{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3137854771","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3065337","title":"Comparative Study of Artificial Neural Network Based Channel Equalization Methods for mmWave Communications","display_name":"Comparative Study of Artificial Neural Network Based Channel Equalization Methods for mmWave Communications","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3137854771","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3065337","mag":"3137854771"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3065337","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3065337","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9312710/09374910.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9312710/09374910.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002308460","display_name":"Diego Fernando Carrera","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9011-1115"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98461037","display_name":"Tecnol\u00f3gico de Monterrey","ror":"https://ror.org/03ayjn504","country_code":"MX","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98461037"]}],"countries":["MX"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Diego Fernando Carrera","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Engineering and Sciences, Tecnol\u00f3gico de Monterrey, Monterrey, Mexico"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering and Sciences, Tecnol\u00f3gico de Monterrey, Monterrey, Mexico","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98461037"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063457306","display_name":"Cesar Vargas\u2010Rosales","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1770-471X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98461037","display_name":"Tecnol\u00f3gico de Monterrey","ror":"https://ror.org/03ayjn504","country_code":"MX","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98461037"]}],"countries":["MX"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cesar Vargas-Rosales","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Engineering and Sciences, Tecnol\u00f3gico de Monterrey, Monterrey, Mexico"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering and Sciences, Tecnol\u00f3gico de Monterrey, Monterrey, Mexico","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98461037"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089152522","display_name":"Noe M. Yungaicela-Naula","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3131-0672"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98461037","display_name":"Tecnol\u00f3gico de Monterrey","ror":"https://ror.org/03ayjn504","country_code":"MX","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98461037"]}],"countries":["MX"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Noe M. Yungaicela-Naula","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Engineering and Sciences, Tecnol\u00f3gico de Monterrey, Monterrey, Mexico"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering and Sciences, Tecnol\u00f3gico de Monterrey, Monterrey, Mexico","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98461037"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006454367","display_name":"Leyre Azpilicueta","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3821-0105"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98461037","display_name":"Tecnol\u00f3gico de Monterrey","ror":"https://ror.org/03ayjn504","country_code":"MX","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98461037"]}],"countries":["MX"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Leyre Azpilicueta","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Engineering and Sciences, Tecnol\u00f3gico de Monterrey, Monterrey, Mexico"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering and Sciences, Tecnol\u00f3gico de Monterrey, Monterrey, Mexico","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98461037"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98461037"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":2.6582,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":26,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91409578,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":null,"first_page":"41678","last_page":"41687"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12131","display_name":"Wireless Signal Modulation Classification","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12131","display_name":"Wireless Signal Modulation Classification","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10936","display_name":"Millimeter-Wave Propagation and Modeling","score":0.9977999925613403,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12791","display_name":"Full-Duplex Wireless Communications","score":0.994700014591217,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8108723163604736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.675673246383667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/equalization","display_name":"Equalization (audio)","score":0.6089497804641724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.5832608342170715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bit-error-rate","display_name":"Bit error rate","score":0.49692538380622864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beamforming","display_name":"Beamforming","score":0.48431530594825745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multilayer-perceptron","display_name":"Multilayer perceptron","score":0.4669801890850067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spectral-efficiency","display_name":"Spectral efficiency","score":0.4612514078617096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.4605833888053894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/communications-satellite","display_name":"Communications satellite","score":0.44906771183013916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/minimum-mean-square-error","display_name":"Minimum mean square error","score":0.442214697599411},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/extreme-learning-machine","display_name":"Extreme learning machine","score":0.44171440601348877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/perceptron","display_name":"Perceptron","score":0.43525230884552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.3582107424736023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3278578519821167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.2566560208797455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/satellite","display_name":"Satellite","score":0.2347695231437683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.09424412250518799},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.09002059698104858}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8108723163604736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.675673246383667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75755367","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q104531076","display_name":"Equalization (audio)","level":3,"score":0.6089497804641724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.5832608342170715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56296756","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840922","display_name":"Bit