{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3138360497","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3067331","title":"IoT-Enabled Smart Energy Grid: Applications and Challenges","display_name":"IoT-Enabled Smart Energy Grid: Applications and Challenges","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3138360497","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3067331","mag":"3138360497"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3067331","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3067331","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9312710/09381850.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9312710/09381850.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042206696","display_name":"S. M. Abu Adnan Abir","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9036-5473"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"S. M. Abu Adnan Abir","raw_affiliation_strings":["IGW Operators Forum, Dhaka, Bangladesh"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9036-5473","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IGW Operators Forum, Dhaka, Bangladesh","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Adnan Anwar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0070-182X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149704539","display_name":"Deakin University","ror":"https://ror.org/02czsnj07","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149704539"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Adnan Anwar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Cyber Security Research and Innovation (CSRI), School of Information Technology, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0070-182X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Cyber Security Research and Innovation (CSRI), School of Information Technology, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149704539"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022303970","display_name":"Jinho Choi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4895-6680"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149704539","display_name":"Deakin University","ror":"https://ror.org/02czsnj07","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149704539"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jinho Choi","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Technology, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4895-6680","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Technology, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149704539"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008691045","display_name":"A. S. M. Kayes","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2421-2214"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I196829312","display_name":"La Trobe University","ror":"https://ror.org/01rxfrp27","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I196829312"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A. S. M. Kayes","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Information Technology, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2421-2214","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Information Technology, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I196829312"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5042206696"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":21.788,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":267,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99806108,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":null,"first_page":"50961","last_page":"50981"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10917","display_name":"Smart Grid Security and Resilience","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10917","display_name":"Smart Grid Security and Resilience","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":0.9925000071525574,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7841383218765259},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smart-grid","display_name":"Smart grid","score":0.7271410226821899},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.5294294953346252},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-of-things","display_name":"Internet of Things","score":0.5156320333480835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/efficient-energy-use","display_name":"Efficient energy use","score":0.41383475065231323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.3350962698459625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.12885451316833496}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7841383218765259},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10558101","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q689855","display_name":"Smart grid","level":2,"score":0.7271410226821899},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.5294294953346252},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81860439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q251212","display_name":"Internet of Things","level":2,"score":0.5156320333480835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2742236","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q924713","display_name":"Efficient energy use","level":2,"score":0.41383475065231323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.3350962698459625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.12885451316833496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3067331","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3067331","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9312710/09381850.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:2f0c6381cc64493083d389425f43b0ac","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/2f0c6381cc64493083d389425f43b0ac","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 9, Pp 50961-50981 (2021)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:dro.deakin.edu.au:DU:30150017","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401102","display_name":"Own your potential (DEAKIN)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I149704539","host_organization_name":"Deakin University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149704539"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:figshare.com:article/20671302","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/IoT-enabled_smart_energy_grid_applications_and_challenges/20671302","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196282","display_name":"Figshare","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210132348","host_organization_name":"Figshare (United Kingdom)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210132348"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3067331","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3067331","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9312710/09381850.