{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3138161023","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3068172","title":"Intelligent Anomaly Detection for Large Network Traffic With Optimized Deep Clustering (ODC) Algorithm","display_name":"Intelligent Anomaly Detection for Large Network Traffic With Optimized Deep Clustering (ODC) Algorithm","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3138161023","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3068172","mag":"3138161023"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3068172","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3068172","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3068172","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112619440","display_name":"Annie Gilda Roselin","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114017466","display_name":"University of Technology Sydney","ror":"https://ror.org/03f0f6041","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114017466"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1292875679","display_name":"Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation","ror":"https://ror.org/03qn8fb07","country_code":"AU","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1292875679","https://openalex.org/I2801453606","https://openalex.org/I4387156119"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I42894916","display_name":"Data61","ror":"https://ror.org/03q397159","country_code":"AU","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1292875679","https://openalex.org/I2801453606","https://openalex.org/I42894916","https://openalex.org/I4387156119"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Annie Gilda Roselin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO/Data61), Marsfield, NSW, Australia","Department of Electrical and Data Engineering, University of Technology Sydney (UTS), Ultimo, NSW, Australia","ORCiD"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO/Data61), Marsfield, NSW, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1292875679","https://openalex.org/I42894916"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Data Engineering, University of Technology Sydney (UTS), Ultimo, NSW, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114017466"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"ORCiD","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045431254","display_name":"Priyadarsi Nanda","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5748-155X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114017466","display_name":"University of Technology Sydney","ror":"https://ror.org/03f0f6041","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114017466"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Priyadarsi Nanda","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Data Engineering, University of Technology Sydney (UTS), Ultimo, NSW, Australia","ORCiD"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Data Engineering, University of Technology Sydney (UTS), Ultimo, NSW, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114017466"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"ORCiD","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082256444","display_name":"\u202aSurya Nepal\u202c","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3289-6599"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1292875679","display_name":"Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation","ror":"https://ror.org/03qn8fb07","country_code":"AU","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1292875679","https://openalex.org/I2801453606","https://openalex.org/I4387156119"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I42894916","display_name":"Data61","ror":"https://ror.org/03q397159","country_code":"AU","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1292875679","https://openalex.org/I2801453606","https://openalex.org/I42894916","https://openalex.org/I4387156119"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Surya Nepal","raw_affiliation_strings":["Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO/Data61), Marsfield, NSW, Australia","ORCiD"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO/Data61), Marsfield, NSW, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1292875679","https://openalex.org/I42894916"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"ORCiD","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006921134","display_name":"Xiangjian He","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8962-540X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114017466","display_name":"University of Technology Sydney","ror":"https://ror.org/03f0f6041","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114017466"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiangjian He","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Data Engineering, University of Technology Sydney (UTS), Ultimo, NSW, Australia","ORCiD"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Data Engineering, University of Technology Sydney (UTS), Ultimo, NSW, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114017466"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"ORCiD","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5112619440"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114017466","https://openalex.org/I1292875679","https://openalex.org/I42894916"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":3.5206,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":26,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92654576,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":null,"first_page":"47243","last_page":"47251"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11512","display_name":"Anomaly Detection Techniques and Applications","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11598","display_name":"Internet Traffic Analysis and Secure E-voting","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/autoencoder","display_name":"Autoencoder","score":0.880559504032135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cluster-analysis","display_name":"Cluster analysis","score":0.8314474821090698},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7445281147956848},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anomaly-detection","display_name":"Anomaly detection","score":0.6358723044395447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mnist-database","display_name":"MNIST database","score":0.6278422474861145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5941727757453918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.5707947015762329},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hyperparameter","display_name":"Hyperparameter","score":0.512062132358551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.4832649827003479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/canopy-clustering-algorithm","display_name":"Canopy clustering algorithm","score":0.4258689284324646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anomaly","display_name":"Anomaly (physics)","score":0.41151219606399536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.38013362884521484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/correlation-clustering","display_name":"Correlation clustering","score":0.36309558153152466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.3624553680419922}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101738243","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q786435","display_name":"Autoencoder","level":3,"score":0.880559504032135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73555534","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q622825","display_name":"Cluster