{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3137760930","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3068446","title":"Fast and Efficient Visibility Restoration Technique for Single Image Dehazing and Defogging","display_name":"Fast and Efficient Visibility Restoration Technique for Single Image Dehazing and Defogging","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3137760930","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3068446","mag":"3137760930"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3068446","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3068446","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3068446","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047656770","display_name":"Apurva Kumari","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0642-9847"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Apurva Kumari","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, B. V. Raju Institute of Technology (BVRIT) Narsapur, Medak, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0642-9847","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, B. V. Raju Institute of Technology (BVRIT) Narsapur, Medak, India","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101471458","display_name":"Subhendu Kumar Sahoo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4619-2939"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74796645","display_name":"Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani","ror":"https://ror.org/001p3jz28","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74796645"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Subhendu K. Sahoo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Birla Institute of Technology and Science-Pilani, Hyderabad, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Birla Institute of Technology and Science-Pilani, Hyderabad, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74796645"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039928879","display_name":"M. C. Chinnaiah","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M. C. Chinnaiah","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, B. V. Raju Institute of Technology (BVRIT) Narsapur, Medak, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1489-7686","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, B. V. Raju Institute of Technology (BVRIT) Narsapur, Medak, India","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":1.0364,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":16,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.77998971,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":null,"first_page":"48131","last_page":"48146"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11019","display_name":"Image Enhancement Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11019","display_name":"Image Enhancement Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11659","display_name":"Advanced Image Fusion Techniques","score":0.9977999925613403,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10531","display_name":"Advanced Vision and Imaging","score":0.993399977684021,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/visibility","display_name":"Visibility","score":0.8934580087661743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7836011052131653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/haze","display_name":"Haze","score":0.7820600271224976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.6938150525093079},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6932715773582458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radiance","display_name":"Radiance","score":0.6573894023895264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pixel","display_name":"Pixel","score":0.5918676853179932},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thresholding","display_name":"Thresholding","score":0.5715330839157104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/contrast","display_name":"Contrast (vision)","score":0.5604671239852905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/luminance","display_name":"Luminance","score":0.5466523766517639},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transformation","display_name":"Transformation (genetics)","score":0.4853769540786743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.45108139514923096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intelligent-transportation-system","display_name":"Intelligent transportation system","score":0.41392314434051514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.2849961817264557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.24671462178230286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.13681098818778992},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.1062282919883728},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.0818830132484436}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123403432","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q654068","display_name":"Visibility","level":2,"score":0.8934580087661743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7836011052131653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79974267","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q643546","display_name":"Haze","level":2,"score":0.7820600271224976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.6938150525093079},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6932715773582458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23690007","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1411145","display_name":"Radiance","level":2,"score":0.6573894023895264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160633673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q355198","display_name":"Pixel","level":2,"score":0.5918676853179932},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191178318","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2256906","display_name":"Thresholding","level":3,"score":0.5715330839157104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776502983","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q690182","display_name":"Contrast (vision)","level":2,"score":0.5604671239852905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73313986","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q355386","display_name":"Luminance","level":2,"score":0.5466523766517639},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204241405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q461499","display_name":"Transformation (genetics)","level":3,"score":0.4853769540786743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.45108139514923096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47796450","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q508378","display_name":"Intelligent transportation system","level":2,"score":0.41392314434051514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.2849961817264557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.24671462178230286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.13681098818778992},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.1062282919883728},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0818830132484436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147176958","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77590","display_name":"Civil engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3068446","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3068446","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:9515a7a81f064aeaa540525b4b39ce09","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/9515a7a81f064aeaa540525b4b39ce09","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 9, Pp 48131-48146 (2021)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3068446","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3068446","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","score":0.699999988079071}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":47,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1971693194","https://openalex.org/W1973723602","https://openalex.org/W1979143090","https://openalex.org/W1979666307","https://openalex.org/W1986642167","https://openalex.org/W1992954085","https://openalex.org/W1998363013","https://openalex.org/W2003709967","https://openalex.org/W2005092732","https://openalex.org/W2014234871","https://openalex.org/W2018020531","https://openalex.org/W2028990532","https://openalex.org/W2058843488","https://openalex.org/W2065002911","https://openalex.org/W2066637406","https://openalex.org/W2067134752","https://openalex.org/W2076667106","https://openalex.org/W2099244020","https://openalex.org/W2106402996","https://openalex.org/W2110644821","https://openalex.org/W2114867966","https://openalex.org/W2118532926","https://openalex.org/W2121880036","https://openalex.org/W2125188192","https://openalex.org/W2125299936","https://openalex.org/W2128254161","https://openalex.org/W2130582503","https://openalex.org/W2133374054","https://openalex.org/W2133665775","https://openalex.org/W2147318913","https://openalex.org/W2166704913","https://openalex.org/W2256362396","https://openalex.org/W2467473805","https://openalex.org/W2562491041","https://openalex.org/W2620779023","https://openalex.org/W2737109121","https://openalex.org/W2760803230","https://openalex.org/W2765935119","https://openalex.org/W2779176852","https://openalex.org/W2891540559","https://openalex.org/W2911964244","https://openalex.org/W2936015419","https://openalex.org/W2963928582","https://openalex.org/W2996367318","https://openalex.org/W3007633369","https://openalex.org/W4252054347","https://openalex.org/W7070935245"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2896728493","https://openalex.org/W2397673276","https://openalex.org/W2318437963","https://openalex.org/W2043512367","https://openalex.org/W2392142157","https://openalex.org/W2348696601","https://openalex.org/W4321518006","https://openalex.org/W2394444438","https://openalex.org/W2902799281","https://openalex.org/W3145022927"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Poor":[0],"weather":[1,58],"conditions":[2],"are":[3,18],"detrimental":[4],"to":[5,136,148,159,172,256],"transportation":[6],"systems":[7,35],"and":[8,16,26,53,69,93,124,185,201,234,251],"increase":[9],"the":[10,19,28,50,60,65,77,101,108,119,122,127,143,154,164,166,175,179,183,193],"likelihood":[11],"of":[12,67,79,111,121,126,211,248],"road":[13],"accidents.":[14],"Haze":[15],"fog":[17,68],"most":[20,155],"responsible":[21,117],"atmospheric":[22,113,138],"parameters":[23],"affecting":[24],"visibility":[25,61,87,223,252],"hence":[27],"traffic":[29,55],"performance.":[30],"The":[31,130,188,239],"intelligent":[32],"driving":[33],"assistance":[34],"developed":[36],"for":[37,43,76,100,118],"automatic":[38],"vehicles":[39],"use":[40],"clear":[41,80],"vision":[42],"various":[44],"smart":[45],"applications":[46],"like":[47],"keeping":[48],"within":[49],"correct":[51],"lane":[52],"recognize":[54],"signs.":[56],"Bad":[57],"decreases":[59],"significantly":[62],"based":[63,90],"on":[64,91],"intensity":[66],"haze.":[70],"So,":[71],"there":[72],"is":[73,104,116,153,170],"a":[74,85],"need":[75],"restoration":[78,88,253],"visibility.":[81],"This":[82],"paper":[83],"introduces":[84],"novel":[86],"approach":[89],"thresholding":[92],"gamma":[94,167],"transformation":[95,168],"method.":[96],"A":[97],"step-by-step":[98],"process":[99,132],"proposed":[102,194,240],"method":[103,169],"as":[105],"follows.":[106],"First,":[107],"proper":[109],"selection":[110],"an":[112],"light":[114],"value":[115],"validation":[120],"color":[123],"contrast":[125,208,215,231],"recovered":[128],"images.":[129,187],"threshold":[131],"makes":[133],"it":[134],"possible":[135],"estimate":[137,174],"light.":[139],"Then,":[140],"accurately":[141],"estimating":[142],"transmission":[144],"depth":[145],"from":[146,182],"object":[147,149],"in":[150,243,246],"small":[151],"time":[152,250],"challenging":[156],"aspect":[157],"due":[158],"unequal":[160],"distribution.":[161],"To":[162],"solve":[163],"problem,":[165],"used":[171],"correctly":[173],"depth.":[176],"Finally,":[177],"restore":[178],"scene":[180],"radiance":[181],"hazy":[184],"foggy":[186],"experimental":[189],"results":[190,254],"show":[191],"that":[192],"measurement":[195,224],"ensures":[196],"good":[197],"uniformity":[198],"about":[199],"qualitative":[200],"quantitative":[202],"evaluation":[203],"using":[204],"eight":[205],"performance":[206],"metrics:":[207],"gain,":[209],"percentage":[210],"saturated":[212],"pixels,":[213],"blind":[214],"assessment,":[216],"structural":[217],"similarity":[218],"index":[219],"measure":[220,232],"(SSIM),":[221],"image":[222],"(IVM),":[225],"mean":[226],"square":[227],"error":[228],"(MSE),":[229],"visual":[230],"(VCM),":[233],"peak":[235],"signal-to-noise":[236],"ratio":[237],"(PSNR).":[238],"algorithm":[241],"excels":[242],"previous":[244],"works":[245],"terms":[247],"processing":[249],"comparable":[255],"sophisticated":[257],"state-of-the-art":[258],"techniques.":[259]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}