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.49000000953674316,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":72,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1974439656","https://openalex.org/W1975635104","https://openalex.org/W1978104519","https://openalex.org/W2012707535","https://openalex.org/W2035203720","https://openalex.org/W2044857874","https://openalex.org/W2065955975","https://openalex.org/W2084724629","https://openalex.org/W2101609731","https://openalex.org/W2153268908","https://openalex.org/W2169915125","https://openalex.org/W2290426788","https://openalex.org/W2366918540","https://openalex.org/W2412337345","https://openalex.org/W2468951378","https://openalex.org/W2504186066","https://openalex.org/W2552129899","https://openalex.org/W2553386520","https://openalex.org/W2565358133","https://openalex.org/W2566728633","https://openalex.org/W2597831797","https://openalex.org/W2617052993","https://openalex.org/W2747480149","https://openalex.org/W2752957596","https://openalex.org/W2753266903","https://openalex.org/W2754549675","https://openalex.org/W2762101885","https://openalex.org/W2766881562","https://openalex.org/W2767168255","https://openalex.org/W2767708782","https://openalex.org/W2768754037","https://openalex.org/W2771384842","https://openalex.org/W2778953522","https://openalex.org/W2785707617","https://openalex.org/W2787844500","https://openalex.org/W2792152774","https://openalex.org/W2796976611","https://openalex.org/W2805930283","https://openalex.org/W2875475762","https://openalex.org/W2885199064","https://openalex.org/W2892964188","https://openalex.org/W2902711202","https://openalex.org/W2911489589","https://openalex.org/W2912275277","https://openalex.org/W2912761558","https://openalex.org/W2913317894","https://openalex.org/W2913811025","https://openalex.org/W2914057541","https://openalex.org/W2914242653","https://openalex.org/W2918245750","https://openalex.org/W2922515190","https://openalex.org/W2926519916","https://openalex.org/W2929049293","https://openalex.org/W2949726555","https://openalex.org/W2950831588","https://openalex.org/W2954944626","https://openalex.org/W2961152305","https://openalex.org/W2975118496","https://openalex.org/W2991362301","https://openalex.org/W2993670002","https://openalex.org/W2998859514","https://openalex.org/W3000424131","https://openalex.org/W3009311085","https://openalex.org/W3011270064","https://openalex.org/W3015915789","https://openalex.org/W3021506965","https://openalex.org/W3022019846","https://openalex.org/W3025850044","https://openalex.org/W3126450618","https://openalex.org/W4235673545","https://openalex.org/W6629530050","https://openalex.org/W6715272706"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4245926026","https://openalex.org/W4311097251","https://openalex.org/W2586548817","https://openalex.org/W2625093826","https://openalex.org/W2950174689","https://openalex.org/W4200598720","https://openalex.org/W2921026492","https://openalex.org/W4280617453","https://openalex.org/W3023313505","https://openalex.org/W4226451589"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"Internet":[1],"of":[2,10,52,86,118,122,205,212],"Things":[3],"(IoT)":[4],"is":[5],"a":[6,83],"rapidly":[7],"emerging":[8],"field":[9],"technologies":[11,64,112,152,207],"that":[12,105,177],"delivers":[13],"numerous":[14],"cutting-edge":[15],"solutions":[16],"in":[17,73,185],"various":[18],"domains":[19],"including":[20,65],"the":[21,26,28,48,93,106,119,129,173,193,210],"critical":[22],"infrastructures.":[23],"Thanks":[24],"to":[25,75,92,110,165,208],"IoT,":[27],"conventional":[29],"power":[30],"system":[31],"network":[32],"can":[33,160],"be":[34,166],"transformed":[35],"into":[36],"an":[37],"effective":[38],"and":[39,50,70,101,132,139,157,169,171,183,203],"smarter":[40],"energy":[41,55,77,124,137,163,198,214],"grid.":[42,78],"In":[43],"this":[44,188],"article,":[45],"we":[46,59,103,127,148],"review":[47,128],"architecture":[49],"functionalities":[51],"IoT-enabled":[53,123,136,162,196],"smart":[54,76,94,197,213],"grid":[56,95],"systems.":[57,125,215],"Specifically,":[58],"focus":[60],"on":[61,89,98],"different":[62],"IoT":[63,90,111],"sensing,":[66],"communication,":[67],"computing":[68],"technologies,":[69],"their":[71],"standards":[72],"relation":[74],"This":[79],"article":[80,189],"also":[81],"presents":[82],"comprehensive":[84],"overview":[85],"existing":[87,130,174],"studies":[88],"applications":[91],"system.":[96],"Based":[97],"recent":[99],"surveys":[100],"literature,":[102],"observe":[104],"security":[107,145,201],"vulnerabilities":[108],"related":[109],"have":[113],"been":[114],"attributed":[115],"as":[116],"one":[117],"major":[120],"concerns":[121],"Therefore,":[126],"threat":[131],"attack":[133],"models":[134],"for":[135,143,195],"systems":[138,164],"summarize":[140],"mitigation":[141],"techniques":[142],"those":[144],"vulnerabilities.":[146],"Finally,":[147],"highlight":[149],"how":[150],"advanced":[151,206],"(e.g.,":[153],"blockchain,":[154],"machine":[155],"learning,":[156],"artificial":[158],"intelligence)":[159],"complement":[161],"more":[167,180],"resilient":[168],"secure":[170],"overcome":[172],"difficulties":[175],"so":[176],"they":[178],"become":[179],"effective,":[181],"robust,":[182],"reliable":[184],"operation.":[186],"Precisely,":[187],"will":[190],"help":[191],"understand":[192],"framework":[194],"system,":[199],"associated":[200],"vulnerabilities,":[202],"prospects":[204],"improve":[209],"effectiveness":[211]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":89},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":77},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":40},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":33},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":7}],"updated_date":"2026-05-24T08:33:08.758527","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}