{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3143299112","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3071301","title":"Deep Learning in Medical Ultrasound Image Analysis: A Review","display_name":"Deep Learning in Medical Ultrasound Image Analysis: A Review","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3143299112","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3071301","mag":"3143299112"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3071301","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3071301","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9312710/09395635.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"review","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9312710/09395635.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100445085","display_name":"Yu Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7294-8317"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9224756","display_name":"Northeastern University","ror":"https://ror.org/03awzbc87","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9224756"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yu Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Medicine and Biological Information Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7294-8317","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Medicine and Biological Information Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9224756"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049826795","display_name":"Xinke Ge","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210096841","display_name":"E-Techco Group (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/00rjxfx39","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210096841"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xinke Ge","raw_affiliation_strings":["E-Techco Group, Shenzhen, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"E-Techco Group, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210096841"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069485824","display_name":"He Ma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5054-3586"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9224756","display_name":"Northeastern University","ror":"https://ror.org/03awzbc87","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9224756"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"He Ma","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Medicine and Biological Information Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Medicine and Biological Information Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9224756"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003777802","display_name":"Shouliang Qi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0977-1939"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9224756","display_name":"Northeastern University","ror":"https://ror.org/03awzbc87","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9224756"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shouliang Qi","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Medicine and Biological Information Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0977-1939","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Medicine and Biological Information Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9224756"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056849621","display_name":"Guanjing Zhang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210096841","display_name":"E-Techco Group (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/00rjxfx39","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210096841"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guanjing Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["E-Techco Group, Shenzhen, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"E-Techco Group, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210096841"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021827481","display_name":"Yudong Yao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3868-0593"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I108468826","display_name":"Stevens Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02z43xh36","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I108468826"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yudong Yao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, NJ, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3868-0593","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, NJ, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I108468826"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100445085"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9224756"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":10.181,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":129,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98775721,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":null,"first_page":"54310","last_page":"54324"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12422","display_name":"Radiomics and Machine Learning in Medical Imaging","score":0.9955999851226807,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12422","display_name":"Radiomics and Machine Learning in Medical Imaging","score":0.9955999851226807,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10862","display_name":"AI in cancer detection","score":0.9948999881744385,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12386","display_name":"Advanced X-ray and CT Imaging","score":0.9929999709129333,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.828775942325592},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.779922366142273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.7324742674827576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/preprocessor","display_name":"Preprocessor","score":0.6794383525848389},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medical-imaging","display_name":"Medical imaging","score":0.6512123346328735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modalities","display_name":"Modalities","score":0.5282553434371948},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cad","display_name":"CAD","score":0.5171955823898315},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medical-ultrasound","display_name":"Medical ultrasound","score":0.5079372525215149},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.4670509397983551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medical-diagnosis","display_name":"Medical diagnosis","score":0.4367510676383972},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise-reduction","display_name":"Noise reduction","score":0.43260687589645386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise","display_name":"Noise (video)","score":0.4179916977882385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.4148101806640625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.39549803733825684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ultrasound","display_name":"Ultrasound","score":0.20203053951263428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radiology","display_name":"Radiology","score":0.11489337682723999},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.11129409074783325}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.828775942325592},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.779922366142273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7324742674827576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34736171","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q918333","display_name":"Preprocessor","level":2,"score":0.6794383525848389},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31601959","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q931309","display_name":"Medical imaging","level":2,"score":0.6512123346328735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779903281","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6888026","display_name":"Modalities","level":2,"score":0.5282553434371948},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194789388","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17855283","display_name":"CAD","level":2,"score":0.5171955823898315},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2992165143","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q234904","display_name":"Medical ultrasound","level":3,"score":0.5079372525215149},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.4670509397983551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C534262118","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177719","display_name":"Medical diagnosis","level":2,"score":0.4367510676383972},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163294075","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q581861","display_name":"Noise reduction","level":2,"score":0.43260687589645386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.4179916977882385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4148101806640625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.39549803733825684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143753070","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162564","display_name":"Ultrasound","level":2,"score":0.20203053951263428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126838900","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77604","display_name":"Radiology","level":1,"score":0.11489337682723999},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.11129409074783325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199639397","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1788588","display_name":"Engineering drawing","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3071301","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3071301","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9312710/09395635.