{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3151681360","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3068728","title":"Metaknowledge Extraction Based on Multi-Modal Documents","display_name":"Metaknowledge Extraction Based on Multi-Modal Documents","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3151681360","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3068728","mag":"3151681360"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3068728","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3068728","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9312710/09386086.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9312710/09386086.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019209237","display_name":"Shukan Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7087-1069"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800710378","display_name":"Naval University of Engineering","ror":"https://ror.org/056vyez31","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800710378"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76569877","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ct4d772","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shu-Kan Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China","School of Electronic Engineering, PLA Naval University of Engineering, Wuhan, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7087-1069","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic Engineering, PLA Naval University of Engineering, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800710378"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086590941","display_name":"Ruilin Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7468-8635"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800710378","display_name":"Naval University of Engineering","ror":"https://ror.org/056vyez31","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800710378"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rui-Lin Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic Engineering, PLA Naval University of Engineering, Wuhan, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7468-8635","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic Engineering, PLA Naval University of Engineering, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800710378"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113941026","display_name":"Bo-Ying Geng","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800710378","display_name":"Naval University of Engineering","ror":"https://ror.org/056vyez31","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800710378"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bo-Ying Geng","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic Engineering, PLA Naval University of Engineering, Wuhan, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic Engineering, PLA Naval University of Engineering, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800710378"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046973419","display_name":"Qiao Sun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4206-1592"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168879160","display_name":"Zhejiang University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05mx0wr29","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168879160"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800710378","display_name":"Naval University of Engineering","ror":"https://ror.org/056vyez31","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800710378"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qiao Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Science and Technology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China","School of Electronic Engineering, PLA Naval University of Engineering, Wuhan, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science and Technology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168879160"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic Engineering, PLA Naval University of Engineering, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800710378"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112856583","display_name":"Li Duan","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800710378","display_name":"Naval University of Engineering","ror":"https://ror.org/056vyez31","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800710378"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Li Duan","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic Engineering, PLA Naval University of Engineering, Wuhan, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic Engineering, PLA Naval University of Engineering, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800710378"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100449906","display_name":"Yiming Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0387-6329"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800710378","display_name":"Naval University of Engineering","ror":"https://ror.org/056vyez31","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800710378"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yi-Ming Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic Engineering, PLA Naval University of Engineering, Wuhan, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic Engineering, PLA Naval University of Engineering, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800710378"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":0.5459,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.71133884,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":null,"first_page":"50050","last_page":"50060"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11063","display_name":"Rough Sets and Fuzzy Logic","score":0.9958999752998352,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.994700014591217,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8028781414031982},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/document-structure-description","display_name":"Document Structure Description","score":0.7133311629295349},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-retrieval","display_name":"Information retrieval","score":0.6839179396629333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hierarchy","display_name":"Hierarchy","score":0.5647950172424316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modal","display_name":"Modal","score":0.5457155704498291},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/knowledge-extraction","display_name":"Knowledge extraction","score":0.5073439478874207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tree","display_name":"Tree (set theory)","score":0.5029718279838562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tree-structure","display_name":"Tree structure","score":0.45411255955696106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.44101181626319885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/knowledge-base","display_name":"Knowledge base","score":0.43063831329345703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/knowledge-engineering","display_name":"Knowledge engineering","score":0.42414432764053345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.35099709033966064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/xml","display_name":"XML","score":0.29713305830955505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.27651768922805786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.16974914073944092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-structure","display_name":"Data structure","score":0.15232664346694946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/systems-engineering","display_name":"Systems engineering","score":0.12016931176185608},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.10428348183631897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.07576650381088257}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8028781414031982},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68699486","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q265904","display_name":"Document Structure