{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3139427994","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3068659","title":"A Deep Learning Approach for Robust Detection of Bots in Twitter Using Transformers","display_name":"A Deep Learning Approach for Robust Detection of Bots in Twitter Using Transformers","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3139427994","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3068659","mag":"3139427994"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3068659","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3068659","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9312710/09385071.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9312710/09385071.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012079065","display_name":"David Martin-Gutierrez","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8824-8304"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I88060688","display_name":"Universidad Polit\u00e9cnica de Madrid","ror":"https://ror.org/03n6nwv02","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I88060688"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David Martin-Gutierrez","raw_affiliation_strings":["Visual Telecommunication Applications Group, Signals, Systems and Radio Communications (SSR) Department, Universidad Polit\u00e9cnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8824-8304","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Visual Telecommunication Applications Group, Signals, Systems and Radio Communications (SSR) Department, Universidad Polit\u00e9cnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I88060688"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010866076","display_name":"Gustavo Hern\u00e1ndez-Pe\u00f1aloza","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2177-6185"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I88060688","display_name":"Universidad Polit\u00e9cnica de Madrid","ror":"https://ror.org/03n6nwv02","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I88060688"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gustavo Hernandez-Penaloza","raw_affiliation_strings":["Visual Telecommunication Applications Group, Signals, Systems and Radio Communications (SSR) Department, Universidad Polit\u00e9cnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2177-6185","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Visual Telecommunication Applications Group, Signals, Systems and Radio Communications (SSR) Department, Universidad Polit\u00e9cnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I88060688"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004591901","display_name":"Alberto Belmonte-Hern\u00e1ndez","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4009-2662"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I88060688","display_name":"Universidad Polit\u00e9cnica de Madrid","ror":"https://ror.org/03n6nwv02","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I88060688"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alberto Belmonte Hernandez","raw_affiliation_strings":["Visual Telecommunication Applications Group, Signals, Systems and Radio Communications (SSR) Department, Universidad Polit\u00e9cnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4009-2662","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Visual Telecommunication Applications Group, Signals, Systems and Radio Communications (SSR) Department, Universidad Polit\u00e9cnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I88060688"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063156730","display_name":"Alicia Lozano-D\u00edez","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5918-8568"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63634437","display_name":"Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Madrid","ror":"https://ror.org/01cby8j38","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63634437"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alicia Lozano-Diez","raw_affiliation_strings":["AUDIAS\u2013Audio Data Intelligence and Speech, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5918-8568","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"AUDIAS\u2013Audio Data Intelligence and Speech, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63634437"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044873595","display_name":"Federico \u00c1lvarez","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7400-9591"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I88060688","display_name":"Universidad Polit\u00e9cnica de Madrid","ror":"https://ror.org/03n6nwv02","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I88060688"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Federico Alvarez","raw_affiliation_strings":["Visual Telecommunication Applications Group, Signals, Systems and Radio Communications (SSR) Department, Universidad Polit\u00e9cnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7400-9591","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Visual Telecommunication Applications Group, Signals, Systems and Radio Communications (SSR) Department, Universidad Polit\u00e9cnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I88060688"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":13.5678,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":74,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98796171,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":null,"first_page":"54591","last_page":"54601"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11644","display_name":"Spam and Phishing Detection","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11644","display_name":"Spam and Phishing Detection","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11147","display_name":"Misinformation