{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3158790481","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3074676","title":"Explainable Machine Learning for Default Privacy Setting Prediction","display_name":"Explainable Machine Learning for Default Privacy Setting Prediction","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3158790481","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3074676","mag":"3158790481"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3074676","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3074676","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9312710/09410256.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9312710/09410256.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021105620","display_name":"Sascha L\u00f6bner","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9164-1919"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114090438","display_name":"Goethe University Frankfurt","ror":"https://ror.org/04cvxnb49","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114090438"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sascha Lobner","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chair of Mobile Business and Multilateral Security, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9164-1919","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chair of Mobile Business and Multilateral Security, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114090438"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040735533","display_name":"Welderufael B. Tesfay","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1087-2019"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114090438","display_name":"Goethe University Frankfurt","ror":"https://ror.org/04cvxnb49","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114090438"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Welderufael B. Tesfay","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chair of Mobile Business and Multilateral Security, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1087-2019","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chair of Mobile Business and Multilateral Security, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114090438"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102027440","display_name":"Toru Nakamura","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2530-648X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210164495","display_name":"KDDI Research (Japan)","ror":"https://ror.org/05qsqt662","country_code":"JP","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210164495"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Toru Nakamura","raw_affiliation_strings":["Information Security Laboratory, KDDI Research, Inc., Fujimino, Japan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2530-648X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Information Security Laboratory, KDDI Research, Inc., Fujimino, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210164495"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048076332","display_name":"Sebastian Pape","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0893-7856"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114090438","display_name":"Goethe University Frankfurt","ror":"https://ror.org/04cvxnb49","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114090438"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sebastian Pape","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chair of Mobile Business and Multilateral Security, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0893-7856","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chair of Mobile Business and Multilateral Security, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114090438"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1723,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":1858},"fwci":2.0985,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":18,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.89193757,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":null,"first_page":"63700","last_page":"63717"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10764","display_name":"Privacy-Preserving Technologies in Data","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10764","display_name":"Privacy-Preserving Technologies in Data","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12026","display_name":"Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI)","score":0.9923999905586243,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11344","display_name":"Traffic Prediction and Management Techniques","score":0.9872000217437744,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interpretability","display_name":"Interpretability","score":0.9205275774002075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.805554986000061},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-privacy","display_name":"Information privacy","score":0.5624628663063049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/privacy-by-design","display_name":"Privacy by Design","score":0.5306125283241272},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.5108065605163574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/general-data-protection-regulation","display_name":"General Data Protection Regulation","score":0.500974178314209},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-privacy","display_name":"Internet privacy","score":0.48714420199394226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/privacy-software","display_name":"Privacy software","score":0.4665166139602661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/privacy-policy","display_name":"Privacy policy","score":0.419174462556839},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.3464227318763733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3416914939880371},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.32507574558258057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-protection-act-1998","display_name":"Data Protection Act 1998","score":0.17458802461624146}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781067378","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17027399","display_name":"Interpretability","level":2,"score":0.9205275774002075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.805554986000061},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123201435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q456632","display_name":"Information privacy","level":2,"score":0.5624628663063049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C193934123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7246028","display_name":"Privacy by Design","level":3,"score":0.5306125283241272},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.5108065605163574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3090818","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1172506","display_name":"General Data Protection Regulation","level":3,"score":0.500974178314209},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108827166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175975","display_name":"Internet privacy","level":1,"score":0.48714420199394226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C509729295","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7246032","display_name":"Privacy software","level":3,"score":0.4665166139602661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C102938260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1999831","display_name":"Privacy policy","level":3,"score":0.419174462556839},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3464227318763733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3416914939880371},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.32507574558258057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C69360830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1172237","display_name":"Data Protection Act 1998","level":2,"score":0.17458802461624146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3074676","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3074676","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9312710/09410256.