{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3155589203","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3073502","title":"Hybrid Beamforming With Reduced RF Chain Based on PZF and PD-NOMA in mmWave Massive MIMO Systems","display_name":"Hybrid Beamforming With Reduced RF Chain Based on PZF and PD-NOMA in mmWave Massive MIMO Systems","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3155589203","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3073502","mag":"3155589203"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3073502","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3073502","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9312710/09405600.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9312710/09405600.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061989135","display_name":"Yeong-Rong Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5842-3861"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28777354","display_name":"Sejong University","ror":"https://ror.org/00aft1q37","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28777354"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yeong-Rong Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sejong University, Seoul, South Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sejong University, Seoul, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28777354"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100403284","display_name":"Won\u2010Seok Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5317-6136"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28777354","display_name":"Sejong University","ror":"https://ror.org/00aft1q37","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28777354"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Won-Seok Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sejong University, Seoul, South Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sejong University, Seoul, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28777354"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005939612","display_name":"Ji-Sung Jung","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2684-3095"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28777354","display_name":"Sejong University","ror":"https://ror.org/00aft1q37","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28777354"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ji-Sung Jung","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sejong University, Seoul, South Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sejong University, Seoul, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28777354"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011583889","display_name":"Chan-Yeob Park","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28777354","display_name":"Sejong University","ror":"https://ror.org/00aft1q37","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28777354"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chan-Yeob Park","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sejong University, Seoul, South Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sejong University, Seoul, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28777354"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061492922","display_name":"Young\u2010Hwan You","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5419-917X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28777354","display_name":"Sejong University","ror":"https://ror.org/00aft1q37","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28777354"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Young-Hwan You","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sejong University, Seoul, South Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sejong University, Seoul, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28777354"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032291620","display_name":"Hyoung\u2010Kyu Song","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3274-4982"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28777354","display_name":"Sejong University","ror":"https://ror.org/00aft1q37","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28777354"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hyoung-Kyu Song","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sejong University, Seoul, South Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sejong University, Seoul, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28777354"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5061989135"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28777354"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":0.9143,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.73519361,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":null,"first_page":"60695","last_page":"60703"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10936","display_name":"Millimeter-Wave Propagation and Modeling","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10936","display_name":"Millimeter-Wave Propagation and Modeling","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beamforming","display_name":"Beamforming","score":0.7082626223564148},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spectral-efficiency","display_name":"Spectral efficiency","score":0.6957939863204956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mimo","display_name":"MIMO","score":0.6808622479438782},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6769580841064453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/precoding","display_name":"Precoding","score":0.6068695783615112},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radio-frequency","display_name":"Radio frequency","score":0.5719795227050781},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noma","display_name":"Noma","score":0.5126628279685974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.5072442889213562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/single-antenna-interference-cancellation","display_name":"Single antenna interference cancellation","score":0.4415944814682007},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.42046108841896057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interference","display_name":"Interference (communication)","score":0.4197181165218353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.40312254428863525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.3153950870037079},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications-link","display_name":"Telecommunications link","score":0.18397417664527893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.15308058261871338}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54197355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5782992","display_name":"Beamforming","level":2,"score":0.7082626223564148},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137246740","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q583970","display_name":"Spectral efficiency","level":3,"score":0.6957939863204956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207987634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176862","display_name":"MIMO","level":3,"score":0.6808622479438782},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6769580841064453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160562895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7239557","display_name":"Precoding","level":4,"score":0.6068695783615112},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74064498","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3396184","display_name":"Radio frequency","level":2,"score":0.5719795227050781},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775918612","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q994794","display_name":"Noma","level":3,"score":0.5126628279685974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.5072442889213562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83204339","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7523915","display_name":"Single antenna interference cancellation","level":3,"score":0.4415944814682007},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.42046108841896057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32022120","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q797225","display_name":"Interference (communication)","level":3,"score":0.4197181165218353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.40312254428863525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.3153950870037079},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138660444","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5607897","display_name":"Telecommunications link","level":2,"score":0.18397417664527893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.15308058261871338}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3073502","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3073502","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9312710/09405600.