{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3151842630","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3069281","title":"Simulation of Optimized High-Current Tandem Solar-Cells With Efficiency Beyond 41%","display_name":"Simulation of Optimized High-Current Tandem Solar-Cells With Efficiency Beyond 41%","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3151842630","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3069281","mag":"3151842630"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3069281","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3069281","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9312710/09388655.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9312710/09388655.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108148033","display_name":"Mohamed Mousa","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6912-1084"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I186217134","display_name":"Future University in Egypt","ror":"https://ror.org/03s8c2x09","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I186217134"]}],"countries":["EG"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Mohamed Mousa","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical Engineering Department, Future University in Egypt, Cairo, Egypt"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7290-7726","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical Engineering Department, Future University in Egypt, Cairo, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I186217134"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034086970","display_name":"Fathy Z. Amer","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I84058292","display_name":"Helwan University","ror":"https://ror.org/00h55v928","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I84058292"]}],"countries":["EG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fathy Z. Amer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronics and Communications Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics and Communications Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I84058292"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057456337","display_name":"Roaa I. Mubarak","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7246-9997"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I84058292","display_name":"Helwan University","ror":"https://ror.org/00h55v928","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I84058292"]}],"countries":["EG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Roaa I. Mubarak","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronics and Communications Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics and Communications Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I84058292"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075998497","display_name":"Ahmed Saeed","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1326-6791"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I186217134","display_name":"Future University in Egypt","ror":"https://ror.org/03s8c2x09","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I186217134"]}],"countries":["EG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ahmed Saeed","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical Engineering Department, Future University in Egypt, Cairo, Egypt"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1326-6791","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical Engineering Department, Future University in Egypt, Cairo, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I186217134"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5108148033"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I186217134"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":3.9652,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":75,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94248959,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":null,"first_page":"49724","last_page":"49737"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10590","display_name":"Chalcogenide Semiconductor Thin Films","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10590","display_name":"Chalcogenide Semiconductor Thin Films","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12309","display_name":"solar cell performance optimization","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10624","display_name":"Silicon and Solar Cell Technologies","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tandem","display_name":"Tandem","score":0.8399753570556641},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/perovskite","display_name":"Perovskite (structure)","score":0.676588773727417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.43679285049438477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optoelectronics","display_name":"Optoelectronics","score":0.35760411620140076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/topology","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","score":0.3501220941543579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.3408561944961548},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chemistry","display_name":"Chemistry","score":0.23510292172431946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/crystallography","display_name":"Crystallography","score":0.17682340741157532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.12491151690483093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/combinatorics","display_name":"Combinatorics","score":0.08808726072311401}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777814067","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1752317","display_name":"Tandem","level":2,"score":0.8399753570556641},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155011858","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3036449","display_name":"Perovskite (structure)","level":2,"score":0.676588773727417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.43679285049438477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.35760411620140076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184720557","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7825049","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","level":2,"score":0.3501220941543579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3408561944961548},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.23510292172431946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8010536","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160398","display_name":"Crystallography","level":1,"score":0.17682340741157532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.12491151690483093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.08808726072311401},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3069281","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3069281","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9312710/09388655.