{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3137054743","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3067701","title":"Enhancing Distance Protection of Long Transmission Lines Compensated With TCSC and Connected With Wind Power","display_name":"Enhancing Distance Protection of Long Transmission Lines Compensated With TCSC and Connected With Wind Power","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3137054743","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3067701","mag":"3137054743"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3067701","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3067701","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9312710/09382297.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9312710/09382297.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046886221","display_name":"Ahmed Abdel Rahman Mohamed","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145487455","display_name":"Cairo University","ror":"https://ror.org/03q21mh05","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145487455"]}],"countries":["EG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ahmed Abdel Rahman Mohamed","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Power Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Power Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145487455"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024550849","display_name":"Hebatallah Mohamed Sharaf","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7054-5247"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145487455","display_name":"Cairo University","ror":"https://ror.org/03q21mh05","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145487455"]}],"countries":["EG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hebatallah Mohamed Sharaf","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Power Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7054-5247","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Power Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145487455"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051080475","display_name":"Doaa Khalil Ibrahim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0177-5089"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145487455","display_name":"Cairo University","ror":"https://ror.org/03q21mh05","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145487455"]}],"countries":["EG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Doaa Khalil Ibrahim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Power Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0177-5089","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Power Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145487455"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145487455"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":3.2532,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":41,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92301235,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":null,"first_page":"46717","last_page":"46730"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10972","display_name":"Power Systems Fault Detection","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10972","display_name":"Power Systems Fault Detection","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11102","display_name":"HVDC Systems and Fault Protection","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13183","display_name":"Islanding Detection in Power Systems","score":0.9957000017166138,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/relay","display_name":"Relay","score":0.6629635095596313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electric-power-transmission","display_name":"Electric power transmission","score":0.5965619087219238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-theory","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","score":0.5534183382987976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fault","display_name":"Fault (geology)","score":0.5267778635025024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wind-power","display_name":"Wind power","score":0.5186978578567505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electric-power-system","display_name":"Electric power system","score":0.5012049674987793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-impedance","display_name":"Electrical impedance","score":0.4825984239578247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thyristor","display_name":"Thyristor","score":0.4780226945877075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/protective-relay","display_name":"Protective relay","score":0.4710747301578522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inductance","display_name":"Inductance","score":0.4375857412815094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.42464613914489746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/capacitance","display_name":"Capacitance","score":0.41157782077789307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.37454044818878174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.330890417098999},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.32644569873809814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.3258938193321228},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.3218499422073364}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778156585","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q174053","display_name":"Relay","level":3,"score":0.6629635095596313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140311924","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q200928","display_name":"Electric power transmission","level":2,"score":0.5965619087219238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.5534183382987976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175551986","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47089","display_name":"Fault (geology)","level":2,"score":0.5267778635025024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78600449","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43302","display_name":"Wind power","level":2,"score":0.5186978578567505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89227174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2388981","display_name":"Electric power system","level":3,"score":0.5012049674987793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17829176","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179043","display_name":"Electrical