{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3137497271","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3065728","title":"Configuration of an Energy Storage System for Primary Frequency Reserve and Inertia Response of the Power Grid","display_name":"Configuration of an Energy Storage System for Primary Frequency Reserve and Inertia Response of the Power Grid","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3137497271","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3065728","mag":"3137497271"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3065728","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3065728","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9312710/09376894.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9312710/09376894.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100334703","display_name":"Hongbo Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1162-839X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I179060312","display_name":"Northeast Electric Power University","ror":"https://ror.org/00zqaxa34","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I179060312"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hongbo Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electrical Engineering, Northeast Electric Power University, Jilin, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electrical Engineering, Northeast Electric Power University, Jilin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I179060312"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100393913","display_name":"Chong Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7895-7553"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I179060312","display_name":"Northeast Electric Power University","ror":"https://ror.org/00zqaxa34","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I179060312"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chong Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electrical Engineering, Northeast Electric Power University, Jilin, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electrical Engineering, Northeast Electric Power University, Jilin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I179060312"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025112810","display_name":"Xiaoyu Peng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4040-8217"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I179060312","display_name":"Northeast Electric Power University","ror":"https://ror.org/00zqaxa34","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I179060312"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaoyu Peng","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electrical Engineering, Northeast Electric Power University, Jilin, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electrical Engineering, Northeast Electric Power University, Jilin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I179060312"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100634783","display_name":"Shuyu Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5036-0480"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I179060312","display_name":"Northeast Electric Power University","ror":"https://ror.org/00zqaxa34","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I179060312"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shuyu Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electrical Engineering, Northeast Electric Power University, Jilin, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electrical Engineering, Northeast Electric Power University, Jilin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I179060312"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I179060312"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":2.8421,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":25,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.90534943,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":null,"first_page":"41965","last_page":"41975"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10223","display_name":"Microgrid Control and Optimization","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10223","display_name":"Microgrid Control and Optimization","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10740","display_name":"Wind Turbine Control Systems","score":0.9976999759674072,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12277","display_name":"Frequency Control in Power Systems","score":0.9975000023841858,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automatic-frequency-control","display_name":"Automatic frequency control","score":0.7278314828872681},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inertia","display_name":"Inertia","score":0.6135515570640564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electric-power-system","display_name":"Electric power system","score":0.5819178223609924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-storage","display_name":"Energy storage","score":0.5643904209136963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5323441624641418},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grid","display_name":"Grid","score":0.5147985816001892},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/frequency-grid","display_name":"Frequency grid","score":0.5131838917732239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/renewable-energy","display_name":"Renewable energy","score":0.4918239116668701},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wind-power","display_name":"Wind power","score":0.46390458941459656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.45615354180336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-theory","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","score":0.44053906202316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automotive-engineering","display_name":"Automotive engineering","score":0.3887972831726074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.26834556460380554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control","display_name":"Control (management)","score":0.26054617762565613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.2583351135253906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.12332427501678467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.08333158493041992}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C25915539","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q220786","display_name":"Automatic