Description","level":3,"score":0.7133311629295349},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.6839179396629333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31170391","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188619","display_name":"Hierarchy","level":2,"score":0.5647950172424316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71139939","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q910194","display_name":"Modal","level":2,"score":0.5457155704498291},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120567893","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1582085","display_name":"Knowledge extraction","level":2,"score":0.5073439478874207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113174947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2859736","display_name":"Tree (set theory)","level":2,"score":0.5029718279838562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163797641","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2067937","display_name":"Tree structure","level":3,"score":0.45411255955696106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.44101181626319885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4554734","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q593744","display_name":"Knowledge base","level":2,"score":0.43063831329345703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84685590","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1540472","display_name":"Knowledge engineering","level":2,"score":0.42414432764053345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.35099709033966064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8797682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2115","display_name":"XML","level":2,"score":0.29713305830955505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.27651768922805786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.16974914073944092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162319229","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175263","display_name":"Data structure","level":2,"score":0.15232664346694946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.12016931176185608},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.10428348183631897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.07576650381088257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188027245","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q750446","display_name":"Polymer chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34447519","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179522","display_name":"Market economy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3068728","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3068728","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9312710/09386086.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:a8ccb9c6d91348e882481d887a4bde28","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/a8ccb9c6d91348e882481d887a4bde28","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 9, Pp 50050-50060 (2021)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3068728","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3068728","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9312710/09386086.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality Education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.5}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3391409618","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2018CFC800","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322186","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322186","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3151681360.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3151681360.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":69,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1647671624","https://openalex.org/W1885389775","https://openalex.org/W1970026646","https://openalex.org/W2022166150","https://openalex.org/W2127795553","https://openalex.org/W2131744502","https://openalex.org/W2153225416","https://openalex.org/W2154851992","https://openalex.org/W2250342289","https://openalex.org/W2283196293","https://openalex.org/W2519887557","https://openalex.org/W2624431344","https://openalex.org/W2751448157","https://openalex.org/W2752172973","https://openalex.org/W2768409085","https://openalex.org/W2769387903","https://openalex.org/W2785176118","https://openalex.org/W2896457183","https://openalex.org/W2907492528","https://openalex.org/W2922714365","https://openalex.org/W2949694638","https://openalex.org/W2962756421","https://openalex.org/W2963037989","https://openalex.org/W2963341956","https://openalex.org/W2963858333","https://openalex.org/W2964015378","https://openalex.org/W2964346820","https://openalex.org/W2972673218","https://openalex.org/W2996186646","https://openalex.org/W2997154779","https://openalex.org/W3003711898","https://openalex.org/W3018757597","https://openalex.org/W3034273250","https://openalex.org/W3034364750","https://openalex.org/W3034862985","https://openalex.org/W3035089734","https://openalex.org/W3035131649","https://openalex.org/W3035355817","https://openalex.org/W3035715371","https://openalex.org/W3059291517","https://openalex.org/W3087858202","https://openalex.org/W3094509824","https://openalex.org/W3104097132","https://openalex.org/W3104953317","https://openalex.org/W3105055324","https://openalex.org/W3113463745","https://openalex.org/W3113753692","https://openalex.org/W3114457612","https://openalex.org/W3176851559","https://openalex.org/W4210257598","https://openalex.org/W4239025696","https://openalex.org/W4246649397","https://openalex.org/W4294558607","https://openalex.org/W4297733535","https://openalex.org/W6639343393","https://openalex.org/W6678830454","https://openalex.org/W6679775712","https://openalex.org/W6695596964","https://openalex.org/W6726873649","https://openalex.org/W6738964360","https://openalex.org/W6743367031","https://openalex.org/W6743384090","https://openalex.org/W6745537798","https://openalex.org/W6745921949","https://openalex.org/W6747833963","https://openalex.org/W6755207826","https://openalex.org/W6777046832","https://openalex.org/W6783441721","https://openalex.org/W6787566904"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2382915105","https://openalex.org/W1520100787","https://openalex.org/W2620787630","https://openalex.org/W1533009136","https://openalex.org/W2159419920","https://openalex.org/W2329252456","https://openalex.org/W2354385491","https://openalex.org/W1533132500","https://openalex.org/W1810387813","https://openalex.org/W4312571769"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"triplet-based":[1],"knowledge":[2,5,18,30,38,73,126],"in":[3,11],"large-scale":[4],"bases":[6],"is":[7,67,100],"most":[8],"likely":[9],"lacking":[10],"structural":[12,37,72],"logic":[13],"and":[14,45,54,101,114,122,127],"problematic":[15],"of":[16,27,36,83,109,119],"conducting":[17],"hierarchy.":[19],"In":[20],"this":[21,110],"paper,":[22,111],"we":[23,112],"introduce":[24],"the":[25,34,41,71,81,107,116,123],"concept":[26],"metaknowledge":[28,56,84,99,120],"to":[29,52,69,95,103],"engineering":[31],"research":[32],"for":[33],"purpose":[35],"construction.":[39],"Therefore,":[40],"Metaknowledge":[42],"Extraction":[43],"Framework":[44],"Document":[46],"Structure":[47],"Tree":[48],"model":[49],"are":[50,93],"presented":[51],"extract":[53,70],"organize":[55],"elements":[57,85],"(titles,":[58],"authors,":[59],"abstracts,":[60],"sections,":[61],"paragraphs,":[62],"etc.),":[63],"so":[64],"that":[65],"it":[66],"feasible":[68],"from":[74],"multi-modal":[75],"documents.":[76],"Experiment":[77],"results":[78],"have":[79],"proved":[80],"effectiveness":[82],"extraction":[86],"by":[87],"our":[88],"framework.":[89],"Meanwhile,":[90],"detailed":[91],"examples":[92],"given":[94],"demonstrate":[96],"what":[97],"exactly":[98],"how":[102],"generate":[104],"it.":[105],"At":[106],"end":[108],"propose":[113],"analyze":[115],"task":[117],"flow":[118],"applications":[121],"associations":[124],"between":[125],"metaknowledge.":[128]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