error rate","level":3,"score":0.49692538380622864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54197355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5782992","display_name":"Beamforming","level":2,"score":0.48431530594825745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179717631","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2991667","display_name":"Multilayer perceptron","level":3,"score":0.4669801890850067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137246740","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q583970","display_name":"Spectral efficiency","level":3,"score":0.4612514078617096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.4605833888053894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121308736","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q149918","display_name":"Communications satellite","level":3,"score":0.44906771183013916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90652560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11091747","display_name":"Minimum mean square error","level":3,"score":0.442214697599411},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780150128","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21948731","display_name":"Extreme learning machine","level":3,"score":0.44171440601348877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60908668","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q690207","display_name":"Perceptron","level":3,"score":0.43525230884552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.3582107424736023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3278578519821167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.2566560208797455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19269812","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26540","display_name":"Satellite","level":2,"score":0.2347695231437683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.09424412250518799},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.09002059698104858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185429906","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1130160","display_name":"Estimator","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3065337","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3065337","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9312710/09374910.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:d914c2c75d2e486c999f73ac9c8f6eaf","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/d914c2c75d2e486c999f73ac9c8f6eaf","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 9, Pp 41678-41687 (2021)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3065337","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3065337","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9312710/09374910.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7276256682","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"255387","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321739","funder_display_name":"Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnolog\u00eda"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320311777","display_name":"Secretar\u00eda de Educaci\u00f3n P\u00fablica","ror":"https://ror.org/02e1c4h55"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321739","display_name":"Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnolog\u00eda","ror":"https://ror.org/059ex5q34"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":25,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2017729989","https://openalex.org/W2109407437","https://openalex.org/W2163572752","https://openalex.org/W2885033069","https://openalex.org/W2897042325","https://openalex.org/W2944933595","https://openalex.org/W2963190722","https://openalex.org/W2963836746","https://openalex.org/W2966038277","https://openalex.org/W2969517048","https://openalex.org/W2979317621","https://openalex.org/W2988549429","https://openalex.org/W2999573242","https://openalex.org/W3006364511","https://openalex.org/W3009071884","https://openalex.org/W3025061635","https://openalex.org/W3029296324","https://openalex.org/W3043284621","https://openalex.org/W3086463525","https://openalex.org/W3087492702","https://openalex.org/W3103126557","https://openalex.org/W3107179866","https://openalex.org/W3120586454","https://openalex.org/W3132893304","https://openalex.org/W4205533812"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2101617851","https://openalex.org/W4311950697","https://openalex.org/W2062416811","https://openalex.org/W2907064592","https://openalex.org/W2062675820","https://openalex.org/W1551931186","https://openalex.org/W1985632374","https://openalex.org/W4285165247","https://openalex.org/W2352105133","https://openalex.org/W2910459632"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1],"paper,":[2],"we":[3],"compare":[4],"two":[5],"artificial":[6],"neural":[7,68,91],"networks":[8],"(ANNs)":[9],"approaches":[10],"designed":[11],"to":[12,36,75,93,126,133],"perform":[13],"channel":[14],"equalization":[15,185],"for":[16],"millimeter-wave":[17],"(mmWave)":[18],"signals":[19],"operating":[20],"in":[21,114],"the":[22,38,45,49,52,55,71,77,96,100,105,117,130,134,140,151,161,164,170,174,183],"28":[23],"GHz":[24],"frequency":[25,56],"band.":[26],"We":[27,59,80,128,156],"used":[28],"an":[29,86,144],"in-house":[30],"deterministic":[31],"Three-Dimensional":[32],"Ray-Launching":[33],"(3D-RL)":[34],"code":[35],"simulate":[37],"spatial":[39],"structure":[40],"of":[41,48,63,85,116,163],"mmWave":[42,73,107],"channels":[43,74],"considering":[44,143],"material":[46],"properties":[47],"obstacles":[50],"within":[51],"scenario":[53],"at":[54,99],"under":[57],"analysis.":[58],"performed":[60,82],"offline":[61],"training":[62,84],"a":[64],"multilayer":[65],"perceptron":[66],"(MLP)":[67],"network":[69,92],"with":[70],"simulated":[72],"equalize":[76],"received":[78,106],"signal.":[79,108],"also":[81],"online":[83],"extreme":[87],"learning":[88],"machine":[89],"(ELM)":[90],"directly":[94],"get":[95],"equalized":[97],"symbols":[98],"receiver,":[101],"given":[102],"as":[103],"input":[104],"The":[109],"ANN":[110,131],"solutions":[111],"were":[112],"tested":[113],"terms":[115],"achievable":[118],"spectral":[119],"efficiency,":[120],"bit":[121],"error":[122,138],"rate,":[123],"and":[124,139,167],"time":[125,181],"process.":[127],"compared":[129],"techniques":[132],"minimum":[135],"mean":[136],"square":[137],"zero-forcing":[141],"equalizers,":[142],"orthogonal":[145],"frequency-division":[146],"multiplexing":[147],"communication":[148],"based":[149],"on":[150,160],"5G":[152],"New":[153],"Radio":[154],"standard.":[155],"present":[157],"numerical":[158],"results":[159],"performance":[162],"proposed":[165],"ANNs":[166],"show":[168],"that":[169],"ELM":[171],"strategy":[172],"outperforms":[173],"MLP":[175],"method,":[176],"requiring":[177],"significantly":[178],"less":[179],"processing":[180],"than":[182],"reviewed":[184],"methods.":[186]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-06-26T08:34:08.712188","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}