and Its Impacts","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9976999759674072,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metadata","display_name":"Metadata","score":0.8782669305801392},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8672174215316772},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-retrieval","display_name":"Information retrieval","score":0.4917161762714386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encoding","display_name":"Encoding (memory)","score":0.4695330858230591},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-media","display_name":"Social media","score":0.4637269377708435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/clef","display_name":"Clef","score":0.4610542356967926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.4419035017490387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/language-model","display_name":"Language model","score":0.440685510635376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/credibility","display_name":"Credibility","score":0.4199903607368469},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4158831238746643},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/classifier","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","score":0.41088855266571045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.3223470449447632},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.3002554774284363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.26020270586013794}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93518851","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180160","display_name":"Metadata","level":2,"score":0.8782669305801392},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8672174215316772},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.4917161762714386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125411270","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18653","display_name":"Encoding (memory)","level":2,"score":0.4695330858230591},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C518677369","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q202833","display_name":"Social media","level":2,"score":0.4637269377708435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107763842","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181040","display_name":"Clef","level":3,"score":0.4610542356967926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.4419035017490387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137293760","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3621696","display_name":"Language model","level":2,"score":0.440685510635376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780224610","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1530061","display_name":"Credibility","level":2,"score":0.4199903607368469},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4158831238746643},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95623464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1096149","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","level":2,"score":0.41088855266571045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.3223470449447632},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.3002554774284363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.26020270586013794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3068659","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3068659","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9312710/09385071.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:1ebb755a99db4bc6a0a8cbf21d5f538b","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/1ebb755a99db4bc6a0a8cbf21d5f538b","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 9, Pp 54591-54601 (2021)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:oa.upm.es:79043","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://oa.upm.es/79043/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402421","display_name":"Archivo Digital UPM (Universidad Polit\u00e9cnica de Madrid)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I88060688","host_organization_name":"Universidad Polit\u00e9cnica de Madrid","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I88060688"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, ISSN 2169-3536, 2021-03-24, Vol. 9","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repositorio.uam.es:10486/704866","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10486/704866","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400963","display_name":"Biblos-e Archivo (Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Madrid)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I63634437","host_organization_name":"Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Madrid","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63634437"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3068659","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3068659","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9312710/09385071.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2104430359","display_name":"FAke News discovery and propagation from big Data ANalysis and artificial intelliGence Operations","funder_award_id":"780355","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7255324343","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"780355","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332999","funder_display_name":"Horizon 2020 Framework Programme"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","display_name":"European Commission","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332999","display_name":"Horizon 2020 Framework Programme","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3139427994.