{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3157546678","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3076681","title":"Generalised Anxiety Disorder and Depression on Implicit and Explicit Trust Tendencies Toward Automated Systems","display_name":"Generalised Anxiety Disorder and Depression on Implicit and Explicit Trust Tendencies Toward Automated Systems","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3157546678","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3076681","mag":"3157546678"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3076681","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3076681","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9312710/09419043.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9312710/09419043.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070010492","display_name":"Jordan R. Crawford","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1404-6408"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I143804889","display_name":"Loughborough University","ror":"https://ror.org/04vg4w365","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I143804889"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jordan R. Crawford","raw_affiliation_strings":["Wolfson School of Mechanical, Electrical and Manufacturing Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough, U.K"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1404-6408","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Wolfson School of Mechanical, Electrical and Manufacturing Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I143804889"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072410037","display_name":"Yee Mey Goh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5028-9506"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I143804889","display_name":"Loughborough University","ror":"https://ror.org/04vg4w365","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I143804889"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yee Mey Goh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Wolfson School of Mechanical, Electrical and Manufacturing Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough, U.K"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5028-9506","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Wolfson School of Mechanical, Electrical and Manufacturing Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I143804889"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048501005","display_name":"Ella\u2010Mae Hubbard","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4022-3738"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I143804889","display_name":"Loughborough University","ror":"https://ror.org/04vg4w365","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I143804889"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ella-Mae Hubbard","raw_affiliation_strings":["Wolfson School of Mechanical, Electrical and Manufacturing Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough, U.K"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4022-3738","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Wolfson School of Mechanical, Electrical and Manufacturing Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I143804889"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I143804889"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":0.6419,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.66316863,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":null,"first_page":"68081","last_page":"68092"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11519","display_name":"Digital Mental Health Interventions","score":0.9902999997138977,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3202","display_name":"Applied Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11519","display_name":"Digital Mental Health Interventions","score":0.9902999997138977,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3202","display_name":"Applied Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11542","display_name":"Behavioral Health and Interventions","score":0.9868999719619751,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3202","display_name":"Applied Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13471","display_name":"Cognitive Functions and Memory","score":0.9865999817848206,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mood","display_name":"Mood","score":0.5631070137023926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.5036846995353699},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anxiety","display_name":"Anxiety","score":0.5032617449760437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4580582082271576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3701159954071045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-psychology","display_name":"Social psychology","score":0.33042263984680176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychiatry","display_name":"Psychiatry","score":0.13501152396202087}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780733359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q331769","display_name":"Mood","level":2,"score":0.5631070137023926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.5036846995353699},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C558461103","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q154430","display_name":"Anxiety","level":2,"score":0.5032617449760437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4580582082271576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3701159954071045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.33042263984680176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.13501152396202087}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3076681","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3076681","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9312710/09419043.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:e0978c80c9184c4ead00cb04504e1d0c","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/e0978c80c9184c4ead00cb04504e1d0c","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 9, Pp 68081-68092 (2021)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3076681","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3076681","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9312710/09419043.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G573812740","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/R512576/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/0439y7842"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3157546678.