{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3161280467","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3078802","title":"Generalized Additive Modeling of Building Inertia Thermal Energy Storage for Integration Into Smart Grid Control","display_name":"Generalized Additive Modeling of Building Inertia Thermal Energy Storage for Integration Into Smart Grid Control","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3161280467","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3078802","mag":"3161280467"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3078802","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3078802","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9312710/09427196.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9312710/09427196.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004223032","display_name":"Marcus Vo\u00df","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7811-3561"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4577782","display_name":"Technische Universit\u00e4t Berlin","ror":"https://ror.org/03v4gjf40","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4577782"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marcus Voss","raw_affiliation_strings":["Distributed Artificial Intelligence Laboratory (DAI-Lab), Technische Universit\u00e4t Berlin, Berlin, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7811-3561","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Distributed Artificial Intelligence Laboratory (DAI-Lab), Technische Universit\u00e4t Berlin, Berlin, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4577782"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046280497","display_name":"Jan F. Heinekamp","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0166-5613"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4577782","display_name":"Technische Universit\u00e4t Berlin","ror":"https://ror.org/03v4gjf40","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4577782"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jan F. Heinekamp","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chair of Sustainable Electric Networks and Sources of Energy (SENSE), Technische Universit\u00e4t Berlin, Berlin, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0166-5613","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chair of Sustainable Electric Networks and Sources of Energy (SENSE), Technische Universit\u00e4t Berlin, Berlin, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4577782"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056127198","display_name":"Sabine Krutzsch","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I122228004","display_name":"HTW Berlin - University of Applied Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/01xzwj424","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I122228004"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sabine Krutzsch","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Engineering\u2013Energy and Information, Hochschule f\u00fcr Technik und Wirtschaft (HTW) Berlin, Berlin, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering\u2013Energy and Information, Hochschule f\u00fcr Technik und Wirtschaft (HTW) Berlin, Berlin, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I122228004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067925766","display_name":"Friedrich Sick","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I122228004","display_name":"HTW Berlin - University of Applied Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/01xzwj424","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I122228004"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Friedrich Sick","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Engineering\u2013Energy and Information, Hochschule f\u00fcr Technik und Wirtschaft (HTW) Berlin, Berlin, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering\u2013Energy and Information, Hochschule f\u00fcr Technik und Wirtschaft (HTW) Berlin, Berlin, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I122228004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089847337","display_name":"\u015eahin Albayrak","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5092-4584"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4577782","display_name":"Technische Universit\u00e4t Berlin","ror":"https://ror.org/03v4gjf40","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4577782"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sahin Albayrak","raw_affiliation_strings":["Distributed Artificial Intelligence Laboratory (DAI-Lab), Technische Universit\u00e4t Berlin, Berlin, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5092-4584","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Distributed Artificial Intelligence Laboratory (DAI-Lab), Technische Universit\u00e4t Berlin, Berlin, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4577782"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063738226","display_name":"Kai Strunz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2043-4549"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4577782","display_name":"Technische Universit\u00e4t Berlin","ror":"https://ror.org/03v4gjf40","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4577782"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kai Strunz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chair of Sustainable Electric Networks and Sources of Energy (SENSE), Technische Universit\u00e4t Berlin, Berlin, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2043-4549","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chair of Sustainable Electric Networks and Sources of Energy (SENSE), Technische Universit\u00e4t Berlin, Berlin, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4577782"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":1.0936,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":10,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.74747979,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":null,"first_page":"71699","last_page":"71711"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10121","display_name":"Building Energy and Comfort Optimization","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10121","display_name":"Building Energy and Comfort Optimization","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10603","display_name":"Smart Grid Energy Management","score":0.9912999868392944,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13298","display_name":"Solar Energy Systems and Technologies","score":0.9850000143051147,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thermal-energy-storage","display_name":"Thermal energy storage","score":0.7369247078895569},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5726923942565918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smart-grid","display_name":"Smart grid","score":0.5158942937850952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-storage","display_name":"Energy storage","score":0.4778556227684021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flexibility","display_name":"Flexibility (engineering)","score":0.47778090834617615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/building-automation","display_name":"Building automation","score":0.4626627266407013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/zero-energy-building","display_name":"Zero-energy building","score":0.4427616596221924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grid","display_name":"Grid","score":0.4165903329849243},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modelica","display_name":"Modelica","score":0.411262571811676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-engineering","display_name":"Control engineering","score":0.32848483324050903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/efficient-energy-use","display_name":"Efficient energy use","score":0.27815207839012146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simulation","display_name":"Simulation","score":0.2707870602607727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.2698950171470642},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.25528401136398315},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.21978086233139038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.08302751183509827}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C183287310","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2142963","display_name":"Thermal