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:publikationen.ub.uni-frankfurt.de:61240","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:hebis:30:3-612402","pdf_url":"http://publikationen.ub.uni-frankfurt.de/files/61240/Loebner_etal_2021_Explainable_machine_learning.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400432","display_name":"Publication Server of Goethe University Frankfurt am Main (Goethe University Frankfurt)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I114090438","host_organization_name":"Goethe University Frankfurt","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114090438"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:6e789ea0f5fd4ff1960f58c1aadcdd6e","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/6e789ea0f5fd4ff1960f58c1aadcdd6e","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 9, Pp 63700-63717 (2021)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3074676","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3074676","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9312710/09410256.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","score":0.6000000238418579,"display_name":"Decent work and economic growth"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5356549776","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"830929","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6384328479","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"830929","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332999","funder_display_name":"Horizon 2020 Framework Programme"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7842005466","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Horizon 2020","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","display_name":"European Commission","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332999","display_name":"Horizon 2020 Framework Programme","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3158790481.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3158790481.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":61,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W46659105","https://openalex.org/W654652841","https://openalex.org/W964600994","https://openalex.org/W1581231885","https://openalex.org/W1601795611","https://openalex.org/W1663973292","https://openalex.org/W1673310716","https://openalex.org/W1966263568","https://openalex.org/W1983362611","https://openalex.org/W1984786275","https://openalex.org/W1991741230","https://openalex.org/W2012656123","https://openalex.org/W2013587512","https://openalex.org/W2016381774","https://openalex.org/W2047681257","https://openalex.org/W2051267297","https://openalex.org/W2072171099","https://openalex.org/W2097210817","https://openalex.org/W2097427281","https://openalex.org/W2101234009","https://openalex.org/W2114216000","https://openalex.org/W2127218421","https://openalex.org/W2128724868","https://openalex.org/W2129813073","https://openalex.org/W2132914434","https://openalex.org/W2142838865","https://openalex.org/W2148143831","https://openalex.org/W2154685734","https://openalex.org/W2157428377","https://openalex.org/W2163834602","https://openalex.org/W2165874743","https://openalex.org/W2187089797","https://openalex.org/W2342938801","https://openalex.org/W2378208052","https://openalex.org/W2467263134","https://openalex.org/W2493343568","https://openalex.org/W2588584237","https://openalex.org/W2756233676","https://openalex.org/W2770777013","https://openalex.org/W2902240649","https://openalex.org/W2962772482","https://openalex.org/W2962790223","https://openalex.org/W2963095307","https://openalex.org/W2963847595","https://openalex.org/W2995819909","https://openalex.org/W3013149459","https://openalex.org/W3035965352","https://openalex.org/W3099878876","https://openalex.org/W3100931974","https://openalex.org/W4288083797","https://openalex.org/W4289293306","https://openalex.org/W4299408792","https://openalex.org/W4385403451","https://openalex.org/W6625438189","https://openalex.org/W6637131181","https://openalex.org/W6675354045","https://openalex.org/W6678914141","https://openalex.org/W6684578312","https://openalex.org/W6718991148","https://openalex.org/W6734261555","https://openalex.org/W6756223733"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2116878667","https://openalex.org/W3042284153","https://openalex.org/W2994243660","https://openalex.org/W2132024542","https://openalex.org/W2006891491","https://openalex.org/W2118333568","https://openalex.org/W2900699882","https://openalex.org/W2982500526","https://openalex.org/W576625533","https://openalex.org/W2187353989"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"When":[0],"requesting":[1],"a":[2,27,155],"web-based":[3],"service,":[4],"users":[5,46,172],"often":[6],"fail":[7],"in":[8,80,102,105,134,145],"setting":[9,56,114,169],"the":[10,23,37,67,83,96,120,146],"website\u2019s":[11],"privacy":[12,18,39,55,71,76,113,168],"settings":[13],"according":[14,73],"to":[15,48,65,69,74,119,141,159,180],"their":[16],"self":[17],"preferences.":[19,77],"Being":[20],"overwhelmed":[21],"by":[22,90],"choice":[24],"of":[25,29,31,36,131],"preferences,":[26],"lack":[28],"knowledge":[30],"related":[32],"technologies":[33],"or":[34],"unawareness":[35],"own":[38],"preferences":[40,72],"are":[41,59,176],"just":[42],"some":[43],"reasons":[44],"why":[45],"tend":[47],"struggle.":[49],"To":[50,78],"address":[51],"all":[52],"these":[53],"problems,":[54],"prediction":[57,115,170],"tools":[58,63],"particularly":[60],"well-suited.":[61],"Such":[62],"aim":[64,158],"lower":[66],"burden":[68],"set":[70],"owners\u2019":[75],"be":[79],"line":[81],"with":[82],"increased":[84,129],"demand":[85],"for":[86,111,166],"explainability":[87],"and":[88,137,163,175],"interpretability":[89,130],"regulatory":[91],"obligations":[92],"\u2013":[93,104],"such":[94],"as":[95],"General":[97],"Data":[98],"Protection":[99],"Regulation":[100],"(GDPR)":[101],"Europe":[103],"this":[106],"paper":[107],"an":[108,125,161],"explainable":[109,162],"model":[110,135],"default":[112,167],"is":[116],"introduced.":[117],"Compared":[118],"previous":[121],"work":[122],"we":[123,157],"present":[124],"improved":[126],"feature":[127],"selection,":[128],"each":[132],"step":[133],"design":[136,148],"enhanced":[138],"evaluation":[139],"metrics":[140],"better":[142],"identify":[143],"weaknesses":[144],"model\u2019s":[147],"before":[149],"it":[150],"goes":[151],"into":[152],"production.":[153],"As":[154],"result,":[156],"provide":[160],"transparent":[164],"tool":[165],"which":[171],"easily":[173],"understand":[174],"therefore":[177],"more":[178],"likely":[179],"use.":[181]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-20T22:02:38.213706","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
