{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3162930937","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3078644","title":"Non-Negative Matrix Factorization of Simulated High Density Surface Electromyograms Reflects Both Muscle Excitation and Muscle Shortening","display_name":"Non-Negative Matrix Factorization of Simulated High Density Surface Electromyograms Reflects Both Muscle Excitation and Muscle Shortening","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3162930937","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3078644","mag":"3162930937"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3078644","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3078644","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9312710/09427096.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9312710/09427096.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039676425","display_name":"Martin \u0160avc","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2193-530X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37696226","display_name":"University of Maribor","ror":"https://ror.org/01d5jce07","country_code":"SI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37696226"]}],"countries":["SI"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Martin Savc","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2193-530X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37696226"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103171055","display_name":"Ale\u0161 Holobar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7194-2669"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37696226","display_name":"University of Maribor","ror":"https://ror.org/01d5jce07","country_code":"SI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37696226"]}],"countries":["SI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ales Holobar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7194-2669","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37696226"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5039676425"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37696226"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":0.2546,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.49041423,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":null,"first_page":"70548","last_page":"70555"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10784","display_name":"Muscle activation and electromyography studies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10784","display_name":"Muscle activation and electromyography studies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10982","display_name":"Motor Control and Adaptation","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10429","display_name":"EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces","score":0.998199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biceps","display_name":"Biceps","score":0.6827662587165833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/excitation","display_name":"Excitation","score":0.6715788841247559},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electromyography","display_name":"Electromyography","score":0.6692221164703369},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/non-negative-matrix-factorization","display_name":"Non-negative matrix factorization","score":0.6689940690994263},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/motor-unit","display_name":"Motor unit","score":0.6054530143737793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anatomy","display_name":"Anatomy","score":0.42282137274742126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biomedical-engineering","display_name":"Biomedical engineering","score":0.4032560884952545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.3871840238571167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.3597491383552551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/matrix-decomposition","display_name":"Matrix decomposition","score":0.32057803869247437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.22381725907325745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.16789788007736206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neuroscience","display_name":"Neuroscience","score":0.15010690689086914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biology","display_name":"Biology","score":0.1362335979938507}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781425419","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q201363","display_name":"Biceps","level":2,"score":0.6827662587165833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83581075","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1361503","display_name":"Excitation","level":2,"score":0.6715788841247559},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777515770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q507369","display_name":"Electromyography","level":2,"score":0.6692221164703369},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152671427","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10843505","display_name":"Non-negative matrix factorization","level":4,"score":0.6689940690994263},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781425072","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1889028","display_name":"Motor unit","level":2,"score":0.6054530143737793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105702510","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q514","display_name":"Anatomy","level":1,"score":0.42282137274742126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136229726","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q327092","display_name":"Biomedical engineering","level":1,"score":0.4032560884952545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.3871840238571167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.3597491383552551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42355184","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1361088","display_name":"Matrix decomposition","level":3,"score":0.32057803869247437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.22381725907325745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.16789788007736206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.15010690689086914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.1362335979938507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158693339","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190524","display_name":"Eigenvalues and eigenvectors","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3078644","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3078644","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9312710/09427096.