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:65d6ae76c8a049aaa148b3351e60c1c6","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/65d6ae76c8a049aaa148b3351e60c1c6","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 9, Pp 49724-49737 (2021)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3069281","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3069281","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9312710/09388655.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.8799999952316284,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3151842630.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3151842630.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":46,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1583894569","https://openalex.org/W1970218202","https://openalex.org/W1983394435","https://openalex.org/W1992380090","https://openalex.org/W1997675126","https://openalex.org/W2050466914","https://openalex.org/W2052995807","https://openalex.org/W2075181628","https://openalex.org/W2081491853","https://openalex.org/W2129970907","https://openalex.org/W2160785667","https://openalex.org/W2183450991","https://openalex.org/W2186565496","https://openalex.org/W2196340795","https://openalex.org/W2238266363","https://openalex.org/W2314462761","https://openalex.org/W2314654204","https://openalex.org/W2557944029","https://openalex.org/W2558635749","https://openalex.org/W2580772213","https://openalex.org/W2588813628","https://openalex.org/W2603789271","https://openalex.org/W2607277176","https://openalex.org/W2670218812","https://openalex.org/W2746984947","https://openalex.org/W2758661927","https://openalex.org/W2764173049","https://openalex.org/W2764192968","https://openalex.org/W2777113058","https://openalex.org/W2787541251","https://openalex.org/W2793536728","https://openalex.org/W2795224443","https://openalex.org/W2804427261","https://openalex.org/W2805341314","https://openalex.org/W2888048443","https://openalex.org/W2893005620","https://openalex.org/W2896515483","https://openalex.org/W2898187569","https://openalex.org/W2898568184","https://openalex.org/W2907945045","https://openalex.org/W2945689178","https://openalex.org/W3000215414","https://openalex.org/W3009402501","https://openalex.org/W3016396706","https://openalex.org/W3040871855","https://openalex.org/W3096408538"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2023186083","https://openalex.org/W4323262585","https://openalex.org/W4246450666","https://openalex.org/W2898370298","https://openalex.org/W4388998267","https://openalex.org/W2220594910","https://openalex.org/W3098916544","https://openalex.org/W4318969794","https://openalex.org/W4367189261","https://openalex.org/W2615095658"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Two-terminalt":[0],"and":[1,49,101,131,230,265],"tandem":[2,24,65,116,235,260],"solar-cells":[3,261],"have":[4,142,249,262],"a":[5,50,79,84,89,98,107,170],"high":[6,99],"efficiency":[7,155,175,180],"of":[8,12,93,113,156,161,173,181,218,232],"power":[9],"conversion.":[10],"One":[11],"their":[13],"main":[14],"limitations":[15],"is":[16,26,86,183,211],"the":[17,22,34,45,53,60,64,73,103,159,162,174,187,215,219,233,246,258,270],"operating":[18],"current":[19,48,62,100],"density":[20],"as":[21],"two-terminal":[23],"solar-cell":[25],"equivalent":[27],"to":[28,41,67,169,176,213,222,269],"electrically":[29],"connected":[30],"series":[31],"subcells.":[32],"Increasing":[33],"top":[35,46,104,194,220],"absorber":[36,109],"layer\u2019s":[37],"thickness":[38,217],"will":[39],"lead":[40],"an":[42,154],"increase":[43],"in":[44,52,252],"subcell":[47,58,91,105,165,195,221],"decrease":[51],"bottom":[54,90,164],"subcell\u2019s":[55],"current.":[56],"The":[57,145,227,242,254],"with":[59,118,196],"minimum":[61],"forces":[63],"cell":[66],"operate":[68],"at":[69,106],"its":[70],"value,":[71],"limiting":[72],"overall":[74],"performance.":[75],"In":[76],"this":[77],"paper,":[78],"proposed":[80,146,212,247,259],"solution":[81],"for":[82],"such":[83],"problem":[85],"introduced":[87],"using":[88,240],"consisting":[92],"germanium-telluride":[94],"(GeTe),":[95],"which":[96],"gives":[97],"matches":[102],"thicker":[108],"layer.":[110],"A":[111,207],"proposal":[112],"three":[114],"different":[115],"cells":[117,236,248],"perovskite":[119,125,132,147,188,197],"(MAPbI":[120,126,133,148,189,198],"<sub":[121,127,134,138,149,190,199,203],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[122,128,135,139,150,191,200,204],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">3</sub>":[123,129,151,192],")/CIGS,":[124],")/GeTe,":[130],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">3-x</sub>":[136,201],"Cl":[137,202],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">x</sub>":[140,205],")/GeTe":[141],"been":[143,250],"presented.":[144],")/CIGS":[152],"has":[153],"30.52%,":[157],"whereas":[158],"replacement":[160],"CIGS":[163],"by":[166,185],"GeTe":[167],"led":[168],"significant":[171],"enhancement":[172],"reach":[177],"35.9%.":[178],"High":[179],"41.7%":[182],"obtained":[184],"replacing":[186],")":[193],").":[206],"modified":[208],"numerical":[209],"algorithm":[210],"obtain":[214],"optimum":[216],"achieve":[223],"higher":[224,266],"power-conversion":[225],"efficiency.":[226],"performance":[228,264],"evaluation":[229],"simulation":[231],"designed":[234],"were":[237],"carried":[238],"out":[239],"SCAPS-1D.":[241],"temperature":[243],"effects":[244],"on":[245],"encountered":[251],"simulation.":[253],"results":[255],"show":[256],"that":[257],"comparable":[263],"efficiencies":[267],"relative":[268],"published":[271],"works.":[272]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T09:19:25.381259","created_date":"2021-04-13T00:00:00"}