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:46f6003922204f5cabe2f70ace318de2","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/46f6003922204f5cabe2f70ace318de2","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 9, Pp 54310-54324 (2021)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3071301","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3071301","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9312710/09395635.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3143299112.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3143299112.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":124,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W133203765","https://openalex.org/W189596042","https://openalex.org/W1686810756","https://openalex.org/W1901129140","https://openalex.org/W1903029394","https://openalex.org/W1976134597","https://openalex.org/W1976468890","https://openalex.org/W2001412060","https://openalex.org/W2006269342","https://openalex.org/W2017399967","https://openalex.org/W2025768430","https://openalex.org/W2027685755","https://openalex.org/W2053934116","https://openalex.org/W2061715187","https://openalex.org/W2064675550","https://openalex.org/W2084415465","https://openalex.org/W2084746581","https://openalex.org/W2097117768","https://openalex.org/W2099471712","https://openalex.org/W2102605133","https://openalex.org/W2136396015","https://openalex.org/W2136655611","https://openalex.org/W2137901785","https://openalex.org/W2146052399","https://openalex.org/W2147800946","https://openalex.org/W2149857113","https://openalex.org/W2150134853","https://openalex.org/W2150341604","https://openalex.org/W2163605009","https://openalex.org/W2166206801","https://openalex.org/W2168588576","https://openalex.org/W2169624977","https://openalex.org/W2193145675","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2288062769","https://openalex.org/W2292862470","https://openalex.org/W2294318823","https://openalex.org/W2316947163","https://openalex.org/W2327084999","https://openalex.org/W2341106171","https://openalex.org/W2351522968","https://openalex.org/W2395789799","https://openalex.org/W2397249253","https://openalex.org/W2473108490","https://openalex.org/W2509685700","https://openalex.org/W2509915520","https://openalex.org/W2510834677","https://openalex.org/W2520016695","https://openalex.org/W2523517564","https://openalex.org/W2546974404","https://openalex.org/W2570420153","https://openalex.org/W2572697783","https://openalex.org/W2574651848","https://openalex.org/W2583914614","https://openalex.org/W2593232761","https://openalex.org/W2600174524","https://openalex.org/W2625559849","https://openalex.org/W2626312329","https://openalex.org/W2700917049","https://openalex.org/W2708499541","https://openalex.org/W2735666957","https://openalex.org/W2740028789","https://openalex.org/W2744692634","https://openalex.org/W2750630800","https://openalex.org/W2750792525","https://openalex.org/W2753605315","https://openalex.org/W2764254085","https://openalex.org/W2770338529","https://openalex.org/W2771771284","https://openalex.org/W2772603135","https://openalex.org/W2782938286","https://openalex.org/W2788633781","https://openalex.org/W2790012920","https://openalex.org/W2800807461","https://openalex.org/W2804525729","https://openalex.org/W2806788401","https://openalex.org/W2807190811","https://openalex.org/W2808280970","https://openalex.org/W2885478230","https://openalex.org/W2885749203","https://openalex.org/W2888068144","https://openalex.org/W2888303187","https://openalex.org/W2890049624","https://openalex.org/W2892531758","https://openalex.org/W2892942467","https://openalex.org/W2893220000","https://openalex.org/W2900594567","https://openalex.org/W2913559493","https://openalex.org/W2936120730","https://openalex.org/W2942105358","https://openalex.org/W2946630914","https://openalex.org/W2949423562","https://openalex.org/W2955805697","https://openalex.org/W2959828872","https://openalex.org/W2963037989","https://openalex.org/W2963093980","https://openalex.org/W2963372435","https://openalex.org/W2963470893","https://openalex.org/W2963830389","https://openalex.org/W2971649496","https://openalex.org/W2980254319","https://openalex.org/W2991372685","https://openalex.org/W3002592716","https://openalex.org/W3011612142","https://openalex.org/W3026420023","https://openalex.org/W3035579754","https://openalex.org/W3092530991","https://openalex.org/W3095102709","https://openalex.org/W3098234188","https://openalex.org/W3106027361","https://openalex.org/W3106250896","https://openalex.org/W4205947740","https://openalex.org/W4250995421","https://openalex.org/W4320013936","https://openalex.org/W6607775107","https://openalex.org/W6637373629","https://openalex.org/W6657413401","https://openalex.org/W6684191040","https://openalex.org/W6725495266","https://openalex.org/W6731653878","https://openalex.org/W6733344817","https://openalex.org/W6744366274","https://openalex.org/W6754885506","https://openalex.org/W6777835625"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2334610590","https://openalex.org/W2320366403","https://openalex.org/W3204197061","https://openalex.org/W4251350712","https://openalex.org/W2110320844","https://openalex.org/W2045772213","https://openalex.org/W2122671082","https://openalex.org/W2368833270","https://openalex.org/W4360994352","https://openalex.org/W4362605764"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Ultrasound":[0],"(US)":[1],"is":[2],"one":[3],"of":[4,18,35,46,54,65,95,144,159],"the":[5,16,32,44,52,61,93,126,140,157],"most":[6],"widely":[7],"used":[8,131],"imaging":[9,165],"modalities":[10],"in":[11,85,132,162],"medical":[12,96,133,145,163],"diagnosis.":[13],"It":[14],"has":[15,31,81,102],"advantages":[17],"real-time,":[19],"low":[20],"cost,":[21],"noninvasive":[22],"nature,":[23],"and":[24,38,40,57,63,110,112,152,173],"easy":[25],"to":[26,50,117],"operate.":[27],"However,":[28],"it":[29,116],"also":[30,103],"unique":[33,90],"disadvantages":[34],"strong":[36],"artifacts":[37],"noise":[39],"high":[41],"dependence":[42],"on":[43],"experience":[45],"doctors.":[47],"In":[48,76,92,120],"order":[49],"overcome":[51],"shortcomings":[53],"ultrasound":[55],"diagnosis":[56,70],"help":[58],"doctor":[59],"improve":[60],"accuracy":[62],"efficiency":[64],"diagnosis,":[66],"many":[67],"computer":[68,86],"aided":[69],"(CAD)":[71],"systems":[72],"have":[73],"been":[74,104],"developed.":[75],"recent":[77],"years,":[78],"deep":[79,100,127,160],"learning":[80,101,128,161],"achieved":[82],"great":[83,108],"success":[84],"vision":[87],"with":[88],"its":[89,107],"advantages.":[91],"aspect":[94],"US":[97,134,146,164],"image":[98,135,169,174],"analysis,":[99],"exploited":[105],"for":[106],"potential":[109],"more":[111,113],"researchers":[114],"apply":[115],"CAD":[118],"systems.":[119],"this":[121],"paper,":[122],"we":[123,138,155],"first":[124],"introduce":[125],"models":[129],"commonly":[130],"analysis;":[136],"Second,":[137],"review":[139],"data":[141,149],"preprocessing":[142],"methods":[143],"images,":[147],"including":[148],"augmentation,":[150],"denoising,":[151],"enhancement;":[153],"Finally,":[154],"analyze":[156],"applications":[158],"tasks":[166],"(such":[167],"as":[168],"classification,":[170],"object":[171],"detection,":[172],"reconstruction).":[175]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":48},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":33},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":29},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-06T08:25:59.206177","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}