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3139427994.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":75,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1836465849","https://openalex.org/W2072715695","https://openalex.org/W2095705004","https://openalex.org/W2197429038","https://openalex.org/W2252215182","https://openalex.org/W2263846226","https://openalex.org/W2531002484","https://openalex.org/W2573614998","https://openalex.org/W2595521492","https://openalex.org/W2769951052","https://openalex.org/W2800016038","https://openalex.org/W2880875857","https://openalex.org/W2890498216","https://openalex.org/W2896457183","https://openalex.org/W2900946789","https://openalex.org/W2907352650","https://openalex.org/W2910363199","https://openalex.org/W2912652191","https://openalex.org/W2920898473","https://openalex.org/W2937269099","https://openalex.org/W2941002834","https://openalex.org/W2943595643","https://openalex.org/W2946119234","https://openalex.org/W2949117887","https://openalex.org/W2949303037","https://openalex.org/W2962712142","https://openalex.org/W2963062084","https://openalex.org/W2963304263","https://openalex.org/W2963341956","https://openalex.org/W2963403868","https://openalex.org/W2963614864","https://openalex.org/W2963806301","https://openalex.org/W2964862362","https://openalex.org/W2965154709","https://openalex.org/W2965390613","https://openalex.org/W2980282514","https://openalex.org/W2990592856","https://openalex.org/W2997788455","https://openalex.org/W2999057584","https://openalex.org/W2999639446","https://openalex.org/W3007508788","https://openalex.org/W3029869744","https://openalex.org/W3037924975","https://openalex.org/W3039554467","https://openalex.org/W3042631625","https://openalex.org/W3045661091","https://openalex.org/W3082274269","https://openalex.org/W3094319843","https://openalex.org/W3095319910","https://openalex.org/W3098249847","https://openalex.org/W3102083609","https://openalex.org/W3106311261","https://openalex.org/W3137695714","https://openalex.org/W3166902147","https://openalex.org/W4288089799","https://openalex.org/W4289253852","https://openalex.org/W4302375066","https://openalex.org/W4385245566","https://openalex.org/W6638667902","https://openalex.org/W6674330103","https://openalex.org/W6701650085","https://openalex.org/W6728346077","https://openalex.org/W6734560207","https://openalex.org/W6739901393","https://openalex.org/W6751212204","https://openalex.org/W6752788575","https://openalex.org/W6755207826","https://openalex.org/W6763485134","https://openalex.org/W6766093455","https://openalex.org/W6766257885","https://openalex.org/W6766431954","https://openalex.org/W6768392504","https://openalex.org/W6769627184","https://openalex.org/W6773946081","https://openalex.org/W6784219820"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4232115401","https://openalex.org/W2970828463","https://openalex.org/W3138512925","https://openalex.org/W117735687","https://openalex.org/W1839123017","https://openalex.org/W2915106852","https://openalex.org/W2629131222","https://openalex.org/W2295107556","https://openalex.org/W2917705549","https://openalex.org/W2144680604"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"During":[0],"the":[1,4,33,52,61,81,97,121,125,134,137,158,165,168,174,178,189,196,207],"last":[2],"decades,":[3],"volume":[5],"of":[6,28,35,63,99,120,124,136,147,167,195],"multimedia":[7],"content":[8,50],"posted":[9],"in":[10,85],"social":[11,64],"networks":[12,65],"has":[13,54],"grown":[14],"exponentially":[15],"and":[16,22,39],"such":[17],"information":[18,45,176,180],"is":[19],"immediately":[20],"propagated":[21],"consumed":[23],"by":[24],"a":[25,76,100,141,148,192],"significant":[26],"number":[27],"users.":[29],"In":[30,71],"this":[31,72,155],"scenario,":[32],"disruption":[34],"fake":[36],"news":[37],"providers":[38],"bot":[40,82],"accounts":[41,66],"for":[42,79,203],"spreading":[43],"propaganda":[44],"as":[46,48,152],"well":[47],"sensitive":[49],"throughout":[51],"network":[53],"fostered":[55],"applied":[56],"research":[57],"to":[58,92,116,139],"automatically":[59],"measure":[60],"reliability":[62],"via":[67,87],"Artificial":[68],"Intelligence":[69],"(AI).":[70],"paper,":[73],"we":[74],"present":[75],"multilingual":[77],"approach":[78],"addressing":[80],"identification":[83],"task":[84],"Twitter":[86,102],"Deep":[88],"learning":[89],"(DL)":[90],"approaches":[91],"support":[93],"end-users":[94],"when":[95],"checking":[96],"credibility":[98],"certain":[101],"account.":[103],"To":[104],"do":[105],"so,":[106],"several":[107],"experiments":[108],"were":[109],"conducted":[110],"using":[111],"state-of-the-art":[112],"Multilingual":[113],"Language":[114],"Models":[115],"generate":[117],"an":[118],"encoding":[119,166],"text-based":[122],"features":[123],"user":[126,169,197],"account":[127,170,198],"that":[128],"are":[129],"later":[130],"on":[131,145],"concatenated":[132],"with":[133,182],"rest":[135],"metadata":[138,175,179],"build":[140],"potential":[142],"input":[143],"vector":[144],"top":[146],"Dense":[149],"Network":[150],"denoted":[151],"Bot-DenseNet.":[153],"Consequently,":[154],"paper":[156],"assesses":[157],"language":[159],"constraint":[160],"from":[161],"previous":[162],"studies":[163],"where":[164],"only":[171],"considered":[172],"either":[173],"or":[177],"together":[181],"some":[183],"basic":[184],"semantic":[185],"text":[186],"features.":[187],"Moreover,":[188],"Bot-DenseNet":[190],"produces":[191],"low-dimensional":[193],"representation":[194],"which":[199],"can":[200],"be":[201],"used":[202],"any":[204],"application":[205],"within":[206],"Information":[208],"Retrieval":[209],"(IR)":[210],"framework.":[211]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-07-02T09:51:11.867554","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}