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3157546678.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":98,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W15985269","https://openalex.org/W157944048","https://openalex.org/W235978909","https://openalex.org/W1585159514","https://openalex.org/W1965514675","https://openalex.org/W1967147317","https://openalex.org/W1972606905","https://openalex.org/W1978271112","https://openalex.org/W1981856831","https://openalex.org/W1985122021","https://openalex.org/W1987138256","https://openalex.org/W1994777504","https://openalex.org/W1996690242","https://openalex.org/W1999397138","https://openalex.org/W2000696780","https://openalex.org/W2016511995","https://openalex.org/W2017879382","https://openalex.org/W2023312527","https://openalex.org/W2027128941","https://openalex.org/W2029591514","https://openalex.org/W2032426551","https://openalex.org/W2032704119","https://openalex.org/W2033317495","https://openalex.org/W2036335035","https://openalex.org/W2039418848","https://openalex.org/W2040775239","https://openalex.org/W2043705607","https://openalex.org/W2044148923","https://openalex.org/W2046530732","https://openalex.org/W2047901726","https://openalex.org/W2048533792","https://openalex.org/W2051239016","https://openalex.org/W2062470422","https://openalex.org/W2062672584","https://openalex.org/W2063052894","https://openalex.org/W2065642849","https://openalex.org/W2073009448","https://openalex.org/W2074903381","https://openalex.org/W2075459228","https://openalex.org/W2076879021","https://openalex.org/W2089203823","https://openalex.org/W2095499283","https://openalex.org/W2095521140","https://openalex.org/W2098098526","https://openalex.org/W2099465598","https://openalex.org/W2103351070","https://openalex.org/W2105751875","https://openalex.org/W2110171129","https://openalex.org/W2118448219","https://openalex.org/W2121533105","https://openalex.org/W2123179704","https://openalex.org/W2124003156","https://openalex.org/W2132322340","https://openalex.org/W2135874888","https://openalex.org/W2140534852","https://openalex.org/W2141538250","https://openalex.org/W2142175015","https://openalex.org/W2143074722","https://openalex.org/W2148302286","https://openalex.org/W2150833190","https://openalex.org/W2156104108","https://openalex.org/W2157678216","https://openalex.org/W2164772857","https://openalex.org/W2165328155","https://openalex.org/W2168851695","https://openalex.org/W2180135790","https://openalex.org/W2250094803","https://openalex.org/W2285132149","https://openalex.org/W2346586954","https://openalex.org/W2402372859","https://openalex.org/W2469169105","https://openalex.org/W2487458416","https://openalex.org/W2587212774","https://openalex.org/W2590445189","https://openalex.org/W2735076902","https://openalex.org/W2741794720","https://openalex.org/W2757265244","https://openalex.org/W2770127820","https://openalex.org/W2785757083","https://openalex.org/W2798157462","https://openalex.org/W2803769725","https://openalex.org/W2894468117","https://openalex.org/W2947119901","https://openalex.org/W2952331055","https://openalex.org/W2955120820","https://openalex.org/W3033293603","https://openalex.org/W4211198249","https://openalex.org/W4214750293","https://openalex.org/W4229500531","https://openalex.org/W4231165370","https://openalex.org/W4238475709","https://openalex.org/W4243342770","https://openalex.org/W4298260343","https://openalex.org/W4301221590","https://openalex.org/W6634819712","https://openalex.org/W6691324147","https://openalex.org/W6713292138","https://openalex.org/W6765292347"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2931662336","https://openalex.org/W2077865380","https://openalex.org/W3006817050","https://openalex.org/W4401768695","https://openalex.org/W2765597752","https://openalex.org/W2134894512","https://openalex.org/W2083375246","https://openalex.org/W2010073985"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"explores":[2],"whethergeneralised":[3],"anxiety":[4],"disorder(GAD)":[5],"anddepressionhave":[6],"any":[7,24],"effect":[8,186],"on":[9,158,187],"an":[10,37,88],"individual\u2019s":[11,89],"explicit":[12],"general":[13,136],"propensity":[14,137,174],"to":[15,23,50,95,106,118,133,138,152,175,183],"trust":[16,74,121,139,176,201],"automated":[17,26,41,92,144,177,238],"systems":[18,42,145,178],"(trust":[19],"that":[20,31,54,212],"is":[21],"unspecific":[22],"one":[25],"system)":[27],"and":[28,63,75,78,115,124,140,171,214,230,232],"whether":[29,81],"those":[30,194],"do":[32],"have":[33,36,181,216],"these":[34],"disorders":[35],"implicit":[38,126,141,189],"bias":[39],"towards":[40,91,143],"over":[43,220],"other":[44],"humans.":[45],"The":[46],"human-automated":[47,69,221],"system":[48,70,222,239],"literature":[49],"date":[51],"has":[52],"discovered":[53],"individual":[55],"differences":[56],"in":[57,129,237],"humans,":[58],"such":[59],"as":[60],"self-confidence,":[61],"mood,":[62],"personality":[64],"types,":[65],"can":[66,209],"influence":[67,219],"the":[68,119,125,159],"relationship":[71],"through":[72],"human":[73],"reliance":[76],"attitudes":[77,90],"behaviour.":[79],"However,":[80],"suffering":[82],"from":[83],"a":[84,130,166,198],"mental":[85],"disorder":[86],"influences":[87],"systemsgenerallyis":[93],"yet":[94],"be":[96,210,234],"explored.":[97],"In":[98],"this":[99],"study,":[100],"184":[101],"UK":[102],"university":[103],"students":[104],"responded":[105],"online":[107],"experiments":[108],"between":[109,169],"December":[110],"2019":[111],"\u2013":[112],"January":[113],"2020":[114],"were":[116],"subjected":[117],"cultural":[120],"instrument":[122],"survey":[123],"association":[127,142,190],"test":[128,191],"between-subjects":[131],"design":[132],"measure":[134],"their":[135],"respectively.":[146],"A":[147],"two-way":[148],"ANOVA":[149],"was":[150,165],"performed":[151],"evaluate":[153],"GAD$\\times":[154],"$depression":[155],"interaction":[156,168],"effects":[157],"dependent":[160],"variables.":[161],"Results":[162],"suggest":[163],"there":[164],"significant":[167],"GAD":[170,213],"depression":[172,196,215],"regarding":[173],"but":[179],"they":[180,204],"little":[182],"no":[184],"influential":[185],"mean":[188],"scores.":[192],"Furthermore,":[193],"without":[195],"showed":[197],"significantly":[199],"higher":[200],"score":[202],"when":[203],"also":[205],"had":[206],"GAD.":[207],"It":[208],"concluded":[211],"potential":[217,226],"critical":[218],"trust,":[223],"thus":[224],"creating":[225],"issues":[227],"with":[228],"misuse":[229],"disuse":[231],"must":[233],"accounted":[235],"for":[236],"design.":[240]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T09:40:50.615796","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}