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:44b8742654c5471ba561f6cd8faa555c","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/44b8742654c5471ba561f6cd8faa555c","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 9, Pp 70548-70555 (2021)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3078644","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3078644","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9312710/09427096.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2291760295","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"P2-0041","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322554","funder_display_name":"Javna Agencija za Raziskovalno Dejavnost RS"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2655282148","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"L7-9421","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322554","funder_display_name":"Javna Agencija za Raziskovalno Dejavnost RS"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2725016129","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"J2-1731","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322554","funder_display_name":"Javna Agencija za Raziskovalno Dejavnost RS"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4241465234","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Program funding P2-0041","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322554","funder_display_name":"Javna Agencija za Raziskovalno Dejavnost RS"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5034347314","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"J2-7357","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322554","funder_display_name":"Javna Agencija za Raziskovalno Dejavnost RS"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322554","display_name":"Javna Agencija za Raziskovalno Dejavnost RS","ror":"https://ror.org/059bp8k51"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3162930937.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3162930937.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":30,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1809394698","https://openalex.org/W1946570585","https://openalex.org/W1964765255","https://openalex.org/W1964919144","https://openalex.org/W1972837991","https://openalex.org/W1990201224","https://openalex.org/W2004879773","https://openalex.org/W2017288758","https://openalex.org/W2034255374","https://openalex.org/W2042861111","https://openalex.org/W2043240362","https://openalex.org/W2059478551","https://openalex.org/W2070213512","https://openalex.org/W2083992293","https://openalex.org/W2093990877","https://openalex.org/W2097292795","https://openalex.org/W2148270081","https://openalex.org/W2239607246","https://openalex.org/W2270484149","https://openalex.org/W2290981976","https://openalex.org/W2323110956","https://openalex.org/W2514794139","https://openalex.org/W2560767392","https://openalex.org/W2587122088","https://openalex.org/W2727143792","https://openalex.org/W2890243010","https://openalex.org/W2893480171","https://openalex.org/W2904776416","https://openalex.org/W2914948686","https://openalex.org/W3012896577"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W293276664","https://openalex.org/W2097319476","https://openalex.org/W2154645506","https://openalex.org/W1970554925","https://openalex.org/W3126333532","https://openalex.org/W2412711876","https://openalex.org/W2127243424","https://openalex.org/W2045891296","https://openalex.org/W4390394189","https://openalex.org/W2318171354"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0,23],"analyzed":[1],"muscle":[2,57,60,117,124,152,179,182],"excitation":[3,58,136,160,180],"estimation":[4],"systematically":[5],"by":[6,49,87],"Non-negative":[7],"matrix":[8],"factorization":[9],"(NMF)":[10],"from":[11,32,70,139],"surface":[12,33],"electromyograms":[13],"(EMG)":[14],"during":[15,35],"dynamic":[16,37],"contractions":[17,38],"of":[18,39,103,113,123,131],"biceps":[19],"brachii":[20],"(BB)":[21],"muscles.":[22],"used":[24],"motor":[25,51],"unit":[26,52],"action":[27],"potentials":[28],"(MUAPs)":[29],"estimated":[30],"experimentally":[31],"EMGs":[34],"slow":[36],"BB":[40,107],"muscles":[41],"in":[42],"healthy":[43],"young":[44],"males,":[45],"and":[46,59,72,85,105,151,164,181],"convolved":[47],"them":[48],"simulated":[50],"firing":[53],"patterns.":[54],"Different":[55],"uncorrelated":[56],"shortening":[61,153,183],"profiles":[62,154],"were":[63,81],"combined":[64],"when":[65],"generating":[66],"the":[67,143,148],"EMG":[68,79],"signals":[69,80],"left":[71,104],"right":[73,106],"BBs":[74],"(64":[75],"channels":[76],"per":[77],"muscle).":[78],"rectified,":[82],"low-passed":[83],"filtered":[84],"decomposed":[86],"NMF":[88,98,114,133,149,175],"into":[89],"2,":[90],"3,":[91],"4":[92],"or":[93],"6":[94],"components.":[95],"The":[96],"identified":[97,132],"components":[99,115,134,150,176],"demonstrated":[100],"good":[101],"separation":[102],"activity,":[108],"but":[109],"relatively":[110],"large":[111],"sensitivity":[112],"to":[116,141,170],"shortening,":[118],"especially":[119],"at":[120,135],"high":[121],"levels":[122,137,161],"excitation.":[125],"When":[126],"averaged":[127],"across":[128],"different":[129],"numbers":[130],"ranging":[138],"40":[140,165],"80%,":[142],"average":[144],"correlation":[145],"coefficient":[146],"between":[147,162],"was":[155],"0.45":[156],"\u00b1":[157,172],"0.15.":[158],"At":[159],"0":[163],"%":[166],"these":[167],"correlations":[168],"decreased":[169],"0.15":[171],"0.09.":[173],"Therefore,":[174],"reflect":[177],"both":[178],"profiles.":[184]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-05-06T08:25:59.206177","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}