{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3135223881","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3064905","title":"Development of Self-Synchronized Drones\u2019 Network Using Cluster-Based Swarm Intelligence Approach","display_name":"Development of Self-Synchronized Drones\u2019 Network Using Cluster-Based Swarm Intelligence Approach","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3135223881","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3064905","mag":"3135223881"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3064905","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3064905","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9312710/09373310.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9312710/09373310.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062000051","display_name":"Fawaz Alsolami","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0396-1347"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185163786","display_name":"King Abdulaziz University","ror":"https://ror.org/02ma4wv74","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185163786"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fawaz Alsolami","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Computing and Information Technology, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0396-1347","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Computing and Information Technology, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185163786"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037262245","display_name":"Fahad Alqurashi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7919-747X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185163786","display_name":"King Abdulaziz University","ror":"https://ror.org/02ma4wv74","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185163786"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fahad A. Alqurashi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Computing and Information Technology, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7919-747X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Computing and Information Technology, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185163786"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084720361","display_name":"Mohammad Kamrul Hasan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5511-0205"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I885383172","display_name":"National University of Malaysia","ror":"https://ror.org/00bw8d226","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I885383172"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohammad Kamrul Hasan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Cyber Security, Faculty of Information Science and Technology Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Bangi, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5511-0205","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Cyber Security, Faculty of Information Science and Technology Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Bangi, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I885383172"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021407862","display_name":"Rashid A. Saeed","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9872-081X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I179331831","display_name":"Taif University","ror":"https://ror.org/014g1a453","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I179331831"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rashid A. Saeed","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computers and Information Technology, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9872-081X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computers and Information Technology, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I179331831"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075183774","display_name":"S. Abdel\u2010Khalek","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1822-2456"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I179331831","display_name":"Taif University","ror":"https://ror.org/014g1a453","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I179331831"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S. Abdel-Khalek","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Science, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1822-2456","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Science, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I179331831"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005986845","display_name":"Anis Ben Ishak","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3619-2070"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I108714496","display_name":"Tunis University","ror":"https://ror.org/02q1spa57","country_code":"TN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I108714496"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210140729","display_name":"Institut Sup\u00e9rieur de Gestion de Tunis","ror":"https://ror.org/04w9mdw91","country_code":"TN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I108714496","https://openalex.org/I4210140729"]}],"countries":["TN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anis Ben Ishak","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institut Sup\u00e9rieur de Gestion de Tunis, University of Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3619-2070","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institut Sup\u00e9rieur de Gestion de Tunis, University of Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210140729","https://openalex.org/I108714496"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":5.6211,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":45,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96080679,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":null,"first_page":"48010","last_page":"48022"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10796","display_name":"Cooperative Communication and Network Coding","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10796","display_name":"Cooperative Communication and Network Coding","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/swarm-behaviour","display_name":"Swarm behaviour","score":0.8997031450271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/drone","display_name":"Drone","score":0.8750885725021362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/synchronization","display_name":"Synchronization (alternating current)","score":0.760238528251648},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7532079219818115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.5862843990325928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/clock-synchronization","display_name":"Clock synchronization","score":0.4626769423484802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.18612539768218994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.1690046191215515}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C181335050","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14915018","display_name":"Swarm behaviour","level":2,"score":0.8997031450271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59519942","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q650665","display_name":"Drone","level":2,"score":0.8750885725021362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778562939","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1298791","display_name":"Synchronization (alternating current)","level":3,"score":0.760238528251648},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7532079219818115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.5862843990325928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129891060","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1513059","display_name":"Clock synchronization","level":4,"score":0.4626769423484802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.18612539768218994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.1690046191215515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3064905","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3064905","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9312710/09373310.