energy storage","level":2,"score":0.7369247078895569},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5726923942565918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10558101","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q689855","display_name":"Smart grid","level":2,"score":0.5158942937850952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73916439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837718","display_name":"Energy storage","level":3,"score":0.4778556227684021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780598303","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q65921492","display_name":"Flexibility (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.47778090834617615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83931994","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1149653","display_name":"Building automation","level":2,"score":0.4626627266407013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184978287","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1896121","display_name":"Zero-energy building","level":3,"score":0.4427616596221924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187691185","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2020720","display_name":"Grid","level":2,"score":0.4165903329849243},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37785467","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q385325","display_name":"Modelica","level":2,"score":0.411262571811676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133731056","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4917288","display_name":"Control engineering","level":1,"score":0.32848483324050903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2742236","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q924713","display_name":"Efficient energy use","level":2,"score":0.27815207839012146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44154836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45045","display_name":"Simulation","level":1,"score":0.2707870602607727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.2698950171470642},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.25528401136398315},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.21978086233139038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.08302751183509827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3078802","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3078802","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9312710/09427196.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:17008f1a7a674cf68f5b5d51bebad6d0","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/17008f1a7a674cf68f5b5d51bebad6d0","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 9, Pp 71699-71711 (2021)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3078802","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3078802","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9312710/09427196.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.75}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6572315522","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"03SF0520A","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321114","funder_display_name":"Bundesministerium f\u00fcr Bildung und Forschung"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320879","display_name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","ror":"https://ror.org/018mejw64"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321114","display_name":"Bundesministerium f\u00fcr Bildung und Forschung","ror":"https://ror.org/04pz7b180"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324094","display_name":"Technische Universit\u00e4t Berlin","ror":"https://ror.org/03v4gjf40"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3161280467.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3161280467.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":24,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W846457851","https://openalex.org/W1989513893","https://openalex.org/W2025924652","https://openalex.org/W2038726889","https://openalex.org/W2074289846","https://openalex.org/W2077604648","https://openalex.org/W2462145648","https://openalex.org/W2608269585","https://openalex.org/W2621059712","https://openalex.org/W2787196069","https://openalex.org/W2788346400","https://openalex.org/W2792052349","https://openalex.org/W2793085335","https://openalex.org/W2802011801","https://openalex.org/W2889001642","https://openalex.org/W2903937389","https://openalex.org/W2906258387","https://openalex.org/W2999086281","https://openalex.org/W3011437227","https://openalex.org/W3088806967","https://openalex.org/W4249303080","https://openalex.org/W6747949133","https://openalex.org/W6774538461","https://openalex.org/W6783865313"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2357836719","https://openalex.org/W2387860042","https://openalex.org/W2352924432","https://openalex.org/W281208081","https://openalex.org/W2331379850","https://openalex.org/W4309556325","https://openalex.org/W4309834090","https://openalex.org/W1577074301","https://openalex.org/W2044573463","https://openalex.org/W2199575140"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,181],"structural":[1],"mass":[2,16],"of":[3,42,98,121,127,140,146,221,239,246],"a":[4,39,92,147],"building":[5,15,43,76,142,179,228],"provides":[6],"inherent":[7],"thermal":[8,45],"storage":[9,47,132,143],"capability.":[10],"Through":[11],"sector":[12],"coupling,":[13],"the":[14,22,85,95,122,131,138,158,176,186,213,219,224,242,247],"can":[17,65,89],"provide":[18],"additional":[19,237],"flexibility":[20,240],"to":[21,208,241],"electric":[23],"power":[24,32,149],"system,":[25],"using,":[26],"for":[27,49,94,102,152,174,188,215],"instance,":[28],"combined":[29],"heat":[30],"and":[31,125,178,196,223],"plants":[33],"or":[34],"power-to-heat.":[35],"In":[36,157],"this":[37,79],"work,":[38],"mathematical":[40],"model":[41,63],"inertia":[44],"energy":[46,244],"(BITES)":[48],"integration":[50],"into":[51],"optimized":[52,153],"smart":[53,154],"grid":[54,155,197],"control":[55,229],"is":[56,59,82,163],"introduced.":[57],"It":[58,200],"shown":[60],"how":[61],"necessary":[62],"parameters":[64],"be":[66],"obtained":[67],"using":[68,105,141,205,209],"generalized":[69],"additive":[70],"modeling":[71,120],"(GAM)":[72],"based":[73],"on":[74],"measurable":[75],"data.":[77],"For":[78],"purpose,":[80],"it":[81],"demonstrated":[83],"that":[84],"ceiling":[86],"surface":[87],"temperature":[88,107],"serve":[90],"as":[91,109,144,235],"proxy":[93],"current":[96],"state":[97],"energy.":[99],"This":[100],"allows":[101],"real-world":[103],"implementation":[104],"only":[106],"sensors":[108],"additionally":[110],"required":[111],"hardware.":[112],"Compared":[113],"with":[114,165],"linear":[115],"modeling,":[116],"GAM":[117],"enable":[118],"improved":[119],"nonlinear":[123],"characteristics":[124],"interactions":[126],"external":[128],"factors":[129],"influencing":[130],"operation.":[133],"Two":[134],"case":[135,160,183],"studies":[136],"demonstrate":[137],"potential":[139,187,234],"part":[145],"virtual":[148],"plant":[150],"(VPP)":[151],"control.":[156],"first":[159],"study,":[161],"BITES":[162,206,231],"compared":[164,207],"conventionally":[166],"used":[167],"hot":[168],"water":[169],"tanks,":[170],"revealing":[171],"economic":[172],"benefits":[173,203],"both":[175],"VPP":[177],"operator.":[180],"second":[182],"study":[184],"investigates":[185],"savings":[189],"in":[190,227],"CO":[191],"<sub":[192],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[193],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">2</sub>":[194],"emission":[195],"connection":[198],"capacity.":[199],"shows":[201],"similar":[202],"when":[204],"battery":[210],"storage,":[211],"without":[212],"need":[214],"hardware":[216],"investment.":[217],"Given":[218],"ubiquity":[220],"buildings":[222],"recent":[225],"advances":[226],"systems,":[230],"offers":[232],"great":[233],"an":[236],"source":[238],"low-carbon":[243],"systems":[245],"future.":[248]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}