{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3161995526","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3079132","title":"LMD-TShip<sup>\u22c6</sup>: Vision Based Large-Scale Maritime Ship Tracking Benchmark for Autonomous Navigation Applications","display_name":"LMD-TShip<sup>\u22c6</sup>: Vision Based Large-Scale Maritime Ship Tracking Benchmark for Autonomous Navigation Applications","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3161995526","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3079132","mag":"3161995526"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3079132","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3079132","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9312710/09429708.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9312710/09429708.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085681305","display_name":"Yunxiao Shan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8266-2312"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157773358","display_name":"Sun Yat-sen University","ror":"https://ror.org/0064kty71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yunxiao Shan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shenzhen Research Institute, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China","Unmanned System Institute, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8266-2312","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shenzhen Research Institute, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Unmanned System Institute, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067428419","display_name":"Shanghua Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-9855-9040"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157773358","display_name":"Sun Yat-sen University","ror":"https://ror.org/0064kty71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shanghua Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Unmanned System Institute, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Unmanned System Institute, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100613465","display_name":"Yunfei Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8160-7995"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210106122","display_name":"Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou)","ror":"https://ror.org/00y7mag53","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210106122"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yunfei Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Southern Marine Science and Engineering Laboratory of Guangdong, Zhuhai, China","Yunzhou Intelligent Technology Company Ltd., Zhuhai, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Southern Marine Science and Engineering Laboratory of Guangdong, Zhuhai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210106122"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Yunzhou Intelligent Technology Company Ltd., Zhuhai, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086581449","display_name":"Min Jing","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2476-0958"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Min Jing","raw_affiliation_strings":["Yunzhou Intelligent Technology Company Ltd., Zhuhai, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Yunzhou Intelligent Technology Company Ltd., Zhuhai, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021449586","display_name":"Huawei Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4648-2554"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I890469752","display_name":"Ministry of Industry and Information Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0385nmy68","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I890469752"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Huawei Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Fifth Research Institute of MIIT, Guangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Fifth Research Institute of MIIT, Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I890469752"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":0.7762,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":15,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.73239141,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":null,"first_page":"74370","last_page":"74384"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10331","display_name":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10331","display_name":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11622","display_name":"Maritime Navigation and Safety","score":0.9947999715805054,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12389","display_name":"Infrared Target Detection Methodologies","score":0.9779000282287598,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7002658247947693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.6467095017433167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tracking","display_name":"Tracking (education)","score":0.5567596554756165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benchmark","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","score":0.5396843552589417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.535308837890625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scale","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","score":0.4291849732398987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tracking-system","display_name":"Tracking system","score":0.4220295548439026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/marine-engineering","display_name":"Marine engineering","score":0.3924746513366699},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.3614935278892517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.1488398015499115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.10951945185661316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kalman-filter","display_name":"Kalman filter","score":0.10488227009773254}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7002658247947693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.6467095017433167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775936607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466845","display_name":"Tracking (education)","level":2,"score":0.5567596554756165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185798385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161707","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","level":2,"score":0.5396843552589417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.535308837890625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778755073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10858537","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","level":2,"score":0.4291849732398987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154586513","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4420972","display_name":"Tracking