analysis","level":2,"score":0.8314474821090698},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7445281147956848},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C739882","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3560506","display_name":"Anomaly detection","level":2,"score":0.6358723044395447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190502265","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17069496","display_name":"MNIST database","level":3,"score":0.6278422474861145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5941727757453918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.5707947015762329},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8642999","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4171168","display_name":"Hyperparameter","level":2,"score":0.512062132358551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.4832649827003479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104047586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5033439","display_name":"Canopy clustering algorithm","level":4,"score":0.4258689284324646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12997251","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q567560","display_name":"Anomaly (physics)","level":2,"score":0.41151219606399536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.38013362884521484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94641424","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5172845","display_name":"Correlation clustering","level":3,"score":0.36309558153152466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.3624553680419922},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26873012","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214781","display_name":"Condensed matter physics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3068172","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3068172","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:a3988257e74049f49b032f67599aa12b","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/a3988257e74049f49b032f67599aa12b","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 9, Pp 47243-47251 (2021)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:opus.lib.uts.edu.au:10453/148585","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10453/148585","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401357","display_name":"UTS ePRESS (University of Technology Sydney)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I114017466","host_organization_name":"University of Technology Sydney","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114017466"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3068172","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3068172","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320386","display_name":"Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation","ror":"https://ror.org/03qn8fb07"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":57,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W328766226","https://openalex.org/W659184639","https://openalex.org/W1554085250","https://openalex.org/W1578389446","https://openalex.org/W1985987493","https://openalex.org/W2084512860","https://openalex.org/W2095705004","https://openalex.org/W2095897464","https://openalex.org/W2122646361","https://openalex.org/W2141409867","https://openalex.org/W2144200194","https://openalex.org/W2153919695","https://openalex.org/W2176412452","https://openalex.org/W2556467266","https://openalex.org/W2603986758","https://openalex.org/W2741943936","https://openalex.org/W2765741717","https://openalex.org/W2786088545","https://openalex.org/W2787881824","https://openalex.org/W2795147830","https://openalex.org/W2801256139","https://openalex.org/W2806029905","https://openalex.org/W2806035899","https://openalex.org/W2809034148","https://openalex.org/W2895992674","https://openalex.org/W2897197428","https://openalex.org/W2897476383","https://openalex.org/W2903747695","https://openalex.org/W2904577408","https://openalex.org/W2910068345","https://openalex.org/W2920872036","https://openalex.org/W2943227802","https://openalex.org/W2944603198","https://openalex.org/W2949272108","https://openalex.org/W2962849408","https://openalex.org/W2963285578","https://openalex.org/W2964074409","https://openalex.org/W2974622192","https://openalex.org/W2997770686","https://openalex.org/W3001100660","https://openalex.org/W3015507004","https://openalex.org/W3040712465","https://openalex.org/W3044129898","https://openalex.org/W4214958790","https://openalex.org/W4231029117","https://openalex.org/W4249837478","https://openalex.org/W6674330103","https://openalex.org/W6685380521","https://openalex.org/W6685562342","https://openalex.org/W6730333270","https://openalex.org/W6748102297","https://openalex.org/W6748713143","https://openalex.org/W6749806285","https://openalex.org/W6752002236","https://openalex.org/W6756739821","https://openalex.org/W6758101687","https://openalex.org/W6772397957"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4394785709","https://openalex.org/W4296978181","https://openalex.org/W2912987408","https://openalex.org/W2937381246","https://openalex.org/W3004801820","https://openalex.org/W4281672036","https://openalex.org/W4313444753","https://openalex.org/W4230582276","https://openalex.org/W2735450835","https://openalex.org/W2559422900"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,151],"availability":[1],"of":[2,6,55,116],"an":[3,34,44],"enormous":[4],"amount":[5],"unlabeled":[7],"datasets":[8],"drives":[9],"the":[10,53,56,62,74,80,87,93,114,121,130,139,160],"anomaly":[11,23,36,166],"detection":[12,24,37],"research":[13,27],"towards":[14],"unsupervised":[15],"machine":[16],"learning":[17],"algorithms.":[18,150],"Deep":[19,46],"clustering":[20,89,106,149,157,163],"algorithms":[21],"for":[22,38,165],"gain":[25],"significant":[26],"attention":[28],"in":[29],"this":[30],"era.":[31],"We":[32,125],"propose":[33],"intelligent":[35],"extensive":[39],"network":[40,98,122],"traffic":[41,99,123],"analysis":[42],"with":[43,129,147],"Optimized":[45],"Clustering":[47],"(ODC)":[48],"algorithm.":[49],"Firstly,":[50],"ODC":[51,78,108,127,155],"does":[52,109],"optimization":[54],"deep":[57,75,82,105,156,162],"AutoEncoder":[58],"algorithm":[59,90,128],"by":[60],"tuning":[61],"hyperparameters.":[63],"Thereby":[64],"we":[65],"can":[66],"achieve":[67],"a":[68],"reduced":[69],"reconstruction":[70],"error":[71],"rate":[72],"from":[73,135],"AutoEncoder.":[76],"Secondly,":[77],"feeds":[79],"optimized":[81],"AutoEncoder's":[83],"latent":[84],"view":[85],"to":[86,91,112,119,142],"BIRCH":[88],"detect":[92],"known":[94],"and":[95,138],"unknown":[96],"malicious":[97],"without":[100],"human":[101],"intervention.":[102],"Unlike":[103],"other":[104],"algorithms,":[107],"not":[110],"require":[111],"specify":[113],"number":[115],"clusters":[117],"needed":[118],"analyze":[120],"dataset.":[124],"experiment":[126],"CoAP":[131],"off-path":[132],"dataset":[133,141],"obtained":[134],"our":[136,144],"testbed":[137],"MNIST":[140],"compare":[143],"algorithm's":[145],"accuracy":[146],"state-of-art":[148],"evaluation":[152],"results":[153],"show":[154],"method":[158],"outperforms":[159],"existing":[161],"methods":[164],"detection.":[167]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-04-10T15:06:20.359241","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}