impedance","level":2,"score":0.4825984239578247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121922863","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180805","display_name":"Thyristor","level":3,"score":0.4780226945877075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2412688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q503732","display_name":"Protective relay","level":4,"score":0.4710747301578522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29210110","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177897","display_name":"Inductance","level":3,"score":0.4375857412815094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.42464613914489746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30066665","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q164399","display_name":"Capacitance","level":3,"score":0.41157782077789307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.37454044818878174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.330890417098999},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.32644569873809814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.3258938193321228},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.3218499422073364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165205528","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83371","display_name":"Seismology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147789679","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11372","display_name":"Physical chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17525397","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176140","display_name":"Electrode","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3067701","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3067701","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9312710/09382297.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:3c625f6823454ef096367ad7877696ed","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/3c625f6823454ef096367ad7877696ed","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 9, Pp 46717-46730 (2021)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3067701","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3067701","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9312710/09382297.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.9100000262260437}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3137054743.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3137054743.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":42,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W161760779","https://openalex.org/W633213024","https://openalex.org/W1536454895","https://openalex.org/W1578476034","https://openalex.org/W1819473455","https://openalex.org/W1962097475","https://openalex.org/W1969910319","https://openalex.org/W2013608600","https://openalex.org/W2053019630","https://openalex.org/W2066065420","https://openalex.org/W2078984485","https://openalex.org/W2106852792","https://openalex.org/W2122742849","https://openalex.org/W2135907294","https://openalex.org/W2146938280","https://openalex.org/W2147153047","https://openalex.org/W2148033361","https://openalex.org/W2157344622","https://openalex.org/W2157954429","https://openalex.org/W2171723112","https://openalex.org/W2323123624","https://openalex.org/W2344528337","https://openalex.org/W2524560200","https://openalex.org/W2532596786","https://openalex.org/W2544396939","https://openalex.org/W2568244746","https://openalex.org/W2580076647","https://openalex.org/W2607504889","https://openalex.org/W2745298252","https://openalex.org/W2768358192","https://openalex.org/W2772437384","https://openalex.org/W2883919122","https://openalex.org/W2922520462","https://openalex.org/W2944140091","https://openalex.org/W3046388519","https://openalex.org/W3118116608","https://openalex.org/W3139555398","https://openalex.org/W4210533702","https://openalex.org/W4239553778","https://openalex.org/W6632222095","https://openalex.org/W6641132597","https://openalex.org/W6680413866"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1973873454","https://openalex.org/W1994640067","https://openalex.org/W4387011889","https://openalex.org/W3142892065","https://openalex.org/W4308082933","https://openalex.org/W2384133917","https://openalex.org/W2056980334","https://openalex.org/W2673189356","https://openalex.org/W2874772501","https://openalex.org/W2327779871"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Thyristor":[0],"controlled":[1],"series":[2],"compensation":[3],"(TCSC)":[4],"is":[5,128],"widely":[6],"used":[7],"in":[8],"long":[9],"transmission":[10,185],"lines":[11],"to":[12,37,43,59],"mainly":[13],"improve":[14],"power":[15,81,147],"transfer":[16],"capability.":[17],"However,":[18],"TCSC":[19,110,154,194],"produces":[20,34],"complicated":[21],"impedance":[22,108],"that":[23,161],"negatively":[24],"affects":[25],"distance":[26,39,67,168],"protection":[27,40,68],"operation.":[28],"The":[29,85,157],"wind":[30,47,80,146,150],"energy":[31],"generation":[32],"system":[33],"additional":[35],"complexity":[36],"the":[38,44,62,65,71,75,122,125,132,162,179,184,191,197,199,202],"performance":[41,123],"due":[42],"variation":[45],"of":[46,64,78,109,124,178,193],"speed":[48],"and":[49,82,111,152,171,174,187],"fault":[50,83,94,106,112,138,140,143],"current":[51],"level.":[52],"This":[53],"paper":[54],"proposes":[55],"an":[56],"integrated":[57],"scheme":[58,87,127,164],"change":[60],"adaptively":[61],"settings":[63],"Mho":[66,134,167],"by":[69],"shifting":[70],"relay":[72,97,169],"characteristics":[73],"considering":[74],"bad":[76],"impacts":[77],"TCSC,":[79],"resistance.":[84],"proposed":[86,126,163],"achieves":[88],"its":[89],"main":[90],"stages":[91],"starting":[92],"from":[93],"detection,":[95],"until":[96],"tripping":[98],"decision":[99],"procedure":[100],"including":[101],"online":[102],"estimation":[103],"for":[104],"preliminary":[105],"location,":[107],"resistance":[113],"using":[114],"limited":[115],"communication":[116],"requirements.":[117],"By":[118],"extensive":[119],"MATLAB":[120],"simulations,":[121],"examined":[129],"compared":[130],"with":[131],"conventional":[133],"relays":[135],"under":[136],"different":[137,145,149,153],"locations,":[139],"inception":[141],"angle,":[142],"resistance,":[144],"penetration,":[148],"speeds":[151],"firing":[155,203],"angles.":[156],"achieved":[158],"results":[159],"ensured":[160],"improves":[165],"significantly":[166],"operation":[170],"avoids":[172],"under-reaching":[173],"over-reaching":[175],"problems":[176],"irrespective":[177],"large":[180],"shunt":[181],"capacitance":[182],"along":[183],"line,":[186],"also":[188],"without":[189],"identifying":[190],"parameters":[192],"such":[195],"as":[196],"capacitance,":[198],"inductance":[200],"or":[201],"angle.":[204]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-21T08:15:58.654021","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}