{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3149420955","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3068747","title":"Extended State Observer-Based IMC-PID Tracking Control of PMLSM Servo Systems","display_name":"Extended State Observer-Based IMC-PID Tracking Control of PMLSM Servo Systems","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3149420955","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3068747","mag":"3149420955"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3068747","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3068747","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9312710/09386087.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9312710/09386087.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Yachao Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7066-1339"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139024713","display_name":"Guangdong University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04azbjn80","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139024713"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yachao Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Precision Electronic Manufacturing Technology and Equipment, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7066-1339","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Precision Electronic Manufacturing Technology and Equipment, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139024713"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028795816","display_name":"Jian Gao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5625-7751"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139024713","display_name":"Guangdong University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04azbjn80","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139024713"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jian Gao","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Precision Electronic Manufacturing Technology and Equipment, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5625-7751","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Precision Electronic Manufacturing Technology and Equipment, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139024713"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113914926","display_name":"Yongbin Zhong","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139024713","display_name":"Guangdong University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04azbjn80","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139024713"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yongbin Zhong","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Precision Electronic Manufacturing Technology and Equipment, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Precision Electronic Manufacturing Technology and Equipment, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139024713"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002767188","display_name":"Lanyu Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6439-2619"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139024713","display_name":"Guangdong University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04azbjn80","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139024713"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lanyu Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Precision Electronic Manufacturing Technology and Equipment, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6439-2619","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Precision Electronic Manufacturing Technology and Equipment, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139024713"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139024713"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":3.8888,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":30,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93747406,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":null,"first_page":"49036","last_page":"49046"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11081","display_name":"Advanced Control Systems Design","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11081","display_name":"Advanced Control Systems Design","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11749","display_name":"Iterative Learning Control Systems","score":0.998199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10791","display_name":"Advanced Control Systems Optimization","score":0.9955999851226807,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-theory","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","score":0.8208007216453552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pid-controller","display_name":"PID controller","score":0.6715782880783081},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/state-observer","display_name":"State observer","score":0.5339421629905701},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-engineering","display_name":"Control engineering","score":0.5170429348945618},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5157306790351868},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/observer","display_name":"Observer (physics)","score":0.507075309753418},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-system","display_name":"Control system","score":0.5031804442405701},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/servomechanism","display_name":"Servomechanism","score":0.4778251647949219},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tracking","display_name":"Tracking (education)","score":0.4656297564506531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/servomotor","display_name":"Servomotor","score":0.42536211013793945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/servo","display_name":"Servo","score":0.4223533868789673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control","display_name":"Control (management)","score":0.36591237783432007},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.19896534085273743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/temperature-control","display_name":"Temperature control","score":0.16445589065551758},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.13998153805732727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.10368120670318604}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.8208007216453552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47116090","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q716829","display_name":"PID controller","level":3,"score":0.6715782880783081},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3031470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q818544","display_name":"State observer","level":3,"score":0.5339421629905701},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133731056","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4917288","display_name":"Control engineering","level":1,"score":0.5170429348945618},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5157306790351868},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780704645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9251458","display_name":"Observer (physics)","level":2,"score":0.507075309753418},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17500928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q959968","display_name":"Control system","level":2,"score":0.5031804442405701},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49503481","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q640815","display_name":"Servomechanism","level":2,"score":0.4778251647949219},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775936607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466845","display_name":"Tracking (education)","level":2,"score":0.4656297564506531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109441226","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1137255","display_name":"Servomotor","level":2,"score":0.42536211013793945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107354338","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1937153","display_name":"Servo","level":2,"score":0.4223533868789673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.36591237783432007},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.19896534085273743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C536315585","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7698332","display_name":"Temperature control","level":2,"score":0.16445589065551758},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.13998153805732727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.10368120670318604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158622935","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q660848","display_name":"Nonlinear system","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19417346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7922","display_name":"Pedagogy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3068747","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3068747","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9312710/09386087.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:e2d57ee17ff5492bae9b3f33a5c7b885","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/e2d57ee17ff5492bae9b3f33a5c7b885","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 9, Pp 49036-49046 (2021)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3068747","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3068747","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9312710/09386087.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7200000286102295,"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2304302389","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U20A6004","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3760313029","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"52075106","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3149420955.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3149420955.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":43,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1523975222","https://openalex.org/W1654286315","https://openalex.org/W1965585748","https://openalex.org/W1989129674","https://openalex.org/W2007767335","https://openalex.org/W2011584205","https://openalex.org/W2026787342","https://openalex.org/W2045577417","https://openalex.org/W2061872918","https://openalex.org/W2097696157","https://openalex.org/W2113433055","https://openalex.org/W2135493101","https://openalex.org/W2224455356","https://openalex.org/W2346079056","https://openalex.org/W2367930418","https://openalex.org/W2493823224","https://openalex.org/W2517417034","https://openalex.org/W2560060370","https://openalex.org/W2576307495","https://openalex.org/W2618139077","https://openalex.org/W2626754425","https://openalex.org/W2783805091","https://openalex.org/W2792303469","https://openalex.org/W2889156721","https://openalex.org/W2900586958","https://openalex.org/W2943864366","https://openalex.org/W2953150647","https://openalex.org/W2954791938","https://openalex.org/W2956209475","https://openalex.org/W2964024732","https://openalex.org/W2964180654","https://openalex.org/W2984407067","https://openalex.org/W2998018987","https://openalex.org/W2998263492","https://openalex.org/W3002331581","https://openalex.org/W3004132524","https://openalex.org/W3018182075","https://openalex.org/W3030561643","https://openalex.org/W3037054888","https://openalex.org/W3087677419","https://openalex.org/W3094478105","https://openalex.org/W3144998809","https://openalex.org/W6674942416"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2080331776","https://openalex.org/W2045478930","https://openalex.org/W2115261773","https://openalex.org/W2021648837","https://openalex.org/W161603712","https://openalex.org/W2320805319","https://openalex.org/W1984747759","https://openalex.org/W4252349560","https://openalex.org/W1490629594","https://openalex.org/W2744582151"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Servo":[0],"systems":[1],"driven":[2],"by":[3,14],"a":[4,65,138],"permanent":[5],"magnet":[6],"linear":[7,67,96],"synchronous":[8],"motor":[9],"(PMLSM)":[10],"are":[11,89,123],"often":[12],"affected":[13],"uncertain":[15],"disturbances,":[16,24],"such":[17],"as":[18,74],"magnetic":[19],"resistance,":[20],"friction,":[21],"and":[22,29,49,116,160,165,185],"external":[23],"which":[25,71],"increase":[26],"tracking":[27,47,161,178],"errors":[28],"reduce":[30],"motion":[31],"accuracy.":[32],"Traditional":[33],"control":[34,42,60,128],"methods":[35],"may":[36],"have":[37],"difficulty":[38],"to":[39,107,153],"achieve":[40],"satisfactory":[41,155],"performance":[43,156],"in":[44,125],"terms":[45],"of":[46,84,180],"accuracy":[48,111,179],"disturbance":[50,158],"rejection.":[51],"In":[52],"this":[53,78],"paper,":[54],"we":[55],"propose":[56],"an":[57],"internal":[58],"model":[59,66,82,95,134],"PID":[61],"method":[62,172],"based":[63],"on":[64,143,157],"extended":[68,97],"state":[69,98],"observer,":[70],"is":[72,105,135,151],"termed":[73],"IMC-PID-MLESO":[75,171],"method.":[76],"With":[77],"method,":[79],"the":[80,85,109,113,121,126,130,144,147,170,176,181,188],"nominal":[81,140,145],"parameters":[83],"PMLSM":[86,131,182],"servo":[87,132,183],"system":[88,92,114,133,184,189],"obtained":[90],"via":[91],"identification.":[93],"The":[94],"observer":[99],"(MLESO),":[100],"with":[101],"known":[102,139],"parameter":[103],"information,":[104],"designed":[106,152],"improve":[108,175],"estimation":[110],"for":[112],"states":[115],"total":[117],"unknown":[118],"uncertainties.":[119],"As":[120],"uncertainties":[122],"compensated":[124],"feedback":[127,149],"law,":[129],"transformed":[136],"into":[137],"model.":[141],"Based":[142],"model,":[146],"IMC-PID":[148],"controller":[150],"ensure":[154],"rejection":[159],"error":[162],"reduction.":[163],"Simulation":[164],"experimental":[166],"results":[167],"show":[168],"that":[169],"can":[173],"effectively":[174],"position":[177],"rapidly":[186],"suppress":[187],"disturbance.":[190]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-06-26T08:34:08.712188","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
