{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3135658403","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3063031","title":"Audio-Visual Biometric Recognition and Presentation Attack Detection: A Comprehensive Survey","display_name":"Audio-Visual Biometric Recognition and Presentation Attack Detection: A Comprehensive Survey","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3135658403","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3063031","mag":"3135658403"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3063031","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3063031","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9312710/09366483.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"public-domain","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/public-domain","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9312710/09366483.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066745919","display_name":"Hareesh Mandalapu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2760-2832"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204778367","display_name":"Norwegian University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05xg72x27","country_code":"NO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204778367"]}],"countries":["NO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hareesh Mandalapu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Gj\u00f8vik, Norway"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2760-2832","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Gj\u00f8vik, Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204778367"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006871006","display_name":"Aravinda Reddy P N","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145894827","display_name":"Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur","ror":"https://ror.org/03w5sq511","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145894827"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Aravinda Reddy P N","raw_affiliation_strings":["Advanced Technology Development Centre, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Advanced Technology Development Centre, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145894827"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073391891","display_name":"Raghavendra Ramachandra","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0484-3956"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204778367","display_name":"Norwegian University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05xg72x27","country_code":"NO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204778367"]}],"countries":["NO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Raghavendra Ramachandra","raw_affiliation_strings":["Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Gj\u00f8vik, Norway"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0484-3956","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Gj\u00f8vik, Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204778367"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103596982","display_name":"Krothapalli Sreenivasa Rao","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145894827","display_name":"Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur","ror":"https://ror.org/03w5sq511","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145894827"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Krothapalli Sreenivasa Rao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145894827"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032809289","display_name":"Pabitra Mitra","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1908-9813"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145894827","display_name":"Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur","ror":"https://ror.org/03w5sq511","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145894827"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pabitra Mitra","raw_affiliation_strings":["Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145894827"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052129812","display_name":"S. R. Mahadeva Prasanna","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8135-7938"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210152718","display_name":"Indian Institute of Technology Dharwad","ror":"https://ror.org/0509djg30","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210152718"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S. R. Mahadeva Prasanna","raw_affiliation_strings":["Indian Institute of Technology Dharwad, Dharwad, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Indian Institute of Technology Dharwad, Dharwad, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210152718"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017716310","display_name":"Christoph Busch","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9159-2923"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204778367","display_name":"Norwegian University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05xg72x27","country_code":"NO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204778367"]}],"countries":["NO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christoph Busch","raw_affiliation_strings":["Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Gj\u00f8vik, Norway"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9159-2923","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Gj\u00f8vik, Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204778367"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":2.7287,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":39,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91865742,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":null,"first_page":"37431","last_page":"37455"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12357","display_name":"Digital Media Forensic Detection","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12357","display_name":"Digital Media Forensic Detection","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10860","display_name":"Speech and Audio Processing","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10828","display_name":"Biometric Identification and Security","score":0.9975000023841858,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biometrics","display_name":"Biometrics","score":0.8847439289093018},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8237330913543701},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/facial-recognition-system","display_name":"Facial recognition system","score":0.6980579495429993},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/presentation","display_name":"Presentation (obstetrics)","score":0.6322305202484131},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benchmarking","display_name":"Benchmarking","score":0.5990749597549438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vulnerability","display_name":"Vulnerability (computing)","score":0.5008552074432373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speaker-recognition","display_name":"Speaker recognition","score":0.45617246627807617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.43755969405174255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/face","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","score":0.4105324149131775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.3196323812007904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.2401992380619049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.19937452673912048}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184297639","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177765","display_name":"Biometrics","level":2,"score":0.8847439289093018},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8237330913543701},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31510193","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1192553","display_name":"Facial recognition system","level":3,"score":0.6980579495429993},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777601897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3409113","display_name":"Presentation (obstetrics)","level":2,"score":0.6322305202484131},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86251818","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816754","display_name":"Benchmarking","level":2,"score":0.5990749597549438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95713431","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q631425","display_name":"Vulnerability (computing)","level":2,"score":0.5008552074432373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133892786","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1145189","display_name":"Speaker recognition","level":2,"score":0.45617246627807617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.43755969405174255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779304628","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3503480","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","level":2,"score":0.4105324149131775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.3196323812007904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.2401992380619049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.19937452673912048},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162853370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809","display_name":"Marketing","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126838900","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77604","display_name":"Radiology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3063031","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3063031","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9312710/09366483.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"public-domain","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/public-domain","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2101.09725","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2101.09725","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2101.09725","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:f28fc673fb6440428534a34c242643d9","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/f28fc673fb6440428534a34c242643d9","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 9, Pp 37431-37455 (2021)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:ntnuopen.ntnu.no:11250/2734863","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/11250/2734863","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401716","display_name":"Duo Research Archive (University of Oslo)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I184942183","host_organization_name":"University of Oslo","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I184942183"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3063031","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3063031","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9312710/09366483.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"public-domain","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/public-domain","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":177,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W142945732","https://openalex.org/W179458199","https://openalex.org/W636971608","https://openalex.org/W645926012","https://openalex.org/W652928785","https://openalex.org/W819783837","https://openalex.org/W1142123214","https://openalex.org/W1482998036","https://openalex.org/W1483218994","https://openalex.org/W1484301591","https://openalex.org/W1488338708","https://openalex.org/W1489329624","https://openalex.org/W1490122681","https://openalex.org/W1491642268","https://openalex.org/W1507500984","https://openalex.org/W1518556865","https://openalex.org/W1524333225","https://openalex.org/W1527240141","https://openalex.org/W1530235006","https://openalex.org/W1540804449","https://openalex.org/W1560013842","https://openalex.org/W1567233828","https://openalex.org/W1573173475","https://openalex.org/W1576300520","https://openalex.org/W1578285471","https://openalex.org/W1581745578","https://openalex.org/W1581848032","https://openalex.org/W1595035931","https://openalex.org/W1602485673","https://openalex.org/W1605152703","https://openalex.org/W1633840029","https://openalex.org/W1659411517","https://openalex.org/W1830938247","https://openalex.org/W1836015656","https://openalex.org/W1916834241","https://openalex.org/W1942147923","https://openalex.org/W1948754462","https://openalex.org/W1964448421","https://openalex.org/W1964676816","https://openalex.org/W1974783905","https://openalex.org/W1985225657","https://openalex.org/W1985360119","https://openalex.org/W1994481804","https://openalex.org/W1995650504","https://openalex.org/W1996321718","https://openalex.org/W1996932373","https://openalex.org/W1997362749","https://openalex.org/W2001619934","https://openalex.org/W2001954572","https://openalex.org/W2003922383","https://openalex.org/W2005254000","https://openalex.org/W2006415425","https://openalex.org/W2008733468","https://openalex.org/W2011966853","https://openalex.org/W2018332268","https://openalex.org/W2024677982","https://openalex.org/W2029553329","https://openalex.org/W2030965808","https://openalex.org/W2033419168","https://openalex.org/W2038447668","https://openalex.org/W2046992582","https://openalex.org/W2048679005","https://openalex.org/W2055098062","https://openalex.org/W2061489198","https://openalex.org/W2068723942","https://openalex.org/W2072380605","https://openalex.org/W2083792893","https://openalex