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:84a6a7e103a442eb83fa67d6a7c06a19","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/84a6a7e103a442eb83fa67d6a7c06a19","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 9, Pp 60695-60703 (2021)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3073502","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3073502","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9312710/09405600.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9100000262260437,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1739134435","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"IITP-","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324891","funder_display_name":"Iran Telecommunication Research Center"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G342704958","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"funded","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","funder_display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4808924944","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"IITP-2021-2018-0-01423","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320328359","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Science and ICT, South Korea"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5396177265","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2020R1A6A1A03038540","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","funder_display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G554036074","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2020R1A6A1A03038540","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320328359","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Science and ICT, South Korea"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6072120315","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"funded","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335489","funder_display_name":"Institute for Information and Communications Technology Promotion"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6193723068","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"ITP-2021-2018-0-0142","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335489","funder_display_name":"Institute for Information and Communications Technology Promotion"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7685055460","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Grant","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320328359","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Science and ICT, South Korea"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8054371736","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"IITP-2021-2018-0-01423","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324891","funder_display_name":"Iran Telecommunication Research Center"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320671","display_name":"National Research Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/05s0g1g46"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","ror":"https://ror.org/013aysd81"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324891","display_name":"Iran Telecommunication Research Center","ror":"https://ror.org/01a3g2z22"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320328359","display_name":"Ministry of Science and ICT, South Korea","ror":"https://ror.org/01wpjm123"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335489","display_name":"Institute for Information and Communications Technology Promotion","ror":"https://ror.org/01g0hqq23"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3155589203.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3155589203.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":28,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1432778544","https://openalex.org/W1576690944","https://openalex.org/W1764924767","https://openalex.org/W2006367686","https://openalex.org/W2027711878","https://openalex.org/W2041287972","https://openalex.org/W2045840914","https://openalex.org/W2053521124","https://openalex.org/W2102241149","https://openalex.org/W2117014495","https://openalex.org/W2128513990","https://openalex.org/W2314562768","https://openalex.org/W2490222774","https://openalex.org/W2509733445","https://openalex.org/W2510906680","https://openalex.org/W2774087927","https://openalex.org/W2962785465","https://openalex.org/W2963336322","https://openalex.org/W2963634826","https://openalex.org/W2964169013","https://openalex.org/W2972294354","https://openalex.org/W3008705472","https://openalex.org/W3014837943","https://openalex.org/W3025220697","https://openalex.org/W3048658198","https://openalex.org/W3102217847","https://openalex.org/W3106282754","https://openalex.org/W3135759753"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3039370918","https://openalex.org/W2980162015","https://openalex.org/W4400277783","https://openalex.org/W2769732439","https://openalex.org/W3091696342","https://openalex.org/W2370038111","https://openalex.org/W4297882612","https://openalex.org/W3214327504","https://openalex.org/W4235843916","https://openalex.org/W4387429616"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Hybrid":[0],"beamforming":[1,32],"(HB)":[2],"is":[3,44,66,74,81,184,194,214,224],"a":[4,141],"solution":[5],"for":[6,87,196],"reducing":[7,19],"radio":[8],"frequency":[9],"(RF)":[10],"chains":[11],"in":[12,119,140,199,230],"millimeter-wave":[13],"(mmWave)":[14],"massive":[15,34],"MIMO":[16,35],"systems.":[17],"By":[18],"RF":[20,42,64,143,163,233],"chains,":[21],"HB":[22,51,73],"can":[23,108],"achieve":[24],"energy":[25,48],"efficient":[26],"transmission":[27],"compared":[28,195],"to":[29,55,98,112,157,171],"fully":[30,56],"digital":[31,57,166],"of":[33,41,50,63,72,83,133,137,191,220],"system.":[36],"However,":[37],"if":[38,60],"the":[39,47,61,69,84,88,117,131,158,162,175,217,221,227],"resolution":[40,62],"precoder":[43,65,164,167],"not":[45],"quantized,":[46,68],"consumption":[49],"may":[52],"become":[53],"similar":[54],"beamforming.":[58],"And,":[59],"heavily":[67,231],"spectral":[70,101,138,218],"efficiency":[71,139,219],"decreased":[75],"significantly.":[76],"Non-orthogonal":[77],"multiple":[78],"access":[79],"(NOMA)":[80],"one":[82],"emerging":[85],"technologies":[86],"fifth":[89],"generation":[90],"(5G)":[91],"or":[92],"beyond":[93],"fifth-generation":[94],"(B5G)":[95],"wireless":[96],"communication":[97],"support":[99],"high":[100,151,205],"efficiency.":[102],"Especially,":[103],"power":[104,120,187,193,207],"domain":[105,121],"NOMA":[106,134],"(PD-NOMA)":[107],"share":[109],"same":[110,176],"resources":[111],"transmit":[113],"signals":[114,118],"and":[115,165],"divide":[116],"by":[122,186],"using":[123],"successive":[124],"interference":[125],"cancellation":[126],"(SIC).":[127],"In":[128],"this":[129],"paper,":[130],"adoption":[132],"shows":[135],"increase":[136],"low-resolution":[142],"precoder.":[144,234],"To":[145],"apply":[146],"NOMA,":[147],"two":[148],"users":[149,173,203],"with":[150,204,210],"channel":[152,192,206],"correlation":[153],"are":[154,169,178,208],"selected":[155],"according":[156],"proposed":[159,222],"criterion.":[160],"Then,":[161,202],"that":[168,216],"applied":[170],"both":[172],"at":[174],"time":[177],"determined.":[179],"Finally,":[180],"intra-pair":[181],"user":[182,198],"fairness":[183],"achieved":[185],"allocation.":[188],"The":[189],"ratio":[190],"each":[197,200],"pair.":[201],"assigned":[209],"low":[211],"power.":[212],"It":[213],"shown":[215],"scheme":[223,229],"higher":[225],"than":[226],"conventional":[228],"quantized":[232]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-10T15:06:20.359241","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