frequency control","level":2,"score":0.7278314828872681},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110407247","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q122508","display_name":"Inertia","level":2,"score":0.6135515570640564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89227174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2388981","display_name":"Electric power system","level":3,"score":0.5819178223609924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73916439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837718","display_name":"Energy storage","level":3,"score":0.5643904209136963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5323441624641418},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187691185","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2020720","display_name":"Grid","level":2,"score":0.5147985816001892},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21905445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5502873","display_name":"Frequency grid","level":3,"score":0.5131838917732239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188573790","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12705","display_name":"Renewable energy","level":2,"score":0.4918239116668701},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78600449","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43302","display_name":"Wind power","level":2,"score":0.46390458941459656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.45615354180336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.44053906202316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171146098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124192","display_name":"Automotive engineering","level":1,"score":0.3887972831726074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.26834556460380554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.26054617762565613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2583351135253906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.12332427501678467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.08333158493041992},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74650414","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11397","display_name":"Classical mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3065728","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3065728","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9312710/09376894.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:23e0057796974aa7ade538b5fce5c559","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/23e0057796974aa7ade538b5fce5c559","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 9, Pp 41965-41975 (2021)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3065728","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3065728","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9312710/09376894.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.8999999761581421,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6554773598","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2017YFB0902000","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3137497271.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3137497271.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":26,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1763243278","https://openalex.org/W1932735532","https://openalex.org/W1984054482","https://openalex.org/W1985801831","https://openalex.org/W2000685472","https://openalex.org/W2034868226","https://openalex.org/W2047617506","https://openalex.org/W2048231221","https://openalex.org/W2095746116","https://openalex.org/W2215227218","https://openalex.org/W2338338790","https://openalex.org/W2346665839","https://openalex.org/W2533181096","https://openalex.org/W2571415284","https://openalex.org/W2601485441","https://openalex.org/W2606265869","https://openalex.org/W2748109868","https://openalex.org/W2760857324","https://openalex.org/W2773025718","https://openalex.org/W2798085929","https://openalex.org/W2808891950","https://openalex.org/W2963339334","https://openalex.org/W2977117228","https://openalex.org/W3008514953","https://openalex.org/W3011636118","https://openalex.org/W3081559809"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2001580136","https://openalex.org/W4312577985","https://openalex.org/W4387042760","https://openalex.org/W4388622496","https://openalex.org/W4200443615","https://openalex.org/W4226403040","https://openalex.org/W4376457772","https://openalex.org/W2780536300","https://openalex.org/W2903214236","https://openalex.org/W2903648507"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,52,78],"replacement":[1],"of":[2,15,38,67,84,120],"traditional":[3],"fossil":[4],"fuels":[5],"by":[6],"renewable":[7],"energy":[8,46,105],"sources":[9],"(RESs)":[10],"leads":[11],"to":[12,98,103],"the":[13,23,28,34,39,55,60,65,75,81,85,88,100,108,113,118,121,134,139,142,157],"loss":[14],"power":[16,57,110,125,151],"grid's":[17,158],"frequency":[18,30,76],"support":[19],"capability":[20],"while":[21],"reducing":[22],"greenhouse":[24],"effect.":[25],"To":[26],"improve":[27,99,156],"primary":[29],"reserve":[31],"(PFR)":[32],"and":[33,64,80,112,127,149],"inertia":[35,114],"response":[36],"(IR)":[37],"grid,":[40],"a":[41],"configuration":[42],"method":[43],"for":[44],"an":[45],"storage":[47],"system":[48,61],"(ESS)":[49],"is":[50,69,131],"proposed.":[51],"relationship":[53],"between":[54],"maximum":[56],"fluctuation":[58],"that":[59,138],"can":[62,154],"withstand":[63],"proportion":[66],"RESs":[68],"deduced":[70],"in":[71],"this":[72],"paper":[73],"considering":[74],"requirements.":[77],"capacity":[79],"control":[82,94,129,147],"parameters":[83,130],"ESS":[86,122,140],"under":[87,123],"third-order":[89],"virtual":[90],"synchronous":[91],"generator":[92],"(VSG)":[93],"strategy":[95],"are":[96],"configured":[97],"system's":[101],"ability":[102],"promote":[104],"consumption.":[106],"Taking":[107],"unit":[109],"regulation":[111],"constant":[115],"as":[116],"references,":[117],"contribution":[119],"different":[124,128],"fluctuations":[126],"analyzed.":[132],"Finally,":[133],"simulation":[135],"results":[136],"show":[137],"with":[141],"proposed":[143],"methodology":[144],"has":[145],"eminent":[146],"characteristics":[148],"flexible":[150],"flow,":[152],"which":[153],"effectively":[155],"operating":[159],"environment.":[160]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}