{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3161779450","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3079131","title":"A New Modulation Recognition Method Based on Flying Fish Swarm Algorithm","display_name":"A New Modulation Recognition Method Based on Flying Fish Swarm Algorithm","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3161779450","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3079131","mag":"3161779450"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3079131","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3079131","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9312710/09427550.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9312710/09427550.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068834395","display_name":"Jingpeng Gao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0202-0235"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I151727225","display_name":"Harbin Engineering University","ror":"https://ror.org/03x80pn82","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I151727225"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210124847","display_name":"National Engineering Research Center of Electromagnetic Radiation Control Materials","ror":"https://ror.org/02k4dcs46","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210124847"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4391767685","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Complex Electromagnetic Environment Effects on Electronics and Information System","ror":"https://ror.org/012ajw921","country_code":null,"type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575","https://openalex.org/I4391767685"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jingpeng Gao","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Information and Communication, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin, China","State Key Laboratory of Complex Electromagnetic Environment Effects on Electronics and Information System (CEMEE), Luoyang, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0202-0235","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information and Communication, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I151727225"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Complex Electromagnetic Environment Effects on Electronics and Information System (CEMEE), Luoyang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210124847","https://openalex.org/I4391767685"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Xu Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3973-2060"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I151727225","display_name":"Harbin Engineering University","ror":"https://ror.org/03x80pn82","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I151727225"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xu Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Information and Communication, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3973-2060","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information and Communication, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I151727225"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047541986","display_name":"Ruowu Wu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210124847","display_name":"National Engineering Research Center of Electromagnetic Radiation Control Materials","ror":"https://ror.org/02k4dcs46","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210124847"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4391767685","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Complex Electromagnetic Environment Effects on Electronics and Information System","ror":"https://ror.org/012ajw921","country_code":null,"type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575","https://openalex.org/I4391767685"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ruowu Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Complex Electromagnetic Environment Effects on Electronics and Information System (CEMEE), Luoyang, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Complex Electromagnetic Environment Effects on Electronics and Information System (CEMEE), Luoyang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210124847","https://openalex.org/I4391767685"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011123776","display_name":"Xiong Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7314-9437"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210124847","display_name":"National Engineering Research Center of Electromagnetic Radiation Control Materials","ror":"https://ror.org/02k4dcs46","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210124847"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4391767685","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Complex Electromagnetic Environment Effects on Electronics and Information System","ror":"https://ror.org/012ajw921","country_code":null,"type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575","https://openalex.org/I4391767685"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiong Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Complex Electromagnetic Environment Effects on Electronics and Information System (CEMEE), Luoyang, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Complex Electromagnetic Environment Effects on Electronics and Information System (CEMEE), Luoyang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210124847","https://openalex.org/I4391767685"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":0.5459,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.71426889,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":null,"first_page":"76689","last_page":"76706"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12131","display_name":"Wireless Signal Modulation Classification","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12131","display_name":"Wireless Signal Modulation Classification","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12447","display_name":"Spider Taxonomy and Behavior Studies","score":0.9330000281333923,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1311","display_name":"Genetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12254","display_name":"Machine Learning in Bioinformatics","score":0.9124000072479248,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7329328060150146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phase-shift-keying","display_name":"Phase-shift keying","score":0.6755480766296387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/swarm-behaviour","display_name":"Swarm behaviour","score":0.6603494882583618},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.6173049211502075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.5760532021522522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.5719590187072754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modulation","display_name":"Modulation (music)","score":0.5555878281593323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5527488589286804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.5294625163078308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/support-vector-machine","display_name":"Support vector machine","score":0.4635322391986847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal-to-noise-ratio","display_name":"Signal-to-noise