.org/W2088098460","https://openalex.org/W2097021277","https://openalex.org/W2100009494","https://openalex.org/W2100899763","https://openalex.org/W2101294471","https://openalex.org/W2104150606","https://openalex.org/W2106248981","https://openalex.org/W2106291114","https://openalex.org/W2110584444","https://openalex.org/W2111135419","https://openalex.org/W2112348857","https://openalex.org/W2117553576","https://openalex.org/W2118564005","https://openalex.org/W2119970915","https://openalex.org/W2121812409","https://openalex.org/W2122702209","https://openalex.org/W2124983223","https://openalex.org/W2125537957","https://openalex.org/W2126933852","https://openalex.org/W2130054403","https://openalex.org/W2131021941","https://openalex.org/W2131081720","https://openalex.org/W2131402987","https://openalex.org/W2137225583","https://openalex.org/W2138432060","https://openalex.org/W2143486266","https://openalex.org/W2144942180","https://openalex.org/W2145556844","https://openalex.org/W2146824864","https://openalex.org/W2150769028","https://openalex.org/W2154663226","https://openalex.org/W2155969220","https://openalex.org/W2158585342","https://openalex.org/W2160547390","https://openalex.org/W2161969291","https://openalex.org/W2167225621","https://openalex.org/W2169101546","https://openalex.org/W2170974070","https://openalex.org/W2172179449","https://openalex.org/W2177200365","https://openalex.org/W2197258718","https://openalex.org/W2313342918","https://openalex.org/W2478893932","https://openalex.org/W2492805573","https://openalex.org/W2503913181","https://openalex.org/W2528158016","https://openalex.org/W2536204627","https://openalex.org/W2602244503","https://openalex.org/W2608682667","https://openalex.org/W2621029079","https://openalex.org/W2623940107","https://openalex.org/W2751023760","https://openalex.org/W2757379415","https://openalex.org/W2789467142","https://openalex.org/W2791874343","https://openalex.org/W2804829993","https://openalex.org/W2889636185","https://openalex.org/W2896439386","https://openalex.org/W2898274421","https://openalex.org/W2914620083","https://openalex.org/W2936802426","https://openalex.org/W2967606780","https://openalex.org/W2977364006","https://openalex.org/W2979483133","https://openalex.org/W2980468885","https://openalex.org/W2993215465","https://openalex.org/W3026006730","https://openalex.org/W3048913700","https://openalex.org/W3094862962","https://openalex.org/W3097096317","https://openalex.org/W3105099157","https://openalex.org/W3136184014","https://openalex.org/W3138988259","https://openalex.org/W4205727162","https://openalex.org/W4245134515","https://openalex.org/W4246188472","https://openalex.org/W4255342101","https://openalex.org/W4287689667","https://openalex.org/W4293768955","https://openalex.org/W4297932500","https://openalex.org/W4298429597","https://openalex.org/W6605769872","https://openalex.org/W6620774151","https://openalex.org/W6621596204","https://openalex.org/W6623210947","https://openalex.org/W6629006804","https://openalex.org/W6629194106","https://openalex.org/W6629509913","https://openalex.org/W6631362777","https://openalex.org/W6631618440","https://openalex.org/W6631673630","https://openalex.org/W6633431331","https://openalex.org/W6634211374","https://openalex.org/W6634816927","https://openalex.org/W6635966985","https://openalex.org/W6638820060","https://openalex.org/W6640010188","https://openalex.org/W6640674298","https://openalex.org/W6648940651","https://openalex.org/W6651255511","https://openalex.org/W6675020145","https://openalex.org/W6680302564","https://openalex.org/W6684674133","https://openalex.org/W6685132292","https://openalex.org/W6685623573","https://openalex.org/W6685919093","https://openalex.org/W6739034343","https://openalex.org/W6755123594","https://openalex.org/W6791471707","https://openalex.org/W6792051470"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4238897586","https://openalex.org/W435179959","https://openalex.org/W2619091065","https://openalex.org/W2059640416","https://openalex.org/W1490753184","https://openalex.org/W2284465472","https://openalex.org/W2291782699","https://openalex.org/W1993948687","https://openalex.org/W2000169967","https://openalex.org/W2112883198"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Biometric":[0],"recognition":[1,107,133,174],"is":[2,157,196],"a":[3,85,102,159,167,188],"trending":[4],"technology":[5],"that":[6],"uses":[7],"unique":[8],"characteristics":[9],"data":[10,149],"to":[11,40,74],"identify":[12],"or":[13,97],"verify/authenticate":[14],"security":[15],"applications.":[16,92],"Amidst":[17],"the":[18,27,63,94,137,152],"classically":[19],"used":[20],"biometrics,":[21],"voice":[22,66],"and":[23,44,52,59,67,126,147,181,193],"face":[24,53,68,106],"attributes":[25],"are":[26,38],"most":[28],"propitious":[29],"for":[30,151,179],"prevalent":[31],"applications":[32],"in":[33,56,88,105,110,198],"day-to-day":[34],"life":[35],"because":[36],"they":[37],"easy":[39],"obtain":[41],"through":[42],"restrained":[43],"user-friendly":[45],"procedures.":[46],"The":[47,140],"pervasiveness":[48],"of":[49,65,115,142,154,162,201],"low-cost":[50],"audio":[51],"capture":[54],"sensors":[55],"smartphones,":[57],"laptops,":[58],"tablets":[60],"has":[61,83,99],"made":[62,166],"advantage":[64],"biometrics":[69,143],"more":[70],"exceptional":[71],"when":[72],"compared":[73],"other":[75],"biometrics.":[76,202],"For":[77],"many":[78],"years,":[79],"acoustic":[80],"information":[81,123],"alone":[82],"been":[84],"great":[86],"success":[87],"automatic":[89],"speaker":[90],"verification":[91],"Meantime,":[93],"last":[95],"decade":[96],"two":[98],"also":[100,158],"witnessed":[101],"remarkable":[103],"ascent":[104],"technologies.":[108],"Nonetheless,":[109],"adverse":[111],"unconstrained":[112],"environments,":[113],"neither":[114],"these":[116],"techniques":[117],"achieves":[118],"optimal":[119],"performance.":[120,139],"Since":[121],"audio-visual":[122,148,173],"carries":[124],"correlated":[125],"complementary":[127],"information,":[128],"integrating":[129],"them":[130],"into":[131],"one":[132],"system":[134],"can":[135],"increase":[136],"system's":[138],"vulnerability":[141],"towards":[144],"presentation":[145],"attacks":[146,156],"usage":[150],"detection":[153],"such":[155],"hot":[160],"topic":[161],"research.":[163],"This":[164],"paper":[165],"comprehensive":[168],"survey":[169],"on":[170,191],"existing":[171],"state-of-the-art":[172],"techniques,":[175],"publicly":[176],"available":[177],"databases":[178],"benchmarking,":[180],"Presentation":[182],"Attack":[183],"Detection":[184],"(PAD)":[185],"algorithms.":[186],"Further,":[187],"detailed":[189],"discussion":[190],"challenges":[192],"open":[194],"problems":[195],"presented":[197],"this":[199],"field":[200]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-07-03T08:13:44.112507","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