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:e27597061c514eed9ea5f79d60c101fe","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/e27597061c514eed9ea5f79d60c101fe","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 9, Pp 48010-48022 (2021)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3064905","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3064905","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9312710/09373310.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6346372738","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"DF-322-611-1441","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322322","funder_display_name":"King Abdulaziz University"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322322","display_name":"King Abdulaziz University","ror":"https://ror.org/02ma4wv74"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3135223881.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3135223881.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":55,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1579576601","https://openalex.org/W2021240279","https://openalex.org/W2217445775","https://openalex.org/W2220010058","https://openalex.org/W2245651251","https://openalex.org/W2343274618","https://openalex.org/W2490807733","https://openalex.org/W2588345661","https://openalex.org/W2612185149","https://openalex.org/W2733028281","https://openalex.org/W2739701558","https://openalex.org/W2742866266","https://openalex.org/W2766977182","https://openalex.org/W2770939175","https://openalex.org/W2773497457","https://openalex.org/W2795278850","https://openalex.org/W2802404451","https://openalex.org/W2807064714","https://openalex.org/W2885412827","https://openalex.org/W2885457918","https://openalex.org/W2888918180","https://openalex.org/W2891822748","https://openalex.org/W2897385789","https://openalex.org/W2897675304","https://openalex.org/W2904104533","https://openalex.org/W2908149727","https://openalex.org/W2908641860","https://openalex.org/W2945202238","https://openalex.org/W2946706291","https://openalex.org/W2950265807","https://openalex.org/W2950552779","https://openalex.org/W2968845955","https://openalex.org/W2972904616","https://openalex.org/W2974120023","https://openalex.org/W2975514444","https://openalex.org/W2975780955","https://openalex.org/W2995525702","https://openalex.org/W2996425628","https://openalex.org/W2999377472","https://openalex.org/W3002012633","https://openalex.org/W3005496782","https://openalex.org/W3006631843","https://openalex.org/W3009712641","https://openalex.org/W3010509510","https://openalex.org/W3011953238","https://openalex.org/W3013601044","https://openalex.org/W3023986249","https://openalex.org/W3026285520","https://openalex.org/W3027940156","https://openalex.org/W3034875362","https://openalex.org/W3036626785","https://openalex.org/W3088677228","https://openalex.org/W3089845709","https://openalex.org/W6757237837","https://openalex.org/W6771572760"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2743170747","https://openalex.org/W4385625905","https://openalex.org/W2187730212","https://openalex.org/W4312714696","https://openalex.org/W1986532039","https://openalex.org/W2130974576","https://openalex.org/W2364948717","https://openalex.org/W2356054222","https://openalex.org/W2936090873","https://openalex.org/W2031096545"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Timing":[0],"synchronization":[1,22,33,68,116,126,132,155,184,197,205,216,239,291,312],"has":[2],"a":[3,12,76,87,129,153,202,223],"vital":[4],"role":[5],"in":[6,99,136,177,208,229,250,269],"swarm":[7,13,146,171,218],"drones'":[8,60,63],"network":[9,104,213],"(SDN)":[10],"or":[11],"of":[14,41,55,82,90,226],"unmanned":[15],"aerial":[16],"vehicle":[17],"(UAV)":[18],"network.":[19],"Current":[20],"timing":[21,32,67,115,125,154,161,183,196,238,254,283],"methods":[23],"focus":[24],"on":[25],"enhancing":[26,123],"single-hop":[27],"skews":[28],"which":[29],"remarkably":[30],"improve":[31],"precision":[34,50,313],"at":[35],"this":[36,137,285],"level.":[37],"The":[38,148,163,186,199],"improper":[39],"clock":[40],"the":[42,53,56,59,80,119,124,180,233,237,243,251,265,277,287,304,310],"drone":[43,85,262],"system":[44,288],"can":[45,143,314],"cause":[46],"interference,":[47],"affect":[48],"spectrum":[49],"and":[51,108,122,191,220,290,320],"interrupt":[52],"operation":[54],"transceiver.":[57],"In":[58],"network,":[61],"master":[62,227],"(MD)":[64],"neighbor":[65],"drone's":[66],"approaches":[69],"like":[70,102],"Reference":[71],"Broadcast":[72],"System":[73],"(RBS)":[74],"realize":[75],"good":[77],"performance.":[78],"However,":[79,264],"requirement":[81],"one":[83],"super":[84],"with":[86,158,179,242,322],"large":[88,209],"number":[89,225],"broadcasts":[91],"for":[92,207,222,317],"RBS":[93],"makes":[94],"it":[95],"unrealistic":[96],"to":[97,112,173,193,245,293,297,301],"use":[98],"some":[100],"situations":[101],"SDN":[103],"situation.":[105],"Appropriate":[106],"study":[107],"adjustments":[109],"are":[110,167,258,274],"needed":[111],"have":[113],"real":[114],"by":[117,276],"eliminating":[118],"clocks":[120],"drift":[121],"precision.":[127,198],"Therefore,":[128],"new":[130],"self-timing":[131,204],"approach":[133,188,206],"is":[134,189,217,232],"proposed":[135,187],"paper":[138,200],"where":[139,236],"several":[140],"MD":[141],"drones":[142,165,176,228],"autonomously":[144],"generate":[145],"clusters.":[147],"cluster":[149,160,182,235,253,282],"head":[150],"(CH)":[151],"instigates":[152],"procedure":[156,240],"starting":[157],"intra-Swarm":[159,234],"synchronization.":[162],"intermediate":[164,261],"(ID)":[166],"elected":[168],"between":[169],"two":[170,256],"clusters":[172,257],"synchronize":[174,246],"all":[175,247,272],"line":[178],"inter-swarm":[181,252],"approach.":[185],"distributed":[190],"flexible":[192],"achieve":[194],"high":[195,323],"proposes":[201],"novel":[203],"scale":[210],"semi-flat":[211],"SND":[212],"architecture.":[214],"Self-timing":[215],"cluster-based":[219],"applicable":[221],"huge":[224],"SDN.":[230],"One":[231],"starts":[241],"CH":[244],"CM.":[248],"Secondly,":[249],"synchronization,":[255],"synchronized":[259,275,278],"via":[260],"(ID).":[263],"simulations":[266],"demonstrated":[267],"that":[268,309],"many":[270],"cases":[271],"CHs":[273,279],"from":[280],"intra-swarm":[281],"synchronizations;":[284],"increased":[286],"throughput":[289],"delay":[292],"about":[294],"75%":[295],"compared":[296],"what":[298],"we":[299],"planned":[300],"achieve.":[302],"Moreover,":[303],"simulation":[305],"results":[306],"also":[307],"proved":[308],"achieved":[311],"be":[315],"used":[316],"position":[318],"estimation":[319],"prediction":[321],"accuracy.":[324]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2021-03-15T00:00:00"}