ratio (imaging)","score":0.4396286904811859},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.3779822885990143},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bit-error-rate","display_name":"Bit error rate","score":0.24669939279556274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.16299137473106384}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7329328060150146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186378180","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4874866","display_name":"Phase-shift keying","level":4,"score":0.6755480766296387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C181335050","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14915018","display_name":"Swarm behaviour","level":2,"score":0.6603494882583618},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.6173049211502075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.5760532021522522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5719590187072754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123079801","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q750240","display_name":"Modulation (music)","level":2,"score":0.5555878281593323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5527488589286804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.5294625163078308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12267149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282453","display_name":"Support vector machine","level":2,"score":0.4635322391986847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13944312","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7512748","display_name":"Signal-to-noise ratio (imaging)","level":2,"score":0.4396286904811859},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.3779822885990143},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56296756","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840922","display_name":"Bit error rate","level":3,"score":0.24669939279556274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.16299137473106384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57273362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q576722","display_name":"Decoding methods","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107038049","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q35986","display_name":"Aesthetics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3079131","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3079131","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9312710/09427550.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:f89976023c504af582b48899eb16f1cb","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/f89976023c504af582b48899eb16f1cb","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 9, Pp 76689-76706 (2021)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3079131","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3079131","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9312710/09427550.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.75,"display_name":"Life below water","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/14"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3161779450.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3161779450.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":42,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1975671633","https://openalex.org/W1990713315","https://openalex.org/W2039637513","https://openalex.org/W2045495451","https://openalex.org/W2097117768","https://openalex.org/W2102544846","https://openalex.org/W2137664016","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2272847350","https://openalex.org/W2340258819","https://openalex.org/W2346457778","https://openalex.org/W2515006352","https://openalex.org/W2576404539","https://openalex.org/W2616108305","https://openalex.org/W2624887404","https://openalex.org/W2649995573","https://openalex.org/W2734408173","https://openalex.org/W2763125919","https://openalex.org/W2768160997","https://openalex.org/W2768531411","https://openalex.org/W2773170971","https://openalex.org/W2784522433","https://openalex.org/W2799645310","https://openalex.org/W2884089434","https://openalex.org/W2885592407","https://openalex.org/W2892487037","https://openalex.org/W2897792138","https://openalex.org/W2908300307","https://openalex.org/W2912568759","https://openalex.org/W2912736842","https://openalex.org/W2941430738","https://openalex.org/W2941859556","https://openalex.org/W2963181993","https://openalex.org/W2966167458","https://openalex.org/W2977164611","https://openalex.org/W3003183493","https://openalex.org/W3011163526","https://openalex.org/W3012083257","https://openalex.org/W3014660400","https://openalex.org/W3045414636","https://openalex.org/W3123967911","https://openalex.org/W3128864118"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4288714711","https://openalex.org/W3200708550","https://openalex.org/W2736680465","https://openalex.org/W2771637876","https://openalex.org/W4294093918","https://openalex.org/W4240853094","https://openalex.org/W2810496283","https://openalex.org/W2170656329","https://openalex.org/W3131977017","https://openalex.org/W2131499054"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,124,138],"modulation":[1,40,148,166],"recognition":[2,21,41,145,167],"method":[3,42,125,168],"based":[4,43],"on":[5,44],"deep":[6],"learning":[7],"plays":[8],"a":[9,31,38],"significant":[10],"role":[11],"in":[12,24],"the":[13,20,25,78,83,92,100,104,108,112,117,120,143,164],"intelligent":[14],"communication":[15],"system.":[16],"To":[17],"further":[18],"improve":[19],"rate,":[22],"especially":[23],"case":[26],"of":[27,106,110,114,119,147,153,160],"small":[28],"samples":[29],"with":[30],"low":[32,173],"signal-to-noise":[33],"ratio,":[34],"this":[35],"paper":[36],"proposes":[37],"new":[39],"flying":[45,93],"fish":[46,94],"swarm":[47,95],"algorithm.":[48],"First,":[49],"Short-Time":[50],"Fourier":[51],"Transform,":[52],"Choi-Williams":[53],"Distribution,":[54],"and":[55,69,88,116,136,156],"Cyclic":[56],"Spectrum":[57],"are":[58,71],"combined":[59],"to":[60,73,98],"complete":[61],"multi-channel":[62],"signal":[63,101],"processing.":[64],"Second,":[65],"AlexNet,":[66],"VGGNet,":[67],"GoogLeNet,":[68],"ResNet":[70],"transferred":[72],"realize":[74],"feature":[75,89],"extraction.":[76],"Third,":[77],"support":[79,121],"vector":[80,122],"machine":[81],"classifies":[82],"modulations":[84],"after":[85],"dimension":[86],"reduction":[87],"fusion.":[90],"Finally,":[91],"is":[96,149],"proposed":[97,165],"optimize":[99],"processing":[102],"methods,":[103],"types":[105],"networks,":[107,111],"layers":[109],"dimensions":[113],"features,":[115],"parameters":[118],"machine.":[123],"can":[126],"accurately":[127],"recognize":[128],"BPSK,":[129],"QPSK,":[130],"OQPSK,":[131],"8PSK,":[132],"4ASK,":[133],"QAM16,":[134],"QAM32,":[135],"QAM64.":[137],"simulation":[139],"results":[140],"show":[141],"that":[142],"average":[144],"rate":[146],"94.5%":[150],"at":[151,158],"SNR":[152,159,174],"0":[154],"dB":[155],"84.7%":[157],"\u22124":[161],"dB.":[162],"Besides,":[163],"possesses":[169],"good":[170],"robustness":[171],"under":[172],"conditions.":[175]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}