{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3150112254","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3069008","title":"An Authenticatable (2, 3) Secret Sharing Scheme Using Meaningful Share Images Based on Hybrid Fractal Matrix","display_name":"An Authenticatable (2, 3) Secret Sharing Scheme Using Meaningful Share Images Based on Hybrid Fractal Matrix","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3150112254","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3069008","mag":"3150112254"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3069008","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3069008","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9312710/09387303.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9312710/09387303.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091387403","display_name":"Kai Gao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7505-9037"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4880106","display_name":"Feng Chia University","ror":"https://ror.org/05vhczg54","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4880106"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kai Gao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Engineering and Computer Science, Feng Chia University, Taichung, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7505-9037","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Engineering and Computer Science, Feng Chia University, Taichung, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4880106"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041867293","display_name":"Ji-Hwei Horng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2134-5257"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16590763","display_name":"National Quemoy University","ror":"https://ror.org/0370v7d46","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16590763"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ji-Hwei Horng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic Engineering, National Quemoy University, Kinmen, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2134-5257","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Engineering, National Quemoy University, Kinmen, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16590763"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038550838","display_name":"Chin\u2010Chen Chang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7319-5780"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4880106","display_name":"Feng Chia University","ror":"https://ror.org/05vhczg54","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4880106"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chin-Chen Chang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Engineering and Computer Science, Feng Chia University, Taichung, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7319-5780","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Engineering and Computer Science, Feng Chia University, Taichung, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4880106"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":1.5075,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":20,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.8433977,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":null,"first_page":"50112","last_page":"50125"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10388","display_name":"Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10388","display_name":"Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11017","display_name":"Chaos-based Image/Signal Encryption","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12357","display_name":"Digital Media Forensic Detection","score":0.9919000267982483,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/secret-sharing","display_name":"Secret sharing","score":0.8818258047103882},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7526469230651855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-sharing","display_name":"Image sharing","score":0.6364925503730774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/authentication","display_name":"Authentication (law)","score":0.6186348795890808},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scheme","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","score":0.6184917688369751},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/verifiable-secret-sharing","display_name":"Verifiable secret sharing","score":0.5947149395942688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cover","display_name":"Cover (algebra)","score":0.5808682441711426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/shamirs-secret-sharing","display_name":"Shamir's Secret Sharing","score":0.5434097051620483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/homomorphic-secret-sharing","display_name":"Homomorphic secret sharing","score":0.5362476706504822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/secure-multi-party-computation","display_name":"Secure multi-party computation","score":0.5061313509941101},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/matrix","display_name":"Matrix (chemical analysis)","score":0.4956156015396118},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fractal","display_name":"Fractal","score":0.4886622726917267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.475894570350647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.45524945855140686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.4260331094264984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.3594752550125122},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptography","display_name":"Cryptography","score":0.3500279188156128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.30403804779052734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.243645578622818},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.18515151739120483}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3087436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1386603","display_name":"Secret sharing","level":3,"score":0.8818258047103882},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7526469230651855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780639701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q354869","display_name":"Image sharing","level":3,"score":0.6364925503730774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148417208","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4825882","display_name":"Authentication (law)","level":2,"score":0.6186348795890808},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77618280","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1155772","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.6184917688369751},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C85847156","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q59015987","display_name":"Verifiable secret sharing","level":3,"score":0.5947149395942688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780428219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16952335","display_name":"Cover (algebra)","level":2,"score":0.5808682441711426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131755552","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q935125","display_name":"Shamir's Secret Sharing","level":5,"score":0.5434097051620483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132161212","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891458","display_name":"Homomorphic secret sharing","level":4,"score":0.5362476706504822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18396474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2465888","display_name":"Secure multi-party computation","level":3,"score":0.5061313509941101},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106487976","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q685816","display_name":"Matrix (chemical analysis)","level":2,"score":0.4956156015396118},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40636538","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q81392","display_name":"Fractal","level":2,"score":0.4886622726917267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.475894570350647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.45524945855140686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4260331094264984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.3594752550125122},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178489894","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8789","display_name":"Cryptography","level":2,"score":0.3500279188156128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.30403804779052734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.243645578622818},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.18515151739120483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3069008","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3069008","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9312710/09387303.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:df1eaed69814459c9877719798c020fd","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/df1eaed69814459c9877719798c020fd","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 9, Pp 50112-50125 (2021)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3069008","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3069008","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9312710/09387303.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3150112254.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3150112254.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":38,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W192265493","https://openalex.org/W2015650256","https://openalex.org/W2045772684","https://openalex.org/W2082978919","https://openalex.org/W2095612451","https://openalex.org/W2121393355","https://openalex.org/W2122942551","https://openalex.org/W2141420453","https://openalex.org/W2158807150","https://openalex.org/W2159390040","https://openalex.org/W2329994430","https://openalex.org/W2400309217","https://openalex.org/W2509384312","https://openalex.org/W2513870710","https://openalex.org/W2790448960","https://openalex.org/W2790928171","https://openalex.org/W2891407813","https://openalex.org/W2901437339","https://openalex.org/W2913419753","https://openalex.org/W2921154501","https://openalex.org/W2924553066","https://openalex.org/W2930064221","https://openalex.org/W2966474122","https://openalex.org/W2970097841","https://openalex.org/W2970496879","https://openalex.org/W2975222708","https://openalex.org/W2996040531","https://openalex.org/W3011274823","https://openalex.org/W3011659290","https://openalex.org/W3023444518","https://openalex.org/W3038706812","https://openalex.org/W3040536050","https://openalex.org/W3043309633","https://openalex.org/W3088216202","https://openalex.org/W3094904360","https://openalex.org/W6607780541","https://openalex.org/W6712785368","https://openalex.org/W6758417790"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2350486768","https://openalex.org/W2164344703","https://openalex.org/W2032053269","https://openalex.org/W2026753506","https://openalex.org/W2573229646","https://openalex.org/W2168248827","https://openalex.org/W2058322292","https://openalex.org/W2162724102","https://openalex.org/W2985786707","https://openalex.org/W3085731999"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Secret":[0],"image":[1],"sharing":[2,31],"(SIS)":[3],"scheme":[4,57,118],"is":[5],"an":[6],"important":[7],"technology":[8],"to":[9,96,108,136],"protect":[10],"secret":[11,16,29,43,71,100],"information.":[12],"It":[13],"distributes":[14],"the":[15,23,27,42,66,70,90,98],"data":[17,44,72],"into":[18,76],"multiple":[19],"shares":[20,78,93,124],"so":[21],"that":[22,115],"participants":[24],"can":[25,45,73,94,119],"obtain":[26],"embedded":[28],"by":[30],"their":[32,83],"authenticated":[33],"shares.":[34],"Through":[35,63],"a":[36,53,60],"simple":[37],"process":[38],"of":[39,65,89,125],"these":[40],"shares,":[41],"be":[46,74],"extracted.":[47],"In":[48],"this":[49],"paper,":[50],"we":[51,103],"propose":[52],"(2,":[54],"3)":[55],"SIS":[56],"based":[58],"on":[59],"fractal":[61,68],"matrix.":[62],"guidance":[64],"proposed":[67,117],"matrix,":[69],"distributed":[75],"three":[77,91],"which":[79],"are":[80,131],"indistinguishable":[81],"from":[82,110],"corresponding":[84],"cover":[85],"images.":[86],"Any":[87],"two":[88,105],"distinct":[92],"cooperate":[95],"extract":[97],"exact":[99],"data.":[101],"Moreover,":[102],"devise":[104],"authentication":[106],"mechanisms":[107],"prevent":[109],"tampering.":[111],"Experimental":[112],"results":[113],"show":[114],"our":[116],"provide":[120],"efficient":[121],"payloads":[122],"with":[123],"good":[126],"visual":[127],"quality.":[128],"The":[129],"authentications":[130],"also":[132],"effective":[133],"and":[134],"easy":[135],"implement.":[137]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}