{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3154244947","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3073967","title":"VoIP Traffic Detection in Tunneled and Anonymous Networks Using Deep Learning","display_name":"VoIP Traffic Detection in Tunneled and Anonymous Networks Using Deep Learning","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3154244947","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3073967","mag":"3154244947"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3073967","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3073967","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9312710/09406580.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9312710/09406580.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049351594","display_name":"Faiz Ul Islam","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4754-3320"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36399199","display_name":"Nanjing University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00xp9wg62","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36399199"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Faiz Ul Islam","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Automation, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Automation, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36399199"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062243742","display_name":"Guangjie Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4729-7406"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200845125","display_name":"Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02y0rxk19","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200845125"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guangjie Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200845125"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064502956","display_name":"Jiangtao Zhai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8557-9899"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200845125","display_name":"Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02y0rxk19","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200845125"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiangtao Zhai","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200845125"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100359503","display_name":"Weiwei Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7353-9136"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36399199","display_name":"Nanjing University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00xp9wg62","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36399199"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Weiwei Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Automation, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Automation, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36399199"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5049351594"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36399199"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":3.4997,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":33,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93674789,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":null,"first_page":"59783","last_page":"59799"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11598","display_name":"Internet Traffic Analysis and Secure E-voting","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11598","display_name":"Internet Traffic Analysis and Secure E-voting","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10138","display_name":"Network Traffic and Congestion Control","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voice-over-ip","display_name":"Voice over IP","score":0.7756825089454651},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.747675895690918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.5631201267242432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.5404227375984192},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.37491944432258606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.31965023279190063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.16035911440849304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/the-internet","display_name":"The Internet","score":0.1479598581790924}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171246234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q81945","display_name":"Voice over IP","level":3,"score":0.7756825089454651},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.747675895690918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.5631201267242432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.5404227375984192},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.37491944432258606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.31965023279190063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.16035911440849304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.1479598581790924}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3073967","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3073967","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9312710/09406580.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:5f0b488c0a274646b3fe86826b218cdd","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/5f0b488c0a274646b3fe86826b218cdd","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 9, Pp 59783-59799 (2021)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3073967","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3073967","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9312710/09406580.