87,92,104,119,124,129,134,137,142,148,160,175,179,187],"field":[21,138],"of":[22,139],"online":[23],"object":[24],"tracking.":[25],"However,":[26,132],"KCF-based":[28,116],"tracker":[29,190],"updates":[30],"templates":[31],"by":[32,123],"linearly":[33],"combining":[34],"historical":[35,105],"objects,":[36],"its":[38],"performance":[39],"inevitably":[40],"degrades":[41],"when":[42,133],"accumulated":[44],"error":[45],"causes":[46],"model":[48,62,93],"to":[49,53,84,90,102,108,127,146,173],"look":[50],"more":[51],"similar":[52],"background":[55],"than":[56],"foreground.":[58],"To":[59,157],"address":[60],"this":[61],"drifting":[63,94],"problem,":[64,163],"we":[65],"propose":[66],"an":[67],"incremental":[68],"kernel":[69],"principal":[70],"component":[71],"analysis":[72],"(IKPCA)-based":[73],"KCF":[74],"(IKPCA-KCF)":[75],"scheme.":[77],"In":[78],"IKPCA-KCF,":[79],"IKPCA":[80],"technology":[81],"is":[82,171,191],"used":[83,172],"incrementally":[85],"learn":[86],"target":[88,106,130,135,177],"features":[89],"alleviate":[91],"problem.":[95],"Moreover,":[96],"reduced-set":[97],"(RS)":[98],"expansions":[99],"are":[100],"adopted":[101],"compress":[103],"samples":[107],"maintain":[109],"constant":[111],"template":[112],"update":[113],"rate.":[114],"Additionally,":[115],"use":[118],"response":[120,144],"map":[121],"generated":[122],"determine":[128],"location.":[131],"leaves":[136],"view,":[140],"using":[141],"maximum":[143],"value":[145],"reflect":[147],"target's":[149],"position":[150],"information":[151],"will":[152],"certainly":[153],"induce":[154],"errors.":[156],"further":[158],"solve":[159],"stability":[162],"simple":[165],"effective":[167],"nearest":[168],"neighbor":[169],"classifier":[170],"confirm":[174],"during":[178],"process.":[181],"Extensive":[182],"experimental":[183],"results":[184],"demonstrate":[185],"that":[186],"proposed":[188],"IKPCA-KCF":[189],"competitive":[192],"with":[193],"state-of-the-art":[194],"on":[196],"eight":[197],"challenging":[198],"video":[199],"datasets.":[200]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T14:29:43.386196","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}