system","level":3,"score":0.4220295548439026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199104240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118291","display_name":"Marine engineering","level":1,"score":0.3924746513366699},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.3614935278892517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.1488398015499115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.10951945185661316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157286648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q846780","display_name":"Kalman filter","level":2,"score":0.10488227009773254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58640448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42515","display_name":"Cartography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19417346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7922","display_name":"Pedagogy","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3079132","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3079132","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9312710/09429708.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:90d6e93399c94a399823153fb66bd95a","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/90d6e93399c94a399823153fb66bd95a","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 9, Pp 74370-74384 (2021)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3079132","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3079132","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9312710/09429708.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6899999976158142,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/14","display_name":"Life below water"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5439890203","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"19lgpy229","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3161995526.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3161995526.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":51,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W161114242","https://openalex.org/W1686810756","https://openalex.org/W1964846093","https://openalex.org/W1975157055","https://openalex.org/W1985535533","https://openalex.org/W1997121481","https://openalex.org/W2010587301","https://openalex.org/W2042149502","https://openalex.org/W2044328399","https://openalex.org/W2050363039","https://openalex.org/W2056197154","https://openalex.org/W2099601760","https://openalex.org/W2105072112","https://openalex.org/W2112502229","https://openalex.org/W2154889144","https://openalex.org/W2158592639","https://openalex.org/W2158827467","https://openalex.org/W2163605009","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2289943644","https://openalex.org/W2470394683","https://openalex.org/W2518013266","https://openalex.org/W2523923811","https://openalex.org/W2552331162","https://openalex.org/W2557641257","https://openalex.org/W2592463526","https://openalex.org/W2592507559","https://openalex.org/W2761406764","https://openalex.org/W2769653316","https://openalex.org/W2787889241","https://openalex.org/W2794669410","https://openalex.org/W2794744029","https://openalex.org/W2799058067","https://openalex.org/W2885005873","https://openalex.org/W2885291434","https://openalex.org/W2886910176","https://openalex.org/W2891033863","https://openalex.org/W2897701552","https://openalex.org/W2898200825","https://openalex.org/W2963534981","https://openalex.org/W2964423614","https://openalex.org/W2966759264","https://openalex.org/W2998434318","https://openalex.org/W3001584168","https://openalex.org/W3009977275","https://openalex.org/W4403261213","https://openalex.org/W6637373629","https://openalex.org/W6684191040","https://openalex.org/W6720898849","https://openalex.org/W6770370521","https://openalex.org/W6873227057"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2394134009","https://openalex.org/W1971984615","https://openalex.org/W2806679586","https://openalex.org/W2046099857","https://openalex.org/W4315836311","https://openalex.org/W2393252924","https://openalex.org/W2787600244","https://openalex.org/W2186532442","https://openalex.org/W2354867839","https://openalex.org/W2095056275"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Accurate":[0],"ship":[1,62,75,151],"tracking":[2,41,147,172,200],"is":[3,57,81,120,157],"very":[4],"important":[5],"for":[6,49,55,74,196],"the":[7,13,58,162,175,183],"security":[8],"of":[9,16,35,60,91,111,118,149,164],"maritime":[10,50,150,204],"activities,":[11],"especially":[12,64],"raising":[14],"requirements":[15],"autonomous":[17,21,32],"navigation":[18],"applications,":[19],"e.g.,":[20,139,179],"surface":[22],"vehicles":[23],"(ASVs).":[24],"Unlike":[25],"deep-learning-based":[26],"object-tracking":[27],"methods":[28],"are":[29,93,134,177],"prevailing":[30],"in":[31,83,114,128],"driving":[33],"because":[34],"good":[36,188],"environmental":[37],"robustness":[38],"and":[39,102,122,182,198],"high":[40],"accuracy,":[42],"few":[43],"deep-tracking":[44],"models":[45,173,201],"can":[46],"be":[47],"found":[48],"ships.":[51,107,205],"The":[52],"main":[53],"reason":[54],"that":[56],"lack":[59],"qualified":[61],"datasets,":[63],"datasets":[65],"with":[66,125,168],"ship-based":[67],"perspectives.":[68],"Therefore,":[69],"a":[70,154],"large-scale,":[71],"high-definition":[72],"dataset":[73,176],"tracking,":[76],"LMD-TShip":[77,109],"(Large":[78],"Maritime":[79],"Dataset),":[80],"provided":[82],"this":[84,87],"paper.":[85],"In":[86],"dataset,":[88],"five":[89,169],"types":[90],"ships":[92],"included,":[94],"from":[95],"cargo":[96],"ships,":[97,99,101],"fishing":[98],"passenger":[100],"speed":[103],"boats":[104],"to":[105,136,160,203],"unmanned":[106],"Specifically,":[108],"consists":[110],"40,240":[112],"frames":[113],"191":[115],"videos,":[116,138],"each":[117],"which":[119,191],"carefully":[121],"manually":[123],"annotated":[124],"bounding":[126],"boxes":[127],"YOLO":[129],"format.":[130],"Moreover,":[131],"13":[132],"attributes":[133],"used":[135],"label":[137],"scale":[140],"variation":[141],"(SV),":[142],"occlusion":[143],"(OCC),":[144],"basically":[145],"covering":[146],"challenges":[148],"tracking.":[152],"Next,":[153],"detailed":[155],"analysis":[156],"carried":[158],"out":[159],"demonstrate":[161,186],"characteristics":[163],"LMD-TShip.":[165],"Finally,":[166],"experiments":[167],"baseline":[170],"short-term":[171],"on":[174],"performed,":[178],"ECO,":[180],"SiamRPN++,":[181],"experimental":[184],"results":[185],"its":[187],"evaluation":[189],"ability,":[190],"will":[192],"provide":[193],"effective":[194],"means":[195],"training":[197],"testing":[199],"related":[202]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}