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":0.4300000071525574,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1023919524","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":", Grant","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1231421488","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"under","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1817350936","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61772281","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2087396116","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"China","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2627681709","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"6177228","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2702356746","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61702","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3004504207","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61801073","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3317480652","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Science","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G391238517","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":", and","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4899784454","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62072250","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5515644545","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U1836104","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5994120800","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Natural","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6068309802","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61931004","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8982426284","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61702235","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3154244947.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3154244947.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":65,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1926506756","https://openalex.org/W1964234701","https://openalex.org/W1965857701","https://openalex.org/W1972721567","https://openalex.org/W1973668864","https://openalex.org/W1978282450","https://openalex.org/W1979896568","https://openalex.org/W1982728146","https://openalex.org/W1996339678","https://openalex.org/W2003887161","https://openalex.org/W2008686970","https://openalex.org/W2012426554","https://openalex.org/W2027664152","https://openalex.org/W2031163547","https://openalex.org/W2031794885","https://openalex.org/W2055261595","https://openalex.org/W2062401262","https://openalex.org/W2064446036","https://openalex.org/W2064675550","https://openalex.org/W2071791057","https://openalex.org/W2083254762","https://openalex.org/W2098260898","https://openalex.org/W2101222264","https://openalex.org/W2125510568","https://openalex.org/W2127561666","https://openalex.org/W2130269771","https://openalex.org/W2133990480","https://openalex.org/W2134632326","https://openalex.org/W2137831706","https://openalex.org/W2143564183","https://openalex.org/W2161251616","https://openalex.org/W2168480477","https://openalex.org/W2179036394","https://openalex.org/W2185255763","https://openalex.org/W2295321789","https://openalex.org/W2343004508","https://openalex.org/W2343828539","https://openalex.org/W2581819786","https://openalex.org/W2591712613","https://openalex.org/W2604062557","https://openalex.org/W2620689220","https://openalex.org/W2621166905","https://openalex.org/W2728768174","https://openalex.org/W2743678626","https://openalex.org/W2750674396","https://openalex.org/W2760710921","https://openalex.org/W2765541515","https://openalex.org/W2768726319","https://openalex.org/W2779898574","https://openalex.org/W2782597251","https://openalex.org/W2784189535","https://openalex.org/W2790832484","https://openalex.org/W2794826941","https://openalex.org/W2904326537","https://openalex.org/W2922103104","https://openalex.org/W2928842143","https://openalex.org/W2942239200","https://openalex.org/W2942890744","https://openalex.org/W2944968054","https://openalex.org/W2963516518","https://openalex.org/W2974442408","https://openalex.org/W3041662508","https://openalex.org/W3043450011","https://openalex.org/W3121886859","https://openalex.org/W6679864962"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2731899572","https://openalex.org/W3215138031","https://openalex.org/W3009238340","https://openalex.org/W4360585206","https://openalex.org/W4321369474","https://openalex.org/W4405907242","https://openalex.org/W4285208911","https://openalex.org/W3082895349","https://openalex.org/W4213079790","https://openalex.org/W2248239756"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Network":[0,58],"management":[1],"is":[2,193],"facing":[3],"a":[4,112],"great":[5],"challenge":[6],"to":[7,29,34,49,63,82,93,115,140,196],"analyze":[8],"and":[9,17,32,53,68,73,98,105,120,125,142,149,156,182,198],"identify":[10,122,144],"encrypted":[11,78,117,161],"network":[12,23,30,41,47,51,55,79,89,95,118,127,147,200],"traffic":[13,80,96,119,148,162,167],"with":[14,65],"specific":[15],"applications":[16,31],"protocols.":[18],"A":[19],"significant":[20],"number":[21],"of":[22,39,70,77],"users":[24],"applying":[25],"different":[26,173],"encryption":[27],"techniques":[28,62,139],"services":[33],"hide":[35],"the":[36,40,46,66,71,87,123,134,145,151,165],"true":[37],"nature":[38],"communication.":[42],"These":[43],"challenges":[44],"attract":[45],"community":[48],"improve":[50],"security":[52,84],"enhance":[54],"service":[56],"quality.":[57],"managers":[59],"need":[60],"novel":[61,113],"cope":[64],"failure":[67],"shortcomings":[69],"port-based":[72],"payload-based":[74],"classification":[75],"methods":[76],"due":[81],"emergent":[83],"technologies.":[85],"Mainly,":[86],"famous":[88],"hopping":[90],"mechanisms":[91],"used":[92],"make":[94],"unknown":[97],"anonymous":[99,126,146],"are":[100],"VPN":[101,176,178,197],"(virtual":[102],"private":[103],"network)":[104],"TOR":[106,180,183,199],"(Onion":[107],"Router).":[108],"This":[109],"paper":[110],"presents":[111],"scheme":[114,132],"unveil":[116],"easily":[121,141],"tunneled":[124],"traffic.":[128,201],"The":[129,185],"proposed":[130],"identification":[131,191],"uses":[133],"highly":[135],"desirable":[136],"deep":[137],"learning":[138],"efficiently":[143],"extract":[150],"Voice":[152],"over":[153],"IP":[154],"(VoIP)":[155],"Non":[157],"VoIP":[158],"ones":[159],"within":[160],"flows.":[163],"Finally,":[164],"captured":[166],"has":[168],"been":[169],"classified":[170],"into":[171],"four":[172],"categories,":[174],"i-e.,":[175],"VoIP,":[177,181],"Non-VoIP,":[179],"Non-VoIP.":[184],"experimental":[186],"results":[187],"show":[188],"that":[189],"our":[190],"engine":[192],"extremely":[194],"robust":[195]